Family-centered collaborative care for patients with chronic mental illness: A systematic review.

Background: Chronic mental illnesses (CMI) are long lasting and reoccurring and require continuous care as well as an integrated and collaborative approach to organize the care. This study sought to examine whether family centered collaborative care is an acceptable treatment option for individuals with CMI. Materials and Methods: From the years 2000 to 2021, ten electronic databases relating to family centered collaborative care for mental illness were searched adopting Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta Analysis checklist. Twenty seven relevant articles and a thesis from among 6956 studies retrieved, were assessed their quality appraisal through four standardized tools. The studies were rated as good, moderate, or poor. Studies were calibrated, different opinions were discussed, and extracted data were done. Results: Evidence included 11 randomized controlled trials (from 19 articles), one randomized control trial, three mixed methods studies (from 3 articles and 1 thesis), and a qualitative study (from 4 articles). The quality of seven studies was good, 15 were moderate quality, and seven were poor quality. According to moderate to high quality qualitative research, family centered collaborative care was considered an acceptable intervention; though a few studies supported it. Conclusion: The findings demonstrated that family involvement in the care of patients with CMI affects no recurrence of the disease, and no re hospitalization of patients with this disorder. As a result, engaging family members in the care process can have a positive impact on the health and well being of these patients.

Analysis of the concept of nurses' autonomy in intensive care units: A hybrid model.

Objective: To analyze the concept of autonomy of nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods: The hybrid model approach proposed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim, which includes theoretical, fieldwork and analytical phases, was used for this study. For the theoretical and fieldwork phases, the Graneheim and Lundman stages and the CORE-Q checklist were used, and the results were combined in the final analysis phase. For the theoretical phase, 46 related articles, two instruments and four books were identified after using a search strategy in 7 bibliographic databases in English and one in Persian with the terms MESH: 'nursing', 'autonomy' and 'intensive care'. The information extracted in the theoretical phase served as the basis for the design of the questions used in the semi-structured interviews in the fieldwork phase. Eight nurses with ICU experience working in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) participated in the fieldwork phase. Results: The antecedents of the concept of nurse autonomy in ICUs were: empowerment of the workforce, organizational platform, and social and individual views of the profession. Its attributes were professionalism and high personal capabilities. Finally, increased personal competencies, promotion of quality of care, improved attitudes towards the profession and professional outcomes were noted as consequences. Conclusion: The autonomy of nurses in the ICU can facilitate their empowerment, which translates into the promotion of their caring behaviours, followed by the improvement of patient outcomes and quality of care.

How can healthcare providers involve with families in the care of patients with chronic mental illness? A mixed methods protocol study to adapt the clinical practice guideline.

BACKGROUND: Chronic mental illnesses have long periods, are recurring, and require continuous care as well as an integrated and collaborative approach to organize the care. The purpose of this article is to summarize the most important steps necessary for adapting a clinical practice guideline for family-centered collaborative care of patients with chronic mental illnesses referring to the medical centers. MATERIALS AND METHODS: As the study will be an exploratory mixed methods study, the design will be carried out as a sequential qualitative-quantitative study (QUAL quan), consisting of 3 phases, 9 modules, and 24 sequential steps, which is based on the Guidelines International Network to adapt the guideline manual. In the first phase, the prerequisites for adaptation of the clinical guideline were established. In the second phase, to collect evidence, a qualitative study (semi-structured interview) will be conducted to explore the dimensions and components of the care needs of patients with chronic mental disorders and their families from the perspectives of patients, caregivers, and healthcare providers. Additionally, a literature review to extract relevant clinical guidelines and articles will be done. A panel of experts will screen and evaluate potential clinical guidelines, and a draft guideline will be developed. DISCUSSION: It is expected that these findings will meet the needs of patients with mental illness and their caregivers by providing integrated care and improving collaborative care within the sociocultural context of Iran.

Psychosis due to anxiety related to COVID-19: A case report.

Introduction and importance: Limited information is available regarding various effects of lifestyle changes caused by coronavirus pandemic on human life. On the other hand, if the fear of getting infected by coronavirus is accompanied by other psychological crises, it can possibly lead to psychosis in people with or without a previous history of mental illness. Case presentation: The patient is a 36-year-old man with no previous history of mental illness who divorced his wife 6 months before the onset of COVID-19 pandemic. The patient developed auditory hallucinations and paranoid thoughts after the outbreak. After diagnosis of psychosis, treatment with injectable haloperidol was started. He was then treated with risperidone for maintenance therapy. On the other hand, for depressive symptoms, the patient was treated with bupropion. One week after starting the treatment, the patient's paranoid thoughts and auditory hallucinations improved. Clinical discussion: Getting infected with coronavirus or being severely afraid of it may cause symptoms of psychosis in those with a history of previous mental disease. There is also evidence that extreme fear of infection with coronavirus can lead to psychosis if accompanied by other psychological crises. Conclusion: It is necessary to pay more attention to the diagnosis and treatment of anxiety caused by COVID-19. Failure to immediately treat the anxiety caused by the fear of infection in this pandemic or other epidemics can lead to more serious problems such as psychosis and create further risks for the individual, family and community.

Barriers to family involvement in the care of patients with chronic mental illnesses: A qualitative study.

Introduction: Caregivers are patients' family members or intimate friends who take care of individuals suffering from chronic mental illnesses without being paid. Evidence has supported the role of family-centered collaborative care in the treatment of patients with chronic mental illnesses. It has also been emphasized by national policies. However, carrying out this type of care is accompanied by challenges in Iran. Considering the importance of family participation in taking care of these patients as well as the necessity to determine its effective factors, the present study aimed to assess the barriers to family involvement in the care of patients with chronic mental illnesses. Method: A conventional content analysis was used to conduct this qualitative study. Thirty four health care providers, patients, and caregivers were interviewed unstructured in-depth face-to-face using purposive sampling. Until saturation of data, sampling and data analysis were conducted simultaneously. Graneheim and Lundman's method was used to record, transcribe, and analyze the interviews. Result: The results showed that there were many barriers to the collaboration of family in the care of patients with chronic mental illnesses. Accordingly, four main categories and twelve subcategories were extracted from the data as follows: "family-related barriers", "treatment-related factors", "disease nature threatening care", and "mental disease-associated stigma in the society". Conclusion: The findings presented the barriers to family centers' collaborative care in patients with chronic mental illnesses and the necessary components of family involvement in the care to be used by healthcare managers and policymakers. The reported barriers emphasize the need for the development of structured approaches whose implementation is easy for health care providers, does not require a lot of time and resources, and can improve patient and family outcomes.

A quality assessment of clinical practice guidelines with recommendations for family involvement in the care of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia, bipolar mood disorder, and major depressive disorder: Critical appraisal utilizing AGREE II.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that family-center collaborative care is useful for individuals identified with chronic mental illness. Clinical practice guidelines offer specific recommendations primarily based on to be had studies and are beneficial in informing evidence-based practice and guiding destiny studies. Objective: Identify current scientific practice guidelines including family-center collaborative care suggestions for individuals with Bipolar Mood Disorder, Schizophrenia, and Major Depressive Disorder and analyze the selection of guidelines for their methodological quality. Methods: A systematic search was conducted on seven electronic databases (G-I-N), (NICE), (MOH), (SIGN), (WHO), (NIH) and (APA) and additional sources. Three referees independently reviewed articles and selected guidelines for inclusion criteria. Subsequently, 18 trained appraisers independently assessed all 15 guidelines using AGREE II. Results: The mean scores for domains and overall quality were computed. For the overall assessment of the guidelines, 60% reached the quality threshold with domain scores of 60%. The overall average quality rating for these guidelines was 58/29%. Conclusion: The applicability of the guidelines needs to be improved in order to improve their relevance and clinical utilization. As individuals with chronic mental illnesses progress through their disease course, families and health care providers play a crucial role in helping them. The analysis of research knowledge on effective rehabilitation techniques, including the involvement of families in treatment, can be enhanced by using well-developed and appropriate methods.

Lived Experience of Iranian Family Caregivers of Tubercular Patients: A Qualitative Study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the lived experience of family caregivers of persons with tuberculosis. METHODS: In this study, the method of hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected through online in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine family caregivers of TB patients. The obtained data were thematically analyzed to explain the concept of home care for TB patients through van Manen's 6-step methodology. RESULTS: After the thematic analysis, three main themes of caregivers' mental distresses, quality care stasis, and facilitated care were obtained from 944 primary codes and 11 categories. CONCLUSIONS: Family caregivers of these patients suffer from mental distress. This issue affects the quality and ease of caregiving for these patients. Therefore, policymakers of this area should pay attention to the family caregivers of these patients and attempt to provide support; they should try to improve their quality of life.

Analysis of the concept of nurses' autonomy in intensive care units: A hybrid model / Análisis del concepto de autonomía de las Unidades de Cuidado Intensivo. Un modelo hídrido / Análise do conceito de autonomia das Unidades de Terapia Intensiva. Um modelo híbrido

Objective. To analyze the concept of autonomy of nurses in Intensive Care Units (ICU). Methods. The hybrid model approach proposed by Schwartz-Barcott and Kim, which includes theoretical, fieldwork and analytical phases, was used for this study. For the theoretical and fieldwork phases, the Graneheim and Lundman stages and the CORE-Q checklist were used, and the results were combined in the final analysis phase. For the theoretical phase, 46 related articles, two instruments and four books were identified after using a search strategy in 7 bibliographic databases in English and one in Persian with the terms MESH: 'nursing', 'autonomy' and 'intensive care'. The information extracted in the theoretical phase served as the basis for the design of the questions used in the semi-structured interviews in the fieldwork phase. Eight nurses with ICU experience working in hospitals affiliated to Isfahan University of Medical Sciences (Iran) participated in the fieldwork phase. Results. The antecedents of the concept of nurse autonomy in ICUs were: empowerment of the workforce, organizational platform, and social and individual views of the profession. Its attributes were professionalism and high personal capabilities. Finally, increased personal competencies, promotion of quality of care, improved attitudes towards the profession and professional outcomes were noted as consequences. Conclusion. The autonomy of nurses in the ICU can facilitate their empowerment, which translates into the promotion of their caring behaviours, followed by the improvement of patient outcomes and quality of care.

Objetivo. Analizar el concepto de autonomía entre las enfermeras de la Unidad de Cuidados Intensivos (UCI).Métodos. Para este estudio se utilizó el enfoque de modelo híbrido propuesto por Schwartz-Barcott y Kim que incluye las fases: teórica, de trabajo de campo y analítica. Para las fases teórica y de trabajo de campo se utilizaron las etapas de Graneheim y Lundman y la lista de comprobación CORE-Q, y los resultados se combinaron en la fase de análisis final. Para la fase teórica se identificaron 46 artículos relacionados, dos instrumentos y cuatro libros tras utilizar una estrategia de búsqueda en 7 bases de datos bibliográficas en inglés y otra en persa con los términos MESH: 'nursing', 'autonomy' e 'intensive care'. La información extraída en la fase teórica sirvió de base para el diseño de las preguntas que se utilizaron en las entrevistas semiestructuradas de la fase de trabajo de campo. En esta última fase participaron ocho enfermeras con experiencia en UCI que trabajaban en hospitales afiliados a la Universidad de Ciencias Médicas de Isfahan (Irán). Resultados. Los antecedentes del concepto de autonomía de las enfermeras en las Unidades de UCI fueron: el empoderamiento de la fuerza de trabajo, la plataforma organizativa y las opiniones sociales e individuales acerca de la profesión. Sus atributos fueron el profesionalismo y las grandes capacidades personales. Por último, se señalaron como consecuencias: el incremento de las competencias personales, la promoción de la calidad de los cuidados, la mejoría de las actitudes hacia la profesión y los resultados profesionales. Conclusión. La autonomía de las enfermeras en las UCI puede facilitar su empoderamiento, lo que se traduce en la promoción de sus conductas asistenciales, seguida de la mejora de los resultados de los pacientes y de la calidad asistencial.

Objetivo. Analisar o conceito de autonomia dos enfermeiros da Unidade de Terapia Intensiva (UTI). Métodos. Este estudo foi realizado utilizando a abordagem do modelo híbrido proposto por Schwartz- Barcott e Kim, que inclui as fases teórica, de campo e analítica. As etapas de Graneheim e Lundman e o checklist CORE-Q foram utilizados nas fases teórica e de trabalho de campo, e os resultados foram combinados na fase de análise final. Para a fase teórica, foram identificados 46 artigos relacionados, dois instrumentos e quatro livros após a utilização de uma estratégia de busca em 7 bases bibliográficas em inglês e outra em persa com os termos MESH: 'nursing', 'autonomy' e 'intensive care'. As informações extraídas na fase teórica serviram de base para o desenho das questões que foram utilizadas nas entrevistas semiestruturadas da fase de trabalho de campo. Participaram desta última fase, oito enfermeiras experientes em UTI trabalhando em hospitais afiliados à Universidade de Ciências Médicas de Isfahan, no Irã.Resultados. Os antecedentes do conceito de autonomia dos enfermeiros nas Unidades de Terapia Intensiva foram: o empoderamento da força de trabalho, a plataforma organizacional e as opiniões sociais e individuais sobre a profissão. Seus atributos eram profissionalismo e grandes habilidades pessoais. Por fim, foram apontadas as seguintes consequências: o aumento das competências pessoais, a promoção da qualidade dos cuidados, a melhoria das atitudes perante a profissão e os resultados profissionais. Conclusão. A autonomia dos enfermeiros na UTI pode facilitar seu empoderamento, que se traduz na promoção de seus comportamentos assistenciais, seguida da melhoria dos resultados dos pacientes e da qualidade da assistência.

Lived Experience of Iranian Family Caregivers of Person with Tuberculosis: A Qualitative Study / Experiencia vivida de los cuidadores familiares de personas con tuberculosis: Un estudio cualitativo / Experiência vivida de cuidadores familiares de pessoas com tuberculose: um estudo qualitativo

Objective. To investigate the lived experience of family caregivers of persons with tuberculosis. Methods.In this study, the method of hermeneutic phenomenology. Data were collected through online in-depth semi-structured interviews with nine family caregivers of TB patients. The obtained data were thematically analyzed to explain the concept of home care for TB patients through van Manen's 6-step methodology. Results. After the thematic analysis, three main themes of caregivers' mental distresses, quality care stasis, and facilitated care were obtained from 944 primary codes and 11 categories. Conclusion.Family caregivers of these patients suffer from mental distress. This issue affects the quality and ease of caregiving for these patients. Therefore, policymakers of this area should pay attention to the family caregivers of these patients and attempt to provide support; they should try to improve their quality of life.

Objetivo. Investigar la experiencia vivida por los cuidadores familiares de personas con tuberculosos. Métodos. En este estudio se utilizó el método de la fenomenología hermenéutica. Los datos se recogieron mediante entrevistas semiestructuradas en línea con nueve cuidadores familiares de pacientes con tuberculosis. Los datos obtenidos se analizaron temáticamente para explicar el concepto de atención domiciliaria a los pacientes con TB mediante la metodología de 6 pasos de van Manen. Resultados. Tras el análisis temático, se obtuvieron tres temas principales: angustia mental de los cuidadores, estancamiento de la atención de calidad y facilitación de la atención, a partir de 944 códigos primarios y 11 categorías. Conclusión.Los cuidadores familiares de estos pacientes sufren de distrés sicológico. Este problema afecta la calidad y la facilidad con que se brinda el cuidado. Por lo tanto, los responsables de la política en salud deben prestar atención a los cuidadores familiares de estos pacientes para proporcionarles más apoyo, lo que redundará en una mejoría de su calidad de vida.

Objetivo.Investigar a experiência vivida por cuidadores familiares de pessoas com tuberculose.Métodos.Neste estudo foi utilizado o método da fenomenologia hermenêutica. Os dados foram coletados por meio de entrevistas semiestruturadas online com nove cuidadores familiares de pacientes com tuberculose. Os dados obtidos foram analisados tematicamente para explicar o conceito de atenção domiciliar aos pacientes com TB utilizando a metodologia de 6 etapas de van Manen. Resultado S. Após a análise temática, três temas principais ­ sofrimento mental dos cuidadores, estagnação do cuidado de qualidade e facilitação do cuidado ­ foram derivados de 944 códigos primários e 11 categorias. Conclusão. Os cuidadores familiares desses pacientes sofrem de sofrimento psíquico. Essa questão afeta a qualidade e a facilidade com que os cuidados são prestados a esses pacientes. Portanto, os responsáveis pela política de saúde devem estar atentos aos cuidadores familiares desses pacientes para dar-lhes mais suporte, o que resultará em uma melhora em sua qualidade de vida.