RESUMEN
Like most emerging infectious disease viruses, HIV is also of zoonotic origin. To assess the risk for cross-species transmission of simian immunodeficiency viruses (SIVs) from nonhuman primates to humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo, we collected 330 samples derived from nonhuman primate bushmeat at 3 remote forest sites. SIV prevalences were estimated by using a novel high-throughput assay that included 34 HIV and SIV antigens in a single well. Overall, 19% of nonhuman primate bushmeat was infected with SIVs, and new SIV lineages were identified. Highest SIV prevalences were seen in red-tailed guenons (25%) and Tshuapa red colobus monkeys (24%), representing the most common hunted primate species, thus increasing the likelihood for cross-species transmission. Additional studies are needed to determine whether other SIVs crossed the species barrier. With the newly developed assay, large-scale screening against many antigens is now easier and faster.
Asunto(s)
Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Anticuerpos Anti-VIH/sangre , Inmunoensayo/métodos , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/inmunología , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Colobus , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/epidemiología , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/transmisión , Enfermedades Transmisibles Emergentes/veterinaria , Reacciones Cruzadas , ADN de Forma Z/genética , República Democrática del Congo/epidemiología , Variación Genética , Antígenos VIH/genética , Infecciones por VIH/epidemiología , Infecciones por VIH/transmisión , Infecciones por VIH/veterinaria , VIH-1/genética , VIH-1/inmunología , Ensayos Analíticos de Alto Rendimiento/métodos , Humanos , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Filogenia , Primates/virología , Proteínas de los Retroviridae/genética , Proteínas de los Retroviridae/inmunología , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/epidemiología , Síndrome de Inmunodeficiencia Adquirida del Simio/transmisión , Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia de los Simios/genética , Especificidad de la Especie , Zoonosis/epidemiología , Zoonosis/transmisiónRESUMEN
Four types of human T cell lymphotropic viruses (HTLV) have been described (HTLV-1 to HTLV-4) with three of them having closely related simian virus analogues named STLV-1, -2, and -3. To assess the risk of cross-species transmissions of STLVs from nonhuman primates to humans in the Democratic Republic of Congo, a total of 330 samples, derived from primate bushmeat, were collected at remote forest sites where people rely on bushmeat for subsistence. STLV prevalences and genetic diversity were estimated by PCR and sequence analysis of tax-rex and LTR fragments. Overall, 7.9% of nonhuman primate bushmeat is infected with STLVs. We documented new STLV-1 and STLV-3 variants in six out of the seven species tested and showed for the first time STLV infection in C. mona wolfi, C. ascanius whitesidei, L. aterrimus aterrimus, C. angolensis, and P. tholloni. Our results provide increasing evidence that the diversity and geographic distribution of PTLVs are much greater than previously thought.