RESUMEN
Smoothened (Smo) antagonists are emerging as new therapies for the treatment of neoplasias with aberrantly reactivated hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. A novel series of 4-[3-(quinolin-2-yl)-1,2,4-oxadiazol-5-yl]piperazinyl ureas as smoothened antagonists was recently described, herein the series has been further optimized through the incorporation of a basic amine into the urea. This development resulted in identification of some exceptionally potent smoothened antagonists with low serum shifts, however, reductive ring opening on the 1,2,4-oxadiazole in rats limits the applicability of these compounds in in vivo studies.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/farmacología , Piperazinas/farmacología , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/química , Estructura Molecular , Piperazinas/síntesis química , Piperazinas/química , Receptor Smoothened , Estereoisomerismo , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMPs) are potential game changers in modern medical care with an anticipated major impact for patients and society. They are a new drug class often referred to as "living drugs," and are based on complex components such as vectors, cells and even tissues. The production of such ATMPs involves innovative biotechnological methods. In this survey, we have assessed the perception of European citizens regarding ATMPs and health care in Europe, in relation to other important topics, such as safety and security, data protection, climate friendly energy supply, migration, and others. A crucial question was to determine to what extent European citizens wish to support public funding of innovations in healthcare and reimbursement strategies for ATMPs. To answer this, we conducted an online survey in 13 European countries (representative of 85.3% of the entire EU population including the UK in 2020), surveying a total of 7,062 European citizens. The survey was representative with respect to adult age groups and gender in each country. Healthcare had the highest ranking among important societal topics. We found that 83% of the surveyed EU citizens were in support of more public funding of technologies in the field of ATMPs. Interestingly, 74% of respondents are in support of cross-border healthcare for patients with rare diseases to receive ATMP treatments and 61% support the reimbursement of very expensive ATMPs within the European health care system despite the current lack of long-term efficacy data. In conclusion, healthcare is a top ranking issue for European Citizens, who additionally support funding of new technologies to enable the wider application of ATMPs in Europe.
RESUMEN
We report the synthesis and biological evaluation of N-[(1-aryl-1H-indazol-5-yl)methyl]amide derivatives as Smoothened antagonists and inhibitors of the Hedgehog pathway. Identification of the lead structure 1 by HTS, followed by SAR study on the amide and aryl portions led to the discovery of antagonists with nanomolar activity.
Asunto(s)
Amidas/síntesis química , Indazoles/síntesis química , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/antagonistas & inhibidores , Receptores Acoplados a Proteínas G/química , Amidas/farmacología , Catálisis , Línea Celular , Química Farmacéutica/métodos , Técnicas Químicas Combinatorias/métodos , Diseño de Fármacos , Evaluación Preclínica de Medicamentos , Humanos , Indazoles/farmacología , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Modelos Químicos , Transducción de Señal , Receptor Smoothened , Relación Estructura-ActividadRESUMEN
As part of an ongoing medicinal chemistry effort to identify novel nucleoside inhibitors of HCV NS5B polymerase, we report the discovery of a novel series of 2'-C-Methyl-ribose nucleoside derivatives bearing a 7-aryl and 7-heteroaryl- substituted 7-deaza-adenine nucleobase. A reliable platform for the synthesis and simplified purification of the corresponding nucleoside triphosphates (NTPs) was established, enabling a solid understanding of the SAR relationship within the series. By this approach, we identified the novel analogs 13a and 13b that demonstrated micromolar levels of cellular activity, and the NTPs of which, 16a and 16b, are excellent inhibitors of NS5B with IC(50) = 0.1 µM, a level of intrinsic potency similar to that of previous and current clinical candidates.
Asunto(s)
Antivirales/química , Antivirales/farmacología , Hepacivirus/efectos de los fármacos , Nucleósidos/química , Nucleósidos/farmacología , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Dominio Catalítico , Activación Enzimática/efectos de los fármacos , Hepacivirus/enzimología , Humanos , Concentración 50 Inhibidora , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Simulación del Acoplamiento Molecular , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/química , ARN Polimerasa Dependiente del ARN/metabolismo , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/química , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/metabolismo , Replicación Viral/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
Our laboratories recently reported the discovery of P2-P4 macrocyclic inhibitors of HCV NS3/4A protease, characterized by high levels of potency and liver exposure. Within this novel class of inhibitors, we here describe the identification of a structurally diverse series of compounds featuring a 2-amino-1,3-thiazole as replacement of the carbamate in P4. Optimization studies focused on structural modifications in the P3, P2, and P1 regions of the macrocycle as well as on the linker chain and resulted in the discovery of several analogues characterized by excellent levels of enzyme and cellular activity. Among these, compound 59 displayed an attractive pharmacokinetic profile in preclinical species and showed sustained liver levels following oral administration in rats.
Asunto(s)
Carbamatos/química , Proteínas Portadoras/antagonistas & inhibidores , Hepacivirus/enzimología , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/química , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/farmacología , Tiazoles/química , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Proteínas Virales/antagonistas & inhibidores , Animales , Proteínas Portadoras/química , Dominio Catalítico , Perros , Humanos , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular , Compuestos Macrocíclicos/farmacocinética , Modelos Moleculares , Inhibidores de Proteasas/química , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacocinética , Inhibidores de Proteasas/farmacología , Ratas , Proteínas no Estructurales Virales/química , Proteínas Virales/químicaRESUMEN
A nitrogen-containing superbase such as TMG was found to be an effective catalyst for the reaction between N-diphenylphosphinoyl imines and nitroalkanes. Exploiting a protocol that avoids the use of any solvent also during workup procedure, we synthesized a series of beta-nitroamines in excellent yields and high diastereomeric ratios. These results, combined with the capability of the indium in conjunction with Zn as the stoichiometric reducing agent to perform in aqueous medium reduction of the nitro group under mild reaction conditions, led us to devise a three-step, one-pot synthesis of a range of 1,2-diamines, making use of environmentally friendly procedures in the various steps.
RESUMEN
A new protocol is described for the stereocontrolled synthesis of pseudo-C(2)-symmetric core units of interest as candidates for HIV protease inhibition. Addition of unbranched and branched organolithium reagents to cyanohydrins from l-phenylalaninal and l-isoleucinal, followed by in situ reduction of the intermediate imines and CHT deprotection under MW irradiation, led to 1,3-diamino alcohols 6a and 8a as the major products in satisfactory to good yields. The first preparation of a previously unreported pseudo-C(2)-symmetric triamino derivative was accomplished expeditiously via high-yielding nitro-Mannich addition of the silylnitronate, from 2-phenyl-1-nitroethane, to the PMP imine derived from l-phenylalaninal. Reduction of the nitro group in the moderately unstable nitro diamine adduct, followed by chromatographic separation of the required diastereoisomer and CHT debenzylation under MW irradiation, led to the 2-PMP-protected triamine 19 isolated as a bis(sulfonamide).
Asunto(s)
Amino Alcoholes/síntesis química , Técnicas Químicas Combinatorias , Inhibidores de la Proteasa del VIH/síntesis química , Litio/química , Compuestos Organometálicos/química , Catálisis , Indicadores y Reactivos , Estructura Molecular , EstereoisomerismoRESUMEN
A straightforward procedure for the regio- and stereoselective synthesis of alpha-hydrazino ketones is described. Manganese enolates and manganese enamines derived from ketones and from the corresponding N-sulfinylimines react with azodicarboxylate esters (DTBAD and DEAD) in a regioselective fashion to afford in good to excellent yields the kinetic alpha-hydrazino ketones as sole or highly prevalent products. When enantiopure N-sulfinyl manganese enamines were used the stereoselectivity of these reactions ranged from 40% to 68% ee.