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In this comprehensive screening study, the chemical composition, and cytotoxic, antimicrobial, and anticholinergic activities of the green algae Penicillus capitatus, collected from Antalya-Türkiye, were determined as in vitro and in silico. GC-MS analysis of the hexane extract revealed a high content of fatty acids, with hexadecanoic acid constituting half of the total fatty acid content. LC-HRMS analysis of the DCM:MeOH extract identified ascorbic acid as the most abundant compound, followed by (-)-epigallocatechin and salicylic acid. The DCM:MeOH extract exhibited potent cytotoxicity against MDA-MB-231 and MCF7 breast cancer cell lines, outperforming doxorubicin with lower IC50 values and a higher selectivity index. Additionally, the extract demonstrated significant antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans, along with selective inhibition of acetylcholinesterase (hAChE) over butyrylcholinesterase (hBChE). Molecular docking and dynamics studies revealed that apigenin-7-O-glucoside and epigallocatechin form stable interactions with estrogen receptor alpha (ERα) and hAChE, suggesting their potential as inhibitors. In silico ADME studies indicated favorable pharmacokinetic profiles for the detected compounds, supporting their potential as drug candidates. The promising cytotoxic activity of the P. capitatus extracts, coupled with significant antimicrobial properties and selective hAChE inhibition, highlights their therapeutic potential for breast cancer treatment, infection management, and neurodegenerative disease intervention.
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The gold standard in the definitive diagnosis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) is nucleic acid amplification tests (NAAT) due to their high sensitivity and specificity in detecting viral ribonucleic acid. However, while leaving two years behind in the pandemic, resources have come to the point of exhaustion in terms of both the economy and the manpower working in the field of health services. Therefore, the need for rapid, simple and accurate tests to diagnose SARS-CoV-2 infection continues. In this study, it was aimed to compare the performance characteristics of SARS-CoV-2 rapid antigen tests (RAgT) in the diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) cases with the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) method. In Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine COVID-19 Molecular Diagnosis Laboratory, SARS-CoV-2 RNA positive respiratory tract samples with viral loads of <25 Ct (cycle of treshold), 25-29 Ct, 30-35 Ct and 35Asunto(s)
COVID-19
, COVID-19/diagnóstico
, Humanos
, ARN Viral/análisis
, SARS-CoV-2
, Sensibilidad y Especificidad
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We aimed to detect EBV/Hp (Epstein-Barr Virus/Helicobacter pylori) co-infection by determining the number of copies of EBV/EBER-1 in the gastric biopsy samples of the Hp (+) GC, peptic ulcer (PU), and non-ulcer dyspepsia (NUD) cases. The patient group (PG), with 34 patients (34 GC and 30 PU patients) and a control group with 40 NUD cases were included. All patients and controls were Hp positive. EBV/EBNA-1 IgG were measured by the Anti-EBNA-1 ELISA IgG kit. Determination and quantification of EBV/EBER-1 gene region was performed by qPCR. EBV/EBER-1 positivity was 35.29% (12/34), 6.6% (2/30) and 2.5% (1/40) in GC, PU and 40 NUD cases, respectively. A significant difference was found between the GC and NUD cases (p=0.001). A significant difference was found between the groups for mean EBV/EBER-1 copy numbers (p=0.019). No significant difference was found between GC and the NUD cases (p=0.1455) for EBV/EBNA-1 IgG antibody positivity. EBV/EBER-1 positivity (OR=3.319), and age ≥55 years old (OR=2.331) were found to be a significant in multivariate logistic regression. In conclusion, our data suggest that the GC risk by EBVand Hp co-infection increased 3.3 times.
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Coinfección , Infecciones por Virus de Epstein-Barr , Helicobacter pylori , Neoplasias Gástricas , Herpesvirus Humano 4 , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , ÚlceraRESUMEN
Following the emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS CoV-2) and using only PCR for diagnosis, antibody tests have been rapidly developed by various commercial companies. There are differences between the sensitivity and specificity of these tests due to the usage of different viral target proteins and antibody subclasses. In order to evaluate the diagnostic use of these tests, we aimed to examine the diagnostic performance, especially sensitivity and specificity, of SARS-CoV-2 IgM, IgA and IgG tests of various companies (Abbott, Roche, Euroimmun, Dia.Pro, Anshlabs, Vircell, UnScience and RedCell), which have different principles (ECLIA/CLIA, EIA, LFA). Current (n= 180) and past (n= 180) COVID-19 patients with clinical and molecular diagnosis of COVID-19 admitted to Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Faculty of Medicine Hospital, Pandemic Polyclinic with suspected COVID-19 infection, were included in our study. The patients admitted within the first 3 weeks after the onset of symptoms were included in the current patient group, and those admitted at the third and after the third week were included in the past patient group. Serum samples (n= 180) obtained from Istanbul Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Training and Research Hospital, Blood Center between April and June 2018 before the COVID-19 pandemic were included in the study as a control group. All the tests included in our study were studied with the recommendations of the manufacturer companies. Between the IgG detection tests with different principles in patients with past COVID-19, the sensitivity and specificity values of the most effective tests were; 86.7%/99.4% (Abbott), 86.1%/98.9% (Dia.Pro), 91.3%/95% (RedCell). Between the IgM detection tests with different principles in current COVID-19 patients, the sensitivity and specificity values were; 67.8%/99.4% (Abbott), 68.9%/98.6% (Vircell), 50%/97.5% (RedCell). Abbott IgM with a kappa coefficient of 0.67 and Vircell IgM + IgA test with a kappa coefficient of 0.65 showed the best fit in patients with current COVID-19 infection. In patients with past COVID-19, Abbott IgG with 0.86 kappa coefficient and Dia.Pro IgG test with 0.85 kappa coefficient showed the best match. Due to the low sensitivity of IgM detection antibody tests, they should not be preferred instead of real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction in routine diagnosis. IgG detection tests may be preferred to detect the antibody response and the titers in people who have had COVID-19 for population seroprevalence and especially therapeutic immune plasma production. However, it is thought that the combined use of both ECLIA/CLIA-based and EIA/ELISA-based tests together may be more effective in routine use for SARS-CoV-2 IgG tests.
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COVID-19 , Infecciones por Coronavirus , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Humanos , Inmunoglobulina M , Pandemias , SARS-CoV-2 , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Estudios SeroepidemiológicosRESUMEN
Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is involved in the etiology of gastric cancer (GC). miRNAs are short RNAs that regulate gene expression by marking mRNAs for degradation. miRNAs are involved in tumorigenesis, metastasis, and cell proliferation. We aimed to investigate the miRNA expression profiles of tissues from H. pylori (+) and (-) GC patients. Forty GC patients, 20 H. pylori (+) and 20 H. pylori (-), and a healthy control group were included. The miRNA expression levels were investigated by microarrays and quantitative RT-PCR. We detected 9 upregulated and 4 downregulated miRNAs by microarray. We selected 5 upregulated and 5 downregulated miRNAs for the quantitative RT-PCR assay. The relative fold changes of miRNAs in the cancerous tissue and non-tumor mucosa specimens of H. pylori (+) GC patients for hsa-miR-194 were 4.24- and 3.83-fold higher, respectively, whereas the hsa-miR-145 expression levels were downregulated 0.33-fold and 0.43-fold, respectively, in the same group. The presence of H. pylori significantly upregulated hsa-miR-194 and downregulated hsa-miR-145 expression levels in H. pylori (+) GC cases, compared to H. pylori (-) GC cases. Regional differences in the virulence of H. pylori strains may also be involved in the up- or downregulation of miRNA expression levels.
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Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , MicroARNs , Neoplasias Gástricas , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Helicobacter pylori/fisiología , Humanos , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias Gástricas/etiología , Neoplasias Gástricas/microbiología , TurquíaRESUMEN
Adenovirus 36 (Ad-36) has recently been suggested as a possible contributor to the current obesity epidemic. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Ad-36 antibodies in obese children, as well as investigate the role of serum leptin and lipid levels in Ad-36-obesity. Seventy-one obese children and 62 non-obese children were included as the patient group (PG), including the healthy control group (HCG), respectively. Simultaneously, Ad-36 antibodies and adipokine levels were assessed with serum neutralization assays (SNA) and ELISA. Ad-36 antibody was detected in 9 patients (12.7%) and 1 patient (1.6%) in both the PG and HCG, respectively, while a significant difference was detected between groups (p < 0.05). Although serum LDL, total cholesterol, triglycerides and leptin levels were detected significantly higher, adiponectin level was detected paradoxically lower in the PG. However, a significant difference was not detected for lipids and leptin levels; adiponectin levels were found to be significantly lower in Ad-36 antibody-positive PG (p < 0.05). In conclusion, we suggest there is an association between Ad-36 and obesity in children, including IL-6 levels increasing in obese children with Ad-36 seropositivity. Conversely, adiponectin levels in obese children with Ad-36 seropositivity were higher. As such, there is a need for studies to understand the mechanisms underlying this observation.
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Adenovirus Humanos/inmunología , Adipoquinas/sangre , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Obesidad/sangre , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/virología , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/complicaciones , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/virología , Adiponectina/sangre , Adolescente , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Niño , Colesterol/sangre , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Interleucina-6/sangre , Leptina/sangre , Lípidos/sangre , Masculino , Pruebas de Neutralización , Prevalencia , Factores de Riesgo , Triglicéridos/sangre , TurquíaRESUMEN
Obesity which developes due to multifactorial reasons, was associated recently with human Adenovirus-36 (Ad-36). The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence of Ad-36 antibodies in obese adults and also to investigate the DNA of Ad-36 in their adipose tissue. In this cross-sectional and case-control based study, 49 obese adults, with BMI ≥ 30 kg/m(2), and 49 non-obese adults, with BMI ≤ 25 kg/m(2), applied for esthetic purposes and were included in this study as patient and control groups, respectively. Adipose tissue samples, obtained by the lipoaspiration method, were studied by single-step PCR and nested-PCR methods. Simultaneously, the presence of Ad-36 antibodies and serum leptin and adiponectin levels were assessed by serum neutralization assay (SNA) and ELISA, respectively. Serum samples which didn't cause a cytopathic effect at ≥ 1:8 were accepted as positive. Ad-36 antibody was detected in 6 (12.2%) of 49 patients by SNA and was statistically significant (p < 0.05). Ad-36 DNA was not detected in any of the adipose tissue samples of the patient or control groups. Mean BMI and leptin levels were higher in the Ad-36-positive group, while adiponectin levels were found to be lower in the Ad-36-positive group. Although no statistically significant difference was found in cholesterol and triglyceride levels between the two groups (p > 0.05), lower mean serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels were found in the Ad-36-positive patients. In conclusion, we couldn't detect Ad-36 DNA in adipose tissue; however, we detected significantly higher Ad-36 antibody levels in the obese group compared to the non-obese group, according to the both univariant and multivariant analyses, suggesting that Ad-36 may play a role in obesity. There is a need for new and extended serial, particularly cohort and human-based, studies in order to have a clear understanding of the Ad-36-obesity relationship.
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Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/complicaciones , Infecciones por Adenovirus Humanos/virología , Adenovirus Humanos/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Obesidad/epidemiología , Obesidad/virología , Tejido Adiposo/virología , Adulto , Animales , Índice de Masa Corporal , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Estudios Transversales , ADN Viral/genética , ADN Viral/aislamiento & purificación , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Pruebas de Neutralización , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa , Factores de Riesgo , Estudios Seroepidemiológicos , TurquíaRESUMEN
The study aimed to evaluate the effect of booster dose COVID-19 vaccines on prevention and humoral immune response in individuals with different vaccination schemes during the period BA.4 and BA.5 omicron sub-variants were globally dominant. The study included 146 individuals who preferred different vaccination schemes for booster doses. Anti-spike/RBD-IgG and neutralizing antibody levels were measured 28 days after the booster dose vaccination upon their consent. There is no significant difference between median antibody titers detected according to different vaccination schemes. SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody inhibition percentages were detected significantly higher in serum samples before and after the last booster dose in 2 BNT162b2+1 BNT162b2(99.42 %), 2 BNT162b2 + 2 BNT162b2(99.42 %), and 2 BNT162b2 + 3 BNT162b2(99.42 %) vaccination schemes (p = 0.004, p = 0.044, p = 0.002,respectively). The study indicated that a booster vaccination dose provides a high level of protection against severe COVID-19 and death. We think that the variant-specific pancoronavirus vaccines will be necessary to protect against breakthrough infections.
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Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Inmunización Secundaria , SARS-CoV-2 , Humanos , COVID-19/prevención & control , COVID-19/inmunología , Anticuerpos Antivirales/sangre , Masculino , Femenino , SARS-CoV-2/inmunología , Estudios Prospectivos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/inmunología , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/administración & dosificación , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes/sangre , Adulto , Vacuna BNT162/inmunología , Vacuna BNT162/administración & dosificación , Anciano , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Vacunación , Glicoproteína de la Espiga del Coronavirus/inmunología , Formación de Anticuerpos/inmunologíaRESUMEN
INTRODUCTION: Obesity and aging negatively affect the immune system and host defense mechanisms, increasing vulnerability to and worsening prognosis of infectious diseases, leading to vaccine failure. Our aim was to investigate the antibody response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike antigens and the risk factors affecting antibody levels in elderly patients living with obesity (PwO) after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) administration. METHODS: One hundred twenty-three consecutive elderly patients with obesity (age ≥65 years, body mass index [BMI] ≥30 kg/m2) and 47 adults with obesity (age 18-64 years, BMI ≥30 kg/m2) admitted between August and November 2021 were enrolled. Seventy-five nonobese elderly people (age ≥65 years, BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2) and 105 nonobese adults (age 18-64 years, BMI 18.5-29.9 kg/m2) were recruited from subjects who visited the Vaccination Unit. SARS-CoV-2 spike protein antibody titers were measured in patients with obesity and nonobese controls who received two doses of CoronaVac. RESULTS: SARS-CoV-2 levels of patients with obesity were found to be significantly lower than those of nonobese elderly individuals who had non-prior infection. There was no difference in SARS-CoV-2 levels between patients with obesity and nonobese individuals with prior infection. Age and SARS-CoV-2 level were found to be highly correlated in the correlation analysis in the group of elderly individuals (r: -0.184). In multivariate regression analysis, when SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin class G (IgG) was regressed on age, sex, BMI, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and hypertension (HT), HT was found to be an independent factor of the SARS-CoV-2 level (ß: -2,730). CONCLUSION: In the non-prior infection group, elderly patients with obesity generated significantly reduced antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen after CoronaVac vaccine compared to nonobese people. It is anticipated that the results obtained will provide invaluable information about SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. Antibody titers may be measured, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in elderly PwO for optimal protection.
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COVID-19 , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 2 , Hipertensión , Adulto , Anciano , Humanos , Adolescente , Adulto Joven , Persona de Mediana Edad , Formación de Anticuerpos , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Obesidad/complicaciones , Vacunación , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
In this study, 13 new hybrid compounds (7a-m) were synthesised starting from ursolic acid, and their cytotoxic activities were investigated on the BEAS-2B and A549 cell lines. In addition, the synthesised compounds were tested against Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, and Candida albicans to determine their anti-microbial properties. The hybrid compounds that exhibited the lowest cytotoxicity against the BEAS-2B were 7k, 7b, and 7g. The cytotoxicity of the compounds against A549 was evaluated, the IC50 value of 7k, 7b, and 7g are found as 0.15 µM, 0.31 µM, and 0.26 µM, respectively. The results showed that the selectivity of 7k was 7 times higher than doxorubicin against the A549 cells. According to the antimicrobial activity studies 7c is found as the most effective compound against S. aureus. Almost all compounds showed a similar inhibition potential against E. coli and C. albicans.
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Antiinfecciosos , Antineoplásicos , Estructura Molecular , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Staphylococcus aureus , Hidrazinas/farmacología , Escherichia coli , Pruebas de Sensibilidad Microbiana , Candida albicans , Antineoplásicos/farmacología , Antiinfecciosos/farmacología , Antibacterianos/farmacología , Ácido UrsólicoRESUMEN
AIMS: Despite high vaccination rates, increasing case numbers continue to be reported with the identification of new variants of concern, and the issue of durability of the vaccine-induced immune response remains hot topic. Real-life data regarding time-dependent immunogenicity of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines are scarce. We aimed to investigate the changes in the antibody at the different times after the second dose of the CoronaVac vaccine. METHODS: The study included 175 HCWs vaccinated with inactive CoronaVac (Sinovac Life Sciences, China) SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in two doses. Anti-spike/RBD IgG levels were measured first, third, and sixth months after the second dose. Chemiluminescent microparticle immunoassay (IgG II Quant test, Abbott, USA), which is 100% compatible with plaque reduction neutralization test, was used. RESULTS: Mean age of the participants was 38 ± 11.23 years (range between 22 and 66) of whom 119 (63.9%) were female, and 56 (32%) were male. Dramatic reductions were demonstrated in median antibody levels particularly in the infection-naïve group, comprising 138 HCWs compared to those with prior history of COVID-19 infection (n = 37) (p < 0.001). There was no difference between the two groups in terms of age, gender, blood groups, BMI, and comorbid diseases. CONCLUSIONS: While antibody positivity remained above 90% in the 6th month after two doses of inactivated vaccine in HCWs, the median titers of neutralizing antibodies decreased rapidly. The decrease was more rapid and significant in those with no history of prior COVID-19 infection. In this critical phase of the pandemic, where we are facing the dominance of the Omicron variant after Delta, booster doses have become vital.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Anciano , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Personal de Salud , Inmunoglobulina G , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
Real-life data are needed regarding the appropriate time and selection of vaccination strategies, homologous or heterologous. We aimed to compare neutralizing antibody levels and side effects in different vaccination schemes. The study included 310 Health Care Workers (HCWs) vaccinated with 5 different schemes. Antispike/RBD IgG levels were measured between 28 and 60 days after the last dose. Side effects in participants were recorded, and pharmacovigilance records were reviewed from the outpatient vaccine clinic. Mean age of the participants was 38 ± 11 years of whom 226 (72.9%) were female, and 84 (27.1%) were male. After booster doses, increasing antibody levels were detected in all groups. Mean antibody levels were detected to be statistically lower in 3 doses of inactivated vaccines group. The side effects were no significant difference between groups. Booster dose administration with mRNA vaccines stands out as the most accurate strategy for those at risk of contracting severe COVID-19 and HCWs caring for this population.
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COVID-19 , Efectos Colaterales y Reacciones Adversas Relacionados con Medicamentos , Femenino , Masculino , Humanos , Adulto , Persona de Mediana Edad , Vacunas contra la COVID-19/efectos adversos , COVID-19/prevención & control , Instituciones de Atención Ambulatoria , Inmunidad , Anticuerpos AntiviralesRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: The polymorphisms in the region between 58 and 62 amino acids of the 194-amino acid CagL protein (CagL hypervariable motif) affect the binding affinity of CagL to integrin α5ß1 (ITGA5B1) receptor in host epithelial cells and have an effect on the development of various gastrointestinal diseases. We aimed to evaluate the associations of gastroduodenal pathologies, with the polymorphisms of cagL gene of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) and also associations between vacA genotypes and cagL polymorphisms. METHODS: A total of 19 gastric cancer, 16 duodenal ulcer, and 26 non-ulcer dyspepsia patients were included in this case-control study. All cases had H. pylori. A fragment of 651 bp from gene cagL (hp0539) and cagA, vacA genes was amplified by polymerase chain reaction. Purified polymerase chain reaction products were sequenced by Sanger sequencing, and nucleotide sequences were translated into amino acid sequences. RESULTS: All of the H. pylori strains had cagL and cagA genes. In the 16 (84%) gastric cancer cases, the D58 amino acid polymorphism was significant than the 4 (15.4%) duodenal ulcer cases (P = .029), and the D58/K59 amino acid polymorphism was significant in 12 (63.1%) of the gastric cancer cases than 1 (3.85%) duodenal ulcer case (P = .008). D58/K59 and DKIGQ (n = 10; 52.63%) were the most common polymorphisms in the gastric cancer and were associated with the vacA genotype s1/m2, respectively (P = .022 and P = .008). The D58/K59 amino acid polymorphism was found to have a significant Odds Ratio (OR) value of 8.9 (P = .0017) in multivariate logistic regression analysis. CONCLUSIONS: The risk of gastric cancer development is 8.9 times higher with D58/K59 polymorphism.
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Úlcera Duodenal , Infecciones por Helicobacter , Helicobacter pylori , Neoplasias Gástricas , Humanos , Proteínas Bacterianas/genética , Helicobacter pylori/genética , Úlcera Duodenal/genética , Úlcera Duodenal/complicaciones , Neoplasias Gástricas/genética , Neoplasias Gástricas/complicaciones , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Genotipo , Aminoácidos/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/complicaciones , Infecciones por Helicobacter/genética , Infecciones por Helicobacter/patología , Antígenos Bacterianos/genéticaRESUMEN
This study aimed to evaluate the performance characteristics of a rapid antigen test developed to detect SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19), influenza A virus (IAV), and influenza B virus (IBV) (flu) compared with those of the real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) method. One hundred SARS-CoV-2, one hundred IAV, and twenty-four IBV patients whose diagnoses were confirmed by clinical and laboratory methods were included in the patient group. Seventy-six patients, who were negative for all respiratory tract viruses, were included as the control group. The Panbio™ COVID-19/Flu A&B Rapid Panel test kit was used in the assays. The sensitivity values of the kit were 97.5%, 97.9%, and 33.33% for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV, respectively, in samples with a viral load below 20 Ct values. The sensitivity values of the kit were 16.7%, 36.5%, and 11.11% for SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV, respectively, in samples with a viral load above 20 Ct. The kit's specificity was 100%. In conclusion, this kit demonstrated high sensitivity to SARS-CoV-2 and IAV for viral loads below 20 Ct values, but the sensitivity values were not compatible with PCR positivity for lower viral loads over 20 Ct values. Rapid antigen tests may be preferred as a routine screening tool in communal environments, especially in symptomatic individuals, when diagnosing SARS-CoV-2, IAV, and IBV with high caution.
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INTRODUCTION: The aim of this study was to investigate the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigens and the risk factors affecting antibody levels in people living with obesity (PwO) after inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac) administration. METHODS: 169 consecutive patients with obesity who visited the Center for Obesity Management at Istanbul University-Cerrahpasa, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty Hospitals, between May and August 2021, were invited to the study. The nonobese control group was recruited from 191 subjects who visited the Cerrahpasa Hospitals Vaccination Unit. The study group and the nonobese control group have already received two doses of inactive SARS-CoV-2 vaccine. The SARS-CoV-2 IgG nucleocapsid antibody test was administered to patients and control subjects to discover those who had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Forty-one patients who had prior infection and received two doses of vaccine were also included in the study as a subgroup. Blood samples were taken on the 3rd to 4th week after the second vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were determined by quantitative serological methods. RESULTS: Antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen of individuals with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than those with BMI <30 kg/m2 (p = 0.001) in the study group. Moreover, the antibody titers in people with BMI ≥30.0 kg/m2 were significantly lower than in those having a BMI <30.0 kg/m2 in the subgroup (p = 0.03). Age (p = 0.03), BMI (p = 0.006), and hypertension (p = 0.03) were found to be independent risk factors for antibody response in PwO. Women with non-prior SARS-CoV-2 infection showed a significantly higher antibody response then men (p = 0.001). CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2-Immunoglobulin G antibody levels against inactive (CoronaVac) vaccine were found to be lower in PwO compared to nonobese individuals. Antibody titers may be measured, and booster doses should be delivered accordingly in PwO for optimal protection.
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COVID-19 , Vacunas , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Seroconversión , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Inmunoglobulina G , Vacunación , Factores de Riesgo , ObesidadRESUMEN
This study aimed to determine the anti-S (receptor binding protein) RBD IgG antibody titers formed against Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) and the neutralizing antibody inhibition percentages (nAb IH%) in blood samples taken after two doses of inactive or mRNA-based vaccine and a booster dose. Volunteers with two doses of inactivated CoronaVac (heterologous group; n = 75) and BioNTech (BNT)162b2 mRNA vaccine (homologous group; n = 75) were included in this study. All participants preferred the BNT162b2 vaccine as a booster dose. First, peripheral blood samples were taken 3 months after the second vaccine dose. Second, peripheral blood samples were taken 1 month after the booster dose. Anti-S-RBD IgG titers were determined by CMIA (SARS-CoV-2 IgG II Quant). Neutralizing antibodies were detected by a surrogate neutralization assay (SARS-CoV-2 NeutraLISA, Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The median age of the volunteers was 40 (IQR 29-47) years old. After the heterologous booster dose, anti-S-RBD IgG levels and neutralizing antibodies increased approximately 50-fold and 9-fold, respectively. Anti-S-RBD IgG titers increased by 9 and 57 times, respectively, while nAb IH% increased by 1.5 and 16 times, respectively, among those with heterologous reminder doses and those with and without a prior history of coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study showed that after the administration of a heterologous booster dose with BNT162b2 to those whose primary vaccination was with inactivated CoronaVac, the binding and neutralizing antibody levels were similar to those who received a homologous BNT162b2 booster dose. It was observed that the administration of heterologous and homologous booster doses resulted in the development of similar levels of neutralizing antibodies, independently from a prior history of COVID-19.
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INTRODUCTION: Although lower than general population, newly developed SARS-CoV-2 vaccines generate immune responses in end-stage kidney disease patients. However, the persistence of immune responses in the long term is not known yet. This study aimed to evaluate humoral immune responses in peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients over 6 months and to analyze the effects of the booster dose. METHODS: Humoral immune responses of PD patients were measured after initial SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations and after 6 months following initial vaccinations. Immune responses were compared between patients who received and did not receive booster doses. PD patients were compared with 41 hemodialysis (HD) patients and 61 healthy controls. Humoral immune responses were measured by a commercial test that detects antibodies toward the receptor-binding domain of the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2. RESULTS: Twenty PD patients were evaluated over 6 months. The initial seropositivity rate was 90.9% with inactivated vaccine and 100% with mRNA vaccine. Seropositivity decreased to 44.4% after 6 months, and a booster dose helped in maintaining the 100% of seropositivity (p = 0.005). Magnitude of humoral response at the 6th month was also higher in patients who received the third dose (1,132.8 ± 769.6 AU/mL vs. 400.0 ± 294.6 AU/mL; p = 0.015). Among patients who did not receive the third dose, those who got mRNA vaccine could maintain higher seropositivity than others who got inactivated vaccine (75% vs. 40% for PD, 81.8% vs. 50% for HD). Seropositivity and antibody levels were similar for PD and HD patients after 6 months (p = 0.24 and 0.56) but lower than healthy controls (p = 0.0013). CONCLUSION: SARS-CoV-2 vaccine-induced antibody levels and seropositivity of PD patients significantly fall after 6 months. A booster dose after around 3 months following initial immunization might help in maintaining seropositivity.
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Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19 , Humanos , SARS-CoV-2 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas de ARNm , Inmunidad , Vacunas de Productos InactivadosRESUMEN
AIM: Obesity is a disease complicating the course of COVID-19 and SARS-CoV-2 vaccine effectiveness in adults with obesity may be compromised. Our aim is to investigate the spike-protein receptor-binding domain antibody titers against BNT162b2 mRNA and inactivated SARS-CoV-2 (CoronaVac) vaccines in people with severe obesity. It is anticipated that the results to be obtained may provide invaluable information about future SARS-CoV-2 vaccination strategies in this vulnerable population. METHODS: A total of 124 consecutive patients with severe obesity (age > 18 years, BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2) presenting between August and November 2021 were enrolled. The normal weight control group (age > 18, BMI 18.5-24.9 kg/m2) was recruited from 166 subjects who visited the vaccination unit. SARS-CoV-2 spike-protein antibody titers were measured in patients with severe obesity and in normal weight controls who received two doses of BNT162b2, or CoronaVac vaccines. SARS-CoV-2 IgG Nucleocapsid Protein antibody (NCP Ab) testing was performed to discover prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. Blood samples were taken from individuals at 4th week and after 2nd dose of vaccination. SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibody titers were determined by quantitative serological methods. RESULTS: A total of 290 individuals (220 female, 70 male) who have received two doses of BNT162b2 or CoronaVac vaccines were enrolled in the study. Seventy had prior SARS-CoV-2 infection. In 220 subjects (non-prior infection) vaccinated with BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, the antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen of patients with severe obesity were significantly lower than normal weight controls (p = 0.001, p = 0.001 respectively). In seventy subjects with prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, spike antigen antibody titers in patients with severe obesity, vaccinated with BNT162b2 or CoronaVac, were not significantly different from normal weight controls (p = 0.1, p = 0.1 respectively). In patients with severe obesity, with and without prior SARS-CoV-2 infection, spike antigen antibody levels of those vaccinated with BNT162b2 were found to be significantly higher than those vaccinated with CoronaVac (p = 0.043, p < 0.001 respectively). CONCLUSION: Patients with severe obesity generated significantly reduced antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 spike antigen after CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccines compared to people with normal weight. Antibody levels in patients with severe obesity vaccinated with BNT162b2 were found to be significantly higher than those vaccinated with CoronaVac. People living with severe obesity should be prioritized for COVID-19 vaccination and BNT162b2 vaccine may be recommended for this vulnerable population.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Obesidad Mórbida , Adulto , Anticuerpos Antivirales , Formación de Anticuerpos , Vacuna BNT162 , COVID-19/prevención & control , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Obesidad Mórbida/cirugía , SARS-CoV-2 , Proteínas del Envoltorio Viral/genéticaRESUMEN
Introduction: SARS-CoV-2 infection can lead to a life-threatening acute metabolic decompensation in children with inborn errors of metabolism (IEM), so vaccination is mandatory. However, IEMs can also impair innate or adaptive immunity, and the impact of these immune system alterations on immunogenicity and vaccine efficacy is still unknown. Here, we investigated humoral immune responses to the BNT162b2 mRNA COVID-19 vaccine and clinical outcomes in pediatric IEM patients. Methods: Fifteen patients between 12-18 years of age with a confirmed diagnosis of IEM, and received BNT162b2 were enrolled to the study. Patients with an anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration >50 AU/mL before vaccination were defined as "COVID-19 recovered" whereas patients with undetectable anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG concentration were defined as "COVID-19 naïve". Anti-SARS-CoV-2 Immunoglobulin G (IgG) and SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibody (nAb) titers were measured to assess humoral immune response. Results: Anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG titers and nAb IH% increased significantly after the first dose. The increase in antibody titers after first and second vaccination remained significant in COVID-19 naïve patients. Complete anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG seropositivity and nAb IH% positivity was observed in all patients after the second dose. Vaccination appears to be clinically effective in IEM patients, as none of the patients had COVID-19 infection within six months of the last vaccination. Discussion: Humoral immune response after two doses of BNT162b2 in pediatric IEM patients was adequate and the immune response was not different from that of healthy individuals.
Asunto(s)
COVID-19 , Errores Innatos del Metabolismo , Humanos , Niño , Vacuna BNT162 , Vacunas contra la COVID-19 , COVID-19/prevención & control , SARS-CoV-2 , Anticuerpos Neutralizantes , Vacunación , Inmunoglobulina GRESUMEN
Background: Monitoring the longevity of immunoglobulin G (IgG) responses following severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) infections is vital to understanding the role of antibodies in preventing infection. Aims: To determine the quantitative IgG responses specific to the Spike-S1 (S1) receptor-binding domain (S1/RBD) region of the virus in serum samples taken between 4 weeks and 7 months after polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positivity in patients who are diagnosed with coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Study Design: A longitudinal study. Methods: This study included 113 patients with a clinical and molecular diagnosis of COVID-19. The first and second serum samples were taken 1 and 7 months, respectively, after the PCR positivity. S1/RBD-specific IgG antibody response was assayed using anti-SARS-CoV- 2 QuantiVac ELISA (IgG) kit (Euroimmun, Lübeck, Germany). The neutralizing antibodies were investigated in 57 patients whose IgG test results were above the cut-off value. Results: In 57 patients with SARS-CoV-2 IgG, the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG quantitative antibody levels significantly decreased after 7 months (Z = −2.197, p = 0.028). A correlation was detected between the anti-SARS-CoV-2 IgG and nAb percent inhibition (IH%) levels detected in 1 month (rs = 0.496, p < 0.001), but without significant correlation in serum samples taken on 7 months. The nAb IH% levels of the first and second were compared for COVID-19 severity and revealed no statistical difference (p = 0.256). In the second serum sample, the nAb IH%s of patients with moderate COVID-19 showed a statistically significant difference from patients with mild COVID-19 (p = 0.018), but without significant differences between severe and moderate or mild COVID-19. Conclusion: SARS-CoV-2 quantitative IgG antibody titers are significantly reduced at long-term follow-up (> 6 months). Due to the limited information on seroconversion, comprehensive studies should be conducted for long-term follow-up of the immune response against SARS-CoV-2.