NaGdF4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline: an in-depth study of energy transfer processes and Judd-Ofelt analysis using the luminescence excitation spectrum.

NaGdF4 nanocrystalline doped with different concentrations of Eu3+ ions were synthesized using the precipitation method. The structure and morphology of the material were investigated through the measurements of the XRD patterns and SEM images, respectively. The optical properties of the NaGdF4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline were studied in the framework of the Judd-Ofelt theory in which the Ωλ parameters were calculated by two methods: the traditional method using the luminescence spectra and the self-referenced method using the luminescence excitation spectra. In NaGdF4:Eu3+ nanocrystalline, the Gd3+ ions in the lattice act as sensitizer centers for the luminescence of Eu3+ ions under excitation at 272 and 310 nm. The energy transfer process from Gd3+ to Eu3+ causes the emission enhancement of Eu3+ ions. Upon excitation by the characteristic wavelengths of Gd3+, the luminescence efficiency of the Eu3+ ions in NaGdF4:Eu3+ is affected by two mechanisms: the emission of Gd3+ ions and the trapping of excited energy by the Eu3+ ions. The energy transfer between Eu3+ ions was also discussed in detail. This process leads to the enhancement of the luminescence bands originating from the 5D0 level. The dominant interaction between the Eu3+ ions in the energy transfer process is the dipole-dipole mechanism, which is determined by fitting the decay curve of the 5D2 level to the Inokuti-Hirayama model.

Analyzing the variation in treatment costs for colorectal cancer (CRC): A retrospective study to assess an underlying threat among the Vietnamese.

OBJECTIVE: Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third most common, and the second deadliest, cancer documented in recent years, and numerous studies have addressed this issue. Nevertheless, little attention has been given to the CRC burden in Vietnam. Our study aims to analyze variations in cost for CRC treatments using the cost of illness (COI) method. METHODS: Utilizing medical records spanning from 2014 to 2017 supplied by a primary healthcare facility in Ho Chi Minh City, a population of 9,126 patients, diagnosed with and treated for CRC, was analyzed in terms of demographic detail and individual treatment cost. RESULTS: Among the 9,126 patients hospitalized with CRC, 3,699 patients were between the ages of 50 and 65. Colon cancer accounted for 56.4% and 60.4% of the total patients in Inpatient Department (IPD) and Outpatient Department (OPD). The total direct medical cost was calculated to be over ten million USD for IPD patients and over three million USD for OPD patients over a four year span of data. The per-patient cost was $2,741.00 (IPD) and $588.80 (OPD), with chemotherapy drugs being 53% (IPD) and 73% (OPD) of the overall treatment cost. Patients going through both treatment regimens incurred a mean cost of $4,271.20 (IPD) and $1,779.80 (OPD). CONCLUSIONS: There is a similarity in the costs of CRC treatment in developing countries in Asia. Despite many limitations, we are certain this study will be useful for future studies regarding the CRC burden in Asia in general, as well as in developing countries like Vietnam.

Application of machine learning models in predicting length of stay among healthcare workers in underserved communities in South Africa.

BACKGROUND: Human resource planning in healthcare can employ machine learning to effectively predict length of stay of recruited health workers who are stationed in rural areas. While prior studies have identified a number of demographic factors related to general health practitioners' decision to stay in public health practice, recruitment agencies have no validated methods to predict how long these health workers will commit to their placement. We aim to use machine learning methods to predict health professional's length of practice in the rural public healthcare sector based on their demographic information. METHODS: Recruitment and retention data from Africa Health Placements was used to develop machine-learning models to predict health workers' length of practice. A cross-validation technique was used to validate the models, and to evaluate which model performs better, based on their respective aggregated error rates of prediction. Length of stay was categorized into four groups for classification (less than 1 year, less than 2 years, less than 3 years, and more than 3 years). R, a statistical computing language, was used to train three machine learning models and apply 10-fold cross validation techniques in order to attain evaluative statistics. RESULTS: The three models attain almost identical results, with negligible difference in accuracy. The "best"-performing model (Multinomial logistic classifier) achieved a 47.34% [SD 1.63] classification accuracy while the decision tree model achieved an almost comparable 45.82% [SD 1.69]. The three models achieved an average AUC of approximately 0.66 suggesting sufficient predictive signal at the four categorical variables selected. CONCLUSIONS: Machine-learning models give us a demonstrably effective tool to predict the recruited health workers' length of practice. These models can be adapted in future studies to incorporate other information beside demographic details such as information about placement location and income. Beyond the scope of predicting length of practice, this modelling technique will also allow strategic planning and optimization of public healthcare recruitment.

Reducing iodinated contrast volume by manipulating injection pressure during coronary angiography.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of a device-mediated modification of the injection pressure profile on iodinated contrast volumes during coronary angiography and percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). BACKGROUND: The development of iodinated contrast-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) is associated with significant morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary angiography and intervention, particularly in the setting of ST-elevation myocardial infarction. Iodinated contrast volume is a recognized risk factor for iodinated contrast-induced AKI. Mitigation of iodinated contrast loss due to coronary iodinated contrast reflux represents a potential means to reduce iodinated contrast volume. METHOD AND RESULTS: We assessed the effectiveness of injection pressure modulation using an iodinated contrast conservation system (CCS), in 21 patients undergoing diagnostic coronary angiography or PCI. System activation was associated with a marked reduction in iodinated contrast injection compared with standard imaging (3.5 ± 1.1 vs. 5.4 ± 1.7 mL, P < 0.001). Paired images were obtained in 59 instances with significantly less iodinated contrast use with CCS use (3.3 ± 1.1 vs. 5.5 ± 1.6 mL, P < 0.001), with comparable image quality in 98% of cases. CONCLUSIONS: Modulation of iodinated contrast injection pressure provides a novel potential means to reduce iodinated contrast volumes by attenuating inefficient losses due to ostial reflux. Future studies are required to define the ability of the CCS to reduce total iodinated contrast volume and to impact upon the risk of iodinated contrast-induced AKI.

The antimicrobial activity and essential oil constituents of the leaves and trunks of Aquilaria banaensis P.H.Hô (Thymelaeceae) from Vietnam.

The aim of the present paper was to report the chemical constituents and antimicrobial activity of essential hydrodistilled from the leaves and trunk of Aquilaria banaensis P.H.Hô (Thymelaeceae) from Vietnam. The essential oils were analysed comprehensively for their constituents by using Gas chromatography coupled with Mass spectrometry (GC/MS). The antimicrobial activity was determined by agar well diffusion and broth microdilution methods. The leaf essential oil comprised mainly of sesquiterpenes while fatty acids constitutes the bulk of the trunk essential oil. The main constituents of the leaf essential oil were ß-caryophyllene (17.11%), α-selinene (10.99%), α-humulene (8.98%), ß-selinene (8.01%), ß-guaiol (6.69%) and ß-elemene (5.65%). However, hexadecanoic acid (48.46%), oleic acid (19.80%) and tetradecanoic acid (5.32%) were the major compounds identified in the trunk essential oil. The trunk essential oil displayed antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus, with the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of about 256.0 µg/mL.

Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil from Popowia pisocarpa (Bl.) Endl., Walp. Repert. (Annonaceae).

The volatile compositions and antimicrobial activity of aerial parts of Popowia pisocarpa from Vietnam were reported for the first time. From the GC/MS spectral, spathulenol (35.9%), bicyclogermacrene (5.7%) and muurola-4,10(14)-dien-1ß-ol (4.2%) among the sesquiterpenoids, along with 4,4-dimethyl-3-(3-methylbut-3-enylidene)-2-methylenebicyclo[4,1,0]heptane (17.7%), an unsaturated cyclic compound, were the main constituents of the essential oil. Monoterpenoids were not identified in the essential oil. The essential oil displayed antimicrobial activity against the Gram-negative Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 with MIC value of 16.0 µg/mL and IC50 value of 8.52 µg/mL. In addition, the essential oil also exhibited activity towards the Gram-positive bacteria of Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 13709, Bacillus subtilis ATCC 6633, and Lactobacillus fermentum N4 with MIC value of 64.0 µg/mL each and corresponding IC50 values of 11.06 µg/mL, 26.47 µg/mL and 15.68 µg/mL, respectively. The essential oil did not inhibit the growth of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15442, Salmonella enterica and the yeast Candida albicans ATCC 10231.

Chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of essential oil from the leaves of Mitrephora poilanei Weeras. & R.M.K. Saunders.

The present study provides the first information on the chemical composition and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity of the essential oil (EO) from the leaves of Mitrephora poilanei Weeras. & R.M.K.Saunders from Vietnam. Gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry analysis revealed that the main components of the M. poilanei EO were ß-caryophyllene (13.2%), α-humulene (10.5%), germacrene D (8.1%), ß-elemene (5.2%) and bicyclogermacrene (5.1%). The anti-acetylcholinesterase assay showed that the EO displayed moderate activity with IC50 value of 31.16 ± 3.06 µg/mL. These findings proposed that the plant can be exploited for its anti-acetylcholinestrate potential.

cis-[6-(Pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine](dichloride) Palladium(II)-Based Electrolyte Membrane Reactors for Partial Oxidation Methane to Methanol.

Methane is an abundant resource and the main constituent of natural gas. It can be converted into higher value-added products and as a subproduct of electricity co-generation. The application of polymer electrolyte reactors for the partial oxidation of methane to methanol to co-generate power and chemical products is a topic of great interest for gas and petroleum industries, especially with the use of materials with a lower amount of metals, such as palladium complex. In this study, we investigate the ideal relationship between cis-[6-(pyridin-2-yl)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine(dichloride)palladium(II)] (Pd-complex) nanostructure and carbon to obtain a stable, conductive, and functional reagent diffusion electrode. The physical and structural properties of the material were analyzed by Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) and Raman spectroscopies, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The electrocatalytic activity studies revealed that the most active proportion was 20% of Pd-complex supported on carbon (m/m), which was measured with lower values of open-circuit and power density but with higher efficiency in methanol production with reaction rates of r = 4.2 mol L-1·h-1 at 0.05 V.

How social learning amplifies moral outrage expression in online social networks.

Moral outrage shapes fundamental aspects of social life and is now widespread in online social networks. Here, we show how social learning processes amplify online moral outrage expressions over time. In two preregistered observational studies on Twitter (7331 users and 12.7 million total tweets) and two preregistered behavioral experiments (N = 240), we find that positive social feedback for outrage expressions increases the likelihood of future outrage expressions, consistent with principles of reinforcement learning. In addition, users conform their outrage expressions to the expressive norms of their social networks, suggesting norm learning also guides online outrage expressions. Norm learning overshadows reinforcement learning when normative information is readily observable: in ideologically extreme networks, where outrage expression is more common, users are less sensitive to social feedback when deciding whether to express outrage. Our findings highlight how platform design interacts with human learning mechanisms to affect moral discourse in digital public spaces.

Chemical composition and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil from the leaves of Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) Swingle from Vietnam.

The oil from the leaves of Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) Swingle was obtained by hydrodistillation and investigated by gas chromatography combined with mass spectrometry (GC/MS), the anti-inflammatory effect of the oil was examined on a LPS-induced RAW264.7 cells. An aggregate of forty components were identified, representing 93.0% of the oil. This oil was subjugated by monoterpene hydrocarbons (27.7%), sesquiterpene hydrocarbons (32.3%) and oxygenated sesquiterpenes (4.6%). The significant constituents of L. littoralis essential oil were determined as follows; myrcene (24.9%), γ-muurolene (11.0%), and oleic acid (10.3%). The essential oil of L. littoralis showed activity against the nitric oxide (NO) generation with the IC50 value to 12.50 ± 1.19 µg/L. The anti-inflammatory effect of essential oil from the leaves of L. littoralis is reported for the first time.

Discovery of commonly existing anode biofilm microbes in two different wastewater treatment MFCs using FLX Titanium pyrosequencing.

In microbial fuel cells (MFC), wastewater is used as a fuel while organic and nutrient pollution in the wastewater are being treated. In the present study, commonly existing microbial populations in MFC anode biofilms were identified using high throughput FLX Titanium pyrosequencing to provide much more extensive information of anode microbial communities than previously possible. Using 454 FLX Titanium pyrosequencing, 31,901 sequence reads with an average length of 430 bp were obtained from 16S rRNA gene amplicons from different MFC anodes with different substrate exposure and respiration conditions, and microbial community structure and population identification were then analyzed using high-throughput bioinformatics methods. Although community profiles from the four samples were significantly different, hierarchical clustering analysis revealed several bacterial populations that commonly exist in the anode biofilm samples. These bacteria were phylogenetically distributed in Firmicutes and the alpha-, beta-, gamma-, and delta-subclasses of Proteobacteria. In addition, most of these populations were found to be novel anode bacteria and exhibited oligotrophic or substrate-concentration-insensitive growth. These findings suggest that commonly existing anode bacteria may play a key role in the stable operations of MFCs, combined with wastewater treatment plants, under fluctuating substrate and respiration conditions.

Overweight and obesity among Vietnamese school-aged children: National prevalence estimates based on the World Health Organization and International Obesity Task Force definition.

BACKGROUND: Overweight and obesity is a severe global health issue in both developed and developing nations. This study aims to estimate the national prevalence of overweight and obesity among school-aged children in Vietnam. METHOD: We conducted a national cross-sectional study on 2788 children aged from 11-14 years old from September to November 2018. We applied the WHO 2007 and IOTF criteria to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obesity among participants. Poison regression analysis with cluster sampling adjustment was employed to assess associated factors with obesity and overweight. Metadata on sociodemographic characteristics, physical measurements, and lifestyle behaviors were also extracted to investigate these factors in association with overweight and obesity prevalence. RESULTS: The prevalences of overweight and obesity in Vietnamese children were 17.4% and 8.6%, respectively by WHO Z-score criteria, and 17.1% and 5.4%, according to the IOTF reference. Using WHO Z-score yielded a higher prevalence of obesity than the IOTF and CDC criteria of all ages and both sexes. The proportions of overweight and obesity were substantially higher among boys than girls across ages. Parental BMI was shown to be a significant factor associated with overweight/obesity status in both girls and boys. Only for boys, age (PR = 0.83, 95% CI 0.76-0.90) and belonging to ethnic minorities (PR = 0.43, 95% CI 0.24-0.76) were significant risk factors for overweight/obesity. CONCLUSION: Our findings indicate a high prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity in Vietnam, especially in boys.

In vitro Antimicrobial Activity of Essential Oil Extracted from Leaves of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le in Vietnam.

:The present study aimed to determine the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of leaves-extracted essential oil of Leoheo domatiophorus Chaowasku, D.T. Ngo and H.T. Le (L. domatiophorus), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas and antiviral effects. The essential oil was obtained using hydrodistillation, with an average yield of 0.34 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). There were 52 constituents as identified by GC/MS with available authentic standards, representing 96.74% of the entire leaves oil. The essential oil was comprised of three main components, namely viridiflorene (16.47%), (-)-δ-cadinene(15.58%) and γ-muurolene (8.00%). The oil showed good antimicrobial activities against several species: Gram-positive strains: Staphylococcus aureus (two strains) and Enterococcus faecalis, with Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Lethal Concentration (MLC) values from 0.25 to 1% (v/v); Gram-negative strains such as Escherichia coli (two strains), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (two strains) and Klebsiella pneumoniae, with MIC and MLC values between 2% and 8% (v/v); and finally Candida species, having MIC and MLC between 0.12 and 4% (v/v).Antitrichomonas activity of the oil was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.008%, 0.016% and 0.03% (v/v), respectively, after 48h of incubation. The essential oil resultedin being completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+ (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV-B4), ssRNA- (hRSVA2, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses with EC50 values over 100 µg/mL. This is the first, yet comprehensive, scientific report about the chemical composition and pharmacological properties of the essential oil in L. domatiophorus.

Biological Activities of Essential Oils from Leaves of Paramignya trimera (Oliv.) Guillaum and Limnocitrus littoralis (Miq.) Swingle.

The present study aimed to determine the bioactivities of essential oils extracted from the leaves of Paramignya trimera and Limnocitrus littoralis, including cytotoxicity, antiviral, antibacterial, antimycotic, and antitrichomonas effects. Herein, it was indicated that P. trimera and L. littoralis oils showed no cytotoxicity on normal cells, namely MT-4, BHK-21, MDBK, and Vero-76. P. trimera oil (i) exhibited the strongest inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with MIC and MLC values of 2% (v/v); (ii) showed MIC and MLC values of 8% (v/v) in Candida parapsilosis; and (iii) in the remaining strains, showed MIC and MLC values greater than or equal to 16% (v/v). On the other hand, L. littoralis oil (i) displayed the strongest inhibition against Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis with 2% (v/v) of MIC and MLC; and (ii) in the remaining strains, possessed MIC and MLC greater than or equal to 16% (v/v). In addition, antitrichomonas activities of the oils were undertaken, showing IC50, IC90, MLC values, respectively, at 0.016%, 0.03%, and 0.06% (v/v) from P. trimera, and 0.03%, 0.06%, 0.12% (v/v) from L. littoralis, after 48 h of incubation. The oils were completely ineffective against ssRNA+ (HIV-1, YFV, BVDV, Sb-1, CV-B4), ssRNA- (RSV, VSV), dsRNA (Reo-1), and dsDNA (HSV-1, VV) viruses. This is the first report describing the cytotoxicity, antiviral, antibacterial, antimycotic, and antitrichomonas activities of the essential oils of P. trimera and L. littoralis.

Biological activities of essential oil extracted from leaves of Atalantia sessiflora Guillauminin Vietnam.

INTRODUCTION: The present study aimed to determine the chemical compositions and bioactivities of the essential oil of Atalantia sessiflora Guillaumin (A. sessiflora), including antibacterial, antimycotic, antitrichomonas, anti-inflammatory and antiviral effects. METHODOLOGY: The essential oil from leaves of A. sessiflora was extracted by hydrodistillation using a Clevenger apparatus. Chemical compositions of oil were identified by GC/MS. Antimicrobial and antitrichomonas activity were determined by the microdilution method; anti-inflammatory and antiviral were determined by the MTT method. RESULTS: The average yield of oil was 0.46 ± 0.01% (v/w, dry leaves). A number of 45 constituents were identified by GC/MS. The essential oil comprised four main components. The oil showed antimicrobial activities against Gram-positive strains as Staphylococcus; Gram-negative bacteria such as Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia coli; and finally four Candida species. Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa were least susceptible to the oil of A. sessiflora, as seen in their MIC and MLC values over 16% (v/v). Activity against Trichomonas vaginalis was also undertaken, showing IC50, IC90 and MLC values of 0.016, 0.03 and 0.06% (v/v) respectively, after 48 hours of incubation. The oil of A. sessiflora displayed activity against the nitric oxide generation with the IC50 of 95.94 ± 6.18 µg/mL. The oil was completely ineffective against tested viruses, ssRNA+, ssRNA-, dsRNA, and dsDNA viruses. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first yet comprehensive scientific report about the chemical compositions and pharmacological properties of the essential oil of A. sessiflora. Further studies should be done to evaluate the safety and toxicity of A. sessiflora oil.

Phytochemical Compositions and Biological Activities of Essential Oils from the Leaves, Rhizomes and Whole Plant of Hornstedtia bella Skornick.

The rapid emergence of drug-resistant strains and novel viruses have motivated the search for new anti-infectious agents. In this study, the chemical compositions and cytotoxicity, as well as the antibacterial, antifungal, antitrichomonas, and antiviral activities of essential oils from the leaves, rhizomes, and whole plant of Hornstedtia bella were investigated. The GC/MS analysis showed that ß-pinene, E-ß-caryophyllene, and α-humulene were found at high concentrations in the essential oils. The essential oils exhibited (i) inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus epidermidis with minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and minimum lethal concentration (MLC) values from 1 to 4% (v/v); (ii) MIC and MLC values from 2 to 16% (v/v) in Candida tropicalis and Candida parapsilosis; (iii) MIC and MLC values from 4 to 16% in Enterococcus faecalis; and (iv) MIC and MLC values from 8 to greater than or equal to 16% (v/v) in the remaining strains, including Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Candida albicans, and Candida glabrata. In antitrichomonas activity, the leaves and whole-plant oils of Hornstedtia bella possessed IC50, IC90, and MLC values of 0.008%, 0.016%, and 0.03% (v/v), respectively, whilst those of rhizomes oil had in turn, 0.004%, 0.008%, and 0.016% (v/v).Besides, the leaf oil showed a weak cytotoxicity against Vero 76 and MRC-5; meanwhile, rhizomes and whole-plant oils did not exert any toxic effects on cell monolayers. Finally, these oils were not active against EV-A71.

Electrochemical degradation and mineralization of glyphosate herbicide.

The presence of herbicide is a concern for both human and ecological health. Glyphosate is occasionally detected as water contaminants in agriculture areas where the herbicide is used extensively. The removal of glyphosate in synthetic solution using advanced oxidation process is a possible approach for remediation of contaminated waters. The ability of electrochemical oxidation for the degradation and mineralization of glyphosate herbicide was investigated using Ti/PbO2 anode. The current intensity, treatment time, initial concentration and pH of solution are the influent parameters on the degradation efficiency. An experimental design methodology was applied to determine the optimal condition (in terms of cost/effectiveness) based on response surface methodology. Glyphosate concentration (C0 = 16.9 mg L-1) decreased up to 0.6 mg L-1 when the optimal conditions were imposed (current intensity of 4.77 A and treatment time of 173 min). The removal efficiencies of glyphosate and total organic carbon were 95 ± 16% and 90.31%, respectively. This work demonstrates that electrochemical oxidation is a promising process for degradation and mineralization of glyphosate.

Increased nitrous oxide accumulation by bioelectrochemical denitrification under autotrophic conditions: kinetics and expression of denitrification pathway genes.

Under autotrophic conditions, we investigated the effects of different current densities on bioelectrochemical denitrification (BED). In this study, nitrate consumption and nitrous oxide (N2O) production, microbial diversity and population dynamics, and denitrification pathway gene expressions were explored in continuous flow BED reactors at different current densities (0.2, 1, 5, 10 and 20 A/m(2)). We found that, under the autotrophic conditions, N2O accumulation was increased with increase in current density. The maximum rate of denitrification was 1.65 NO3(-)-N (g/NCCm(3).h), and approximately 70% of the reduced N was accumulated as N2O. After each current density was applied, pyrosequencing of the expressed 16S rRNA genes amplified from the cathodic biofilms revealed that that 16 genera were active and in common at all currents, and that eight of those showed a statistically significant correlation with particular current densities. The relative expression of napA and narG was highest, whereas nosZ was low relative to its level in the inoculum suggesting that this could have contributed the high N2O accumulation. Kinetic analysis of nitrate reduction and N2O accumulation followed Michaelis-Menten kinetics. The Vmax for nitrate consumption and N2O accumulation were similar, however the Km values determined as A/m(2) were not. This study provides better understanding of the community and kinetics of a current-fed, autotrophic, cathodic biofilm for evaluating its potential for scale-up and for N2O recovery.

Improved detection of microbial risk of releasing genetically modified bacteria in soil by using massive sequencing and antibiotic resistance selection.

High-throughput 16S rRNA gene-targeted pyrosequencing was used with commonly used risk assessment techniques to evaluate the potential microbial risk in soil after inoculating genetically modified (GM) Corynebacterium glutamicum. To verify the risk, reference experiments were conducted in parallel using well-defined and frequently used GM Escherichia coli and wild-type strains. The viable cell count showed that the number of GM bacteria in the soil was reduced to below the detection limit within 10 days, while the molecular indicator for GM plasmids was detected throughout the experiment by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reactions. Subsequent pyrosequencing showed an insignificant influence of the GM bacteria and/or their GM plasmids on the structure of the soil bacterial community this was similar to non-GM wild-type strains. However, pyrosequencing combined with kanamycin-resistant bacteria selection uncovered a potential risk of GM bacteria on the soil bacterial community and pathogens. The results of the improved methodology showed that the microbial risk attributable to GM C. glutamicum was relatively lower than that attributable to the reference GM E. coli.