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BACKGROUND: Advances in treatment could mitigate the expected adverse changes in the body composition of children and adolescents with type 1 diabetes (T1D). OBJECTIVES: To examine the evolution of weight status and body composition and their association with glycaemic control and partial clinical remission in youth with T1D. METHODS: Ninety-nine participants with T1D (median age 9.5 years [interquartile range 7.3, 12.9], 59.6% boys) were longitudinally followed for 3 years since diagnosis. Data at seven pre-determined time points were extracted from medical files. Outcome measures included body mass index (BMI) z-scores, muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores, haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) levels, continuous glucose monitoring metrics, and insulin dose-adjusted HbA1c (IDAA1c) levels. RESULTS: The BMI z-scores increased significantly (p < 0.001) for both sexes, with no significant change in MFR z-scores over time. The girls had higher BMI z-scores (p < 0.001) and lower MFR z-scores than the boys (p = 0.016). The mean HbA1c levels decreased during the first month and at 3 months since diagnosis (p < 0.001), then plateaued and achieved a median overall HbA1c of 7.1% for the entire cohort. At 12 months, 37 participants (37.6%) were in partial clinical remission, as evidenced by IDAA1c ≤ 9. The odds of partial clinical remission at 2 years increased by 2.1-fold for each standard deviation increase in the MFR z-score (p < 0.001). Higher MFR z-scores were associated with better metabolic control. CONCLUSIONS: Integration of body composition assessments could mitigate adverse body changes in paediatric patients with T1D.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Femenino , Masculino , Adolescente , Humanos , Niño , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/tratamiento farmacológico , Control Glucémico , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea , Hemoglobina Glucada , Glucemia , MúsculosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Women with type 1 diabetes (T1D) are more susceptible than men to cardiovascular disease (CVD). Signs of increased risk may already appear among adolescent girls. OBJECTIVES: We explored the contribution of body composition to the development of CVD risk factors among youth with T1D. METHODS: One hundred and eighty nine subjects with T1D (mean age 15.3 ± 5.1 years, 55% boys) followed between January 2018-January 2022 were included in this observational study. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical files. Body composition was measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis, and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-scores were calculated. Logistic regression model assessed the association between body composition (MFR z-scores) and evidence of CVD risk factors. RESULTS: Females were characterised by higher median BMI z-scores (0.47 vs. 0.04, p = 0.012), higher fat and truncal fat percentage levels (p ≤ 0.001) and lower median MFR z-scores (-0.64 vs. -0.25, p ≤ 0.001), higher median triglyceride (TG) levels (71 vs. 61 mg/dl, p = 0.05), longer disease duration to initiation of insulin pump therapy (p = 0.041), and more time spent in marked hypoglycemia (1 vs. 0.2%, p = 0.007) than males. Males' MFR z-scores were associated with several diabetes-related parameters (age at diagnosis, CGM metrics, HbA1c and insulin dose), while the females'' MFR z-scores were linked to the atherogenic dyslipidemia index (TG:HDL ratio). The odds for CVD risk factors were doubled for every 1 SD decrease in MFR z-score (OR = 0.50, CI [0.30-0.84], p = 0.009) and also increased with age (OR = 1.07, CI [1.004-1.148], p = 0.038). CONCLUSIONS: Body composition measurement has a predictive value in CVD risk assessment in youth with T1D, with unique characteristics and influences in each sex.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Humanos , Masculino , Femenino , Adolescente , Niño , Adulto Joven , Adulto , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/complicaciones , Caracteres Sexuales , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/diagnóstico , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/etiología , Composición Corporal , Insulina , Medición de Riesgo , Índice de Masa CorporalRESUMEN
How can people wisely navigate social conflict? Two preregistered longitudinal experiments (Study 1: Canadian adults; Study 2: American and Canadian adults; total N = 555) tested whether encouraging distanced (i.e., third-person) self-reflection would help promote wisdom. Both experiments measured wise reasoning (i.e., intellectual humility, open-mindedness about how situations could unfold, consideration of and attempts to integrate diverse viewpoints) about challenging interpersonal events. In a month-long experiment (Study 1), participants used either a third- or first-person perspective in diary reflections on each day's most significant experience. Compared with preintervention assessments, assessments made after the intervention revealed that participants reflecting in the third person showed a significant increase in wise reasoning about interpersonal challenges. These effects were statistically accounted for by shifts in diary-based reflections toward a broader self-focus. A week-long experiment (Study 2) replicated the third-person self-reflection effect on wise reasoning (vs. first-person and no-pronoun control conditions). These findings suggest an efficient and evidence-based method for fostering wise reasoning.
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Solución de Problemas , Proyectos de Investigación , Adulto , Canadá , Humanos , Estados UnidosRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Younger age at diagnosis of type 1 diabetes (T1D) may affect the clinical course and outcome. We examined whether age at diagnosis was associated with glycemic control and metabolic outcome in young adulthood. METHODS: This observational study included 105 young adults with T1D (current mean age: 21.2 ± 3.0 years, mean age at diagnosis 12.0 ± 4.0 years) followed during 2012 to 2019. Data on HbA1c, glucose variability, continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) metrics, body mass index (BMI), blood pressure (BP), and body composition were collected from medical records from age 18 years until last visit, and the association between age at diagnosis and outcomes was assessed. RESULTS: Age at T1D diagnosis was negatively associated with HbA1c levels (r = -0.368, P = .001), BMI (r = -0.218, P = .026), and diastolic BP (r = -0.215, P = .028). Younger age at diagnosis predicted poorer glycemic control after controlling for T1D duration, sex, socioeconomic status, BMI, and CGM use (r2 = 0.19, P = .002). There was a 0.1% greater HbA1c reduction for every yearly increase in age at diagnosis (ß = -0.090, P = .042). The mean metabolic age of females diagnosed at <10 years of age was older than their chronological age (P = .049). CONCLUSIONS: Younger age at T1D diagnosis predicts worse glycemic control at young adulthood, independent of recognized confounding risk factors (disease duration, sex, socioeconomic status, weight, and use of diabetes technology). Female patients diagnosed at a young age have an older metabolic age, indicating the need for lifestyle alteration to improve their basal metabolic rate.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1 , Factores de Edad , Metabolismo Basal , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/metabolismo , Femenino , Control Glucémico/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Masculino , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: This research examines changes in emotionality following adverse experiences in daily life. We tested whether daily self-distancing (vs. self-immersing) in reflections on adversity results in positive change in emotionality. Additionally, we probed the "dosage" effect of repeated self-distancing. METHOD: A micro-longitudinal field experiment combined 4-week daily diary and experimental manipulation of perspective during diary-based reflections on adverse experiences to explore the trajectory of change in emotionality. Each day, participants (N = 149) described and reflected on one significant event from that day and rated emotionality. We randomly assigned participants to reflect from a self-immersed or self-distanced perspective. RESULTS: Self-distanced participants showed a change toward positive emotionality while maintaining the same level of negative emotionality, whereas self-immersed participants did not show changes in positive or negative emotionality. We also observed that self-distancing reached its maximum effect ("dosage") for positive emotionality in the third week of the diary. CONCLUSIONS: Repeated self-distanced reflections can promote positive change in emotionality in the face of everyday adversity. Notably, repeated self-distancing effectiveness has a saturation point. In contrast, self-immersed reflections on adversity do not promote positive emotional change. Together, these observations raise the question how the default self-immersed reflection on traumatic experiences impacts personal growth.
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Emociones , Trauma Psicológico , HumanosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Post-traumatic growth typically refers to enduring positive psychological change experienced as a result of adversity, trauma, or highly challenging life circumstances. Critics have challenged insights from much of the prior research on this topic, pinpointing its significant methodological limitations. In response to these critiques, we propose that post-traumatic growth can be more accurately captured in terms of personality change-an approach that affords a more rigorous examination of the phenomenon. METHOD: We outline a set of conceptual and methodological questions and considerations for future work on the topic of post-traumatic growth. RESULTS: We provide a series of recommendations for researchers from across the disciplines of clinical/counseling, developmental, health, personality, and social psychology and beyond, who are interested in improving the quality of research examining resilience and growth in the context of adversity. CONCLUSION: We are hopeful that these recommendations will pave the way for a more accurate understanding of the ubiquity, durability, and causal processes underlying post-traumatic growth.
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Crecimiento Psicológico Postraumático , Trastornos por Estrés Postraumático , Humanos , Personalidad , Trastornos de la PersonalidadRESUMEN
We explored how individuals' mental representations of complex and uncertain situations impact their ability to reason wisely. To this end, we introduce situated methods to capture abstract and concrete mental representations and the switching between them when reflecting on social challenges. Using these methods, we evaluated the alignment of abstractness and concreteness with four integral facets of wisdom: intellectual humility, open-mindedness, perspective-taking, and compromise-seeking. Data from North American and UK participants (N = 1,151) revealed that both abstract and concrete construals significantly contribute to wise reasoning, even when controlling for a host of relevant covariates and potential response bias. Natural language processing of unstructured texts among high (top 25%) and low (bottom 25%) wisdom participants corroborated these results: semantic networks of the high wisdom group reveal greater use of both abstract and concrete themes compared to the low wisdom group. Finally, employing a repeated strategy-choice method as an additional measure, our findings demonstrated that individuals who showed a greater balance and switching between these construal types exhibited higher wisdom. Our findings advance understanding of individual differences in mental representations and how construals shape reasoning across contexts in everyday life.
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In this national study, we analyzed population-level data from a representative longitudinal survey to understand the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on suicidal ideation rates. Between April and May 2021, responses from 1793 adults aged 20 and older were collected regarding suicidal ideation. Our analysis revealed a significant increase in suicidal ideation during the pandemic's first year, with an age-adjusted incidence rate of 7.6%-nearly three times the pre-pandemic rate of 2.7%. Young adults, particularly those between 20 and 29 years of age, had a higher incidence of suicidal ideation (10.9%) in contrast to those aged 30 and older (6.6%). Furthermore, 21.4% of young adults aged 20 to 29 reported having experienced suicidal ideation at some point in their lives, compared to 13.1% among adults aged 30 and older, indicating a heightened susceptibility to suicidal ideation in this age group. Using multinomial logistic regression, the study identified factors like younger age and job loss due to COVID-19 as contributors to suicidal ideation with other sociodemographic variables, presenting new insights in the scientific literature. Job loss contribution was independent of the age effect. The study highlights a significant increase in suicidal ideation during the pandemic, particularly among young adults, emphasizing the need for targeted mental health interventions and prioritizing their well-being for future public health strategies.
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COVID-19 , Ideación Suicida , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/psicología , Adulto , Masculino , Femenino , Canadá/epidemiología , Adulto Joven , Pandemias , Estudios Longitudinales , Persona de Mediana Edad , SARS-CoV-2 , Incidencia , Factores de Edad , Factores de RiesgoRESUMEN
During the cell life cycle, extracellular vesicles (EVs) transport different cargos, including organelles, proteins, RNAs, DNAs, metabolites, etc., that influence cell proliferation and apoptosis in recipient cells. EVs from metastatic cancer cells remodel the extracellular matrix and cells of the tumor microenvironment (TME), promoting tumor invasion and metastatic niche preparation. Although the process is not fully understood, evidence suggests that EVs facilitate genetic material transfer between cells. In the context of NSCLC, EVs can mediate intercellular mitochondrial (Mt) transfer, delivering mitochondria organelle (MtO), mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), and/or mtRNA/proteinaceous cargo signatures (MtS) through different mechanisms. On the other hand, certain populations of cancer cells can hijack the MtO from TME cells mainly by using tunneling nanotubes (TNTs). This transfer aids in restoring mitochondrial function, benefiting benign cells with impaired metabolism and enabling restoration of their metabolic activity. However, the impact of transferring mitochondria versus transplanting intact mitochondrial organelles in cancer remains uncertain and the subject of debate. Some studies suggest that EV-mediated mitochondria delivery to cancer cells can impact how cancer responds to radiation. It might make the cancer more resistant or more sensitive to radiation. In our review, we aimed to point out the current controversy surrounding experimental data and to highlight new paradigm-shifting modalities in radiation therapy that could potentially overcome cancer resistance mechanisms in NSCLC.
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PURPOSE: Treatment with recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) increases insulin growth factor-1 (IGF1) levels, therefore, monitoring both IGF1 and growth constitutes an acceptable parameter of therapeutic safety and efficacy. We aimed to investigate the relationship between IGF1 level and body composition in children and adolescents undergoing rhGH therapy for growth hormone deficiency (GHD) and idiopathic short stature (ISS). METHODS: This observational retrospective study included the bioimpedance analysis (BIA) reports (n = 305) of 135 pediatric patients (age 5-18 years), 64 with GHD and 71 with ISS, conducted as part of routine clinic visits. Sociodemographic and clinical data were extracted from medical records. Generalized estimating equations linear models were used to explore the contributing factors for body composition components of fat percentage (FATP), appendicular skeletal muscle mass (ASMM) z-score, and muscle-to-fat ratio (MFR) z-score while adjusting for cumulative doses of rhGH. RESULTS: Subjects with GHD exhibited higher body mass index z-scores (p < 0.001), higher FATP and truncal FATP scores, lower MFR z-score, and higher diastolic blood pressure percentiles than the ISS group (p = 0.010, p = 0.027, p = 0.050, and p = 0.050, respectively). Female sex (p < 0.001) and a GHD diagnosis (p < 0.001), were major contributors to higher FATP scores; female sex (p = 0.049) and ISS diagnosis (p = 0.005) were major contributors to higher MFR z-scores; and female sex (p < 0.001), older age (p < 0.001) and higher insulin-like growth factor 1 z-scores (p = 0.021) were major contributors to higher ASMM z-scores. Socioeconomic position and cumulative rhGH dose were not significant contributors to body composition parameters. CONCLUSION: Children with GHD, including those undergoing rhGH treatment, may be at risk for increased adiposity and associated metabolic implications. Sex- and age-adjusted IGF1 levels were related to muscle mass but not to adiposity. Hence, rhGH treatment aimed at increasing IGF1 levels may alleviate these effects by promoting muscle growth.
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IMPORTANCE: Because analytic technologies improve, increasing amounts of data on methylation differences between assisted reproductive technology (ART) and unassisted conceptions are available. However, various studies use different tissue types and different populations in their analyses, making data comparison and integration difficult. OBJECTIVE: To compare and integrate data on genome-wide analyses of methylation differences due to ART, allowing exposure of overarching themes. EVIDENCE REVIEW: All studies undertaking genome-wide analysis of human methylation differences due to ART or infertility in any tissue type across the lifespan were assessed for inclusion. FINDINGS: Seventeen studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. One study assessed trophectoderm biopsies, 2 first-trimester placenta, 1 first-trimester fetal tissue, 2 term placenta, 7 cord blood, 3 newborn dried blood spots, 1 childhood buccal smears, 1 childhood peripheral blood, and 2 adult peripheral blood. Eleven studies compared tissues from in vitro fertilization (IVF) conceptions with those of unassisted conceptions, 4 compared intracytoplasmic sperm injection with unassisted conceptions, 4 compared non-IVF fertility treatment (NIFT) with unassisted conceptions, 4 compared NIFT with IVF, and 5 compared an infertile population (conceiving via various methods) with an unassisted presumably fertile population. In studies assessing placental tissue, 1 gene with potential methylation changes due to IVF when compared with unassisted conceptions was identified by 2 studies. In blood, 11 potential genes with methylation changes due to IVF compared with unassisted conceptions were identified by 2 studies, 1 of which was identified by 3 studies. Three potentially affected genes were identified by 2 studies involving blood between intracytoplasmic sperm injection and unassisted populations. There were no overlapping genes identified in any tissue type between NIFT and unassisted populations, between NIFT and IVF, or the infertility combined population when compared with the unassisted fertile population. CONCLUSIONS: Comparing studies is challenging due to differing variables between analyses. However, even in similar tissue types and populations, overlapping methylation changes are limited, suggesting that differences due to ART are minimal. RELEVANCE: Information from this systematic review is significant for providers and patients who provide and use ART to understand methylation risks that may be associated with the technology.
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Metilación de ADN , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas , Adulto , Niño , Femenino , Humanos , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Embarazo , Fertilización In Vitro , Infertilidad/diagnóstico , Infertilidad/genética , Infertilidad/terapia , Placenta/metabolismo , Técnicas Reproductivas Asistidas/efectos adversos , SemenRESUMEN
The Russian invasion of Ukraine on February 24, 2022, has had devastating effects on the Ukrainian population and the global economy, environment, and political order. However, little is known about the psychological states surrounding the outbreak of war, particularly the mental well-being of individuals outside Ukraine. Here, we present a longitudinal experience-sampling study of a convenience sample from 17 European countries (total participants = 1,341, total assessments = 44,894, countries with >100 participants = 5) that allows us to track well-being levels across countries during the weeks surrounding the outbreak of war. Our data show a significant decline in well-being on the day of the Russian invasion. Recovery over the following weeks was associated with an individual's personality but was not statistically significantly associated with their age, gender, subjective social status, and political orientation. In general, well-being was lower on days when the war was more salient on social media. Our results demonstrate the need to consider the psychological implications of the Russo-Ukrainian war next to its humanitarian, economic, and ecological consequences.
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Brotes de Enfermedades , Bienestar Psicológico , Humanos , Ucrania/epidemiología , Europa (Continente)/epidemiología , Salud MentalRESUMEN
Previous studies have highlighted the importance of promoting health literacy and minimizing misinformation to encourage higher adherence to key public health measures during the COVID-19 pandemic. This study explores how one's self-reported understanding of information and types of sources used to get information regarding COVID-19 can hinder adherence to public health measures implemented by the Canadian government. Data was collected following a longitudinal design of 11 time points for April 2020 to April 2021. The sub-sample used for this study included 2659 Canadians who completed the survey for at least four time points. Using Latent Class Growth Analysis, we modelled typical trajectories of adherence to three key public health measures: staying home, social distancing and mask wearing. Overall, a lower level of understanding was associated with lower adherence trajectories to public health measures, and vice-versa. Adjusted odds ratio (AOR) showed that the higher the level of understanding, the higher were the chances of following a high adherence trajectory. The type of used sources also showed a significant statistical association with adherence trajectories for social distancing and staying home (AOR: between 1.1 and 3.4). These results are discussed considering future policy implications.
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COVID-19 , Humanos , COVID-19/epidemiología , COVID-19/prevención & control , Salud Pública , Pandemias , Canadá/epidemiología , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , AutoinformeRESUMEN
The COVID-19 pandemic has produced unprecedented changes in the lives of many people. Although research has documented associations between concerns related to COVID-19 and poor mental health indicators, fewer studies have focused on positive factors that could help people better cope with this stressful social context. To fill this gap, the present research investigated the trajectories of self-compassion facets in times of dramatic social change. Using a longitudinal research design, we described the trajectories of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness during the first eight months of the COVID-19 pandemic, in a representative sample of Canadian adults (N = 3617). Relying on a multi-trajectory group-based approach, we identified clusters of individuals following persistently low (4.0%), moderate-low (39.3%), moderate-high (46.7%), and high (10.0%) levels of self-kindness, common humanity, and mindfulness. Interestingly, we found that compassionate self-responding trajectories were mainly stable over time with minor fluctuations for some groups of individuals, in line with the epidemiological situation. In terms of covariates, we observed that older women were more likely to follow trajectories of high compassionate self-responding, as compared to the other age and gender groups. In terms of mental health indicators, we demonstrated that trajectory groups with high levels of compassionate self-responding were associated with greater life satisfaction, more happiness, better sleep quality, higher sleep quantity, and fewer negative emotions, as compared to lower trajectory groups. The results supported the idea that self-compassion during the COVID-19 pandemic could have favored better mental health indicators and could possibly be promoted as a psychological intervention in the general population.
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COVID-19 , Atención Plena , Adulto , Humanos , Femenino , Anciano , Atención Plena/métodos , Pandemias , COVID-19/epidemiología , Canadá , Salud MentalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation alterations exist in the first-trimester human placenta between conceptions using fertility treatments and those that do not and, if so, whether they are the result of underlying infertility or fertility treatments. We also assessed whether significant alterations led to changes in gene expression. DESIGN: We compared DNA methylation of the first-trimester placenta from singleton pregnancies that resulted in live births from unassisted, in vitro fertilization (IVF), and non-IVF fertility treatment (NIFT) conceptions using the Infinium MethylationEPIC BeadChip array. Significant CpG sites were compared with corresponding ribonucleic acid sequencing analysis in similar cohorts to determine whether methylation alterations lead to differences in gene expression. SETTING: Academic medical center. PATIENT(S): A total of 138 singleton pregnancies undergoing chorionic villus sampling resulting in a live birth were recruited for methylation analysis (56 unassisted, 38 NIFT, and 44 IVF conceptions). Ribonucleic acid-sequencing data consisted of 141 subjects (74 unassisted, 33 NIFT, and 34 IVF conceptions) of which 116 overlapped with the methylation cohort. INTERVENTION(S): In vitro fertilization-conceived pregnancy or pregnancy conceived via NIFT, such as ovulation induction and intrauterine insemination. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Significant methylation changes at CpG sites after adjustment for multiple comparisons. The secondary outcome was gene expression changes of significant CpG sites. RESULT(S): Of the 741,145 probes analyzed in the placenta, few were significant at Bonferroni <0.05: 185 CpG sites (0.025%) significant in pregnancies conceived with the fertility treatments (NIFT + IVF) vs. unassisted conceptions; 28 in NIFT vs. unassisted; 195 in IVF vs. unassisted; and only 13 (0.0018%) in IVF vs. NIFT conceptions. Of all significant CpG sites combined, 10% (35) were located in genes with suggestive gene expression changes, but none were significant after adjustment for multiple comparisons (ribonucleic acid sequencing false discovery rate <0.05). None of the 13 differentially methylated probes in the IVF vs. NIFT placenta were located in genes with suggestive IVF vs. NIFT gene expression differences. CONCLUSION(S): Underlying infertility is the most significant contributor to the minimal differences in first-trimester placental methylation, and not the specific fertility treatment used, such as IVF.
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Infertilidad , Placenta , Embarazo , Femenino , Humanos , Placenta/metabolismo , Primer Trimestre del Embarazo , Metilación de ADN , Infertilidad/diagnóstico , Infertilidad/genética , Infertilidad/terapia , Fertilización In Vitro/efectos adversos , Nacimiento Vivo , ARN , Expresión GénicaRESUMEN
Introduction: We investigated whether initial risk classes and heterogeneous trajectories of self-compassion over the course of the pandemic may impact well-being outcomes 1 year into the pandemic. Methods: A large, representative sample of Canadians (N = 3,613; 50.6% women) was sampled longitudinally over 11 waves (April 2020-April 2021), using a rolling cross-sectional survey design. Analyses were conducted in three steps: (1) latent class analysis to identify heterogeneity in risk factors (sociodemographic, cognitive-personality, health-related) early in the pandemic, (2) latent class growth analysis (LCGA) to identify longitudinal self-compassion trajectories, and (3) GLM to examine effects of risk factor classes and self-compassion trajectories, as well as their interaction, on later well-being (mental health, perceived control, life satisfaction). Results and Discussion: Four risk factor classes emerged, with 50.9% of participants experiencing low risk, 14.3% experiencing multiple risks, 20.8% experiencing Cognitive-Personality and Health risks, and 14.0% experiencing sociodemographic and Cognitive-Personality risks. Four self-compassion trajectories also emerged, with 47.7% of participants experiencing moderate-high self-compassion that decreased then stabilized, 32.0% experiencing moderate self-compassion that decreased then stabilized, 17.3% experiencing high and stable self-compassion across time, and 3.0% experiencing low and decreasing self-compassion. Comparisons of well-being outcomes 1 year post-pandemic indicated that higher levels of self-compassion over time may protect against the impact of initial risk on well-being outcomes. Further work is still needed on heterogeneity in experiences of risk and protective factors during stressful life events.
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Objectives: Previous studies found a general increase in prejudice against Chinese people during the first months of the pandemic. The present study aims to consider inter-individual heterogeneity in stability and change regarding prejudice involving Chinese people during the pandemic. The first objective is to identify and describe different trajectories of prejudice over a seven-month period during the pandemic. The second and third objectives are to test the association between trajectory group membership and antecedent variables such as: socio-demographic factors (i.e., age, gender, political affiliation) and two psychological mechanisms, namely economic threat and global citizenship identification. Methods: A representative Canadian sample (N = 3,617) according to age, gender and province of residence, was recruited for a 10-wave survey starting from April 2020 to December 2020. First, a group-based modeling approach was used to identify trajectories of prejudice. Second, a multinomial logistic regression model was used to test associations between membership in trajectories and antecedents. Results: Four trajectories were identified. The first three trajectories have a low (71.4% of the sample), high (18.5%) or very high (5.3%) level of prejudice against Chinese people which is relatively stable over time. The fourth trajectory (4.9%) reports low levels of prejudice in favor of Chinese people which become more positive throughout 2020. Regarding socio-demographic factors: gender is not associated with trajectory group membership, younger people are more likely to follow the trajectory in favor of Chinese people and conservatives are more likely to follow the highest trajectories against Chinese people. Regarding some psychological mechanisms: personal but not collective economic threat is associated with the trajectory in favor of Chinese people. Finally, the highest levels of prejudice are found when the strategy of identification is more local rather than global. Conclusion: The present study shows that Canadians differ in terms of both their level and change in prejudice against Chinese people throughout the pandemic with some socio-demographic groups being more likely than others to be associated with prejudice. The results also suggest that a promising way to tackle the major social issue of prejudice is to highlight a vision of the world where individuals are all "global citizens" facing the same challenge.
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AIMS: Disparities in health outcomes in pediatric type 1 diabetes (T1D) based on race/ethnicity and socioeconomic position (SEP) have been reported. We compared T1D characteristics between Eritrean status-less children living in Israel and native-born Israeli children. METHODS: This observational study compared 7 Eritrean and 28 Israeli children (< 8 years old at T1D diagnosis) who were diagnosed in a single diabetes center during 2015-2019. Sociodemographic and diabetes-related data from diagnosis until the last clinic visit were retrieved from their medical files. RESULTS: At diagnosis, the mean age was 4.8 ± 2.2 years, 17 (48.6%) had diabetic ketoacidosis with a mean HbA1c level of 10.5 ± 2.1% (91.3 mmol/mol) and 29 (82.9%) had ≥ 2 pancreatic autoantibodies. The mean T1D duration of follow-up was 2.7 ± 1.4 years. Overall glycemic control during follow-up (> 6 months from diagnosis, mean number of samples 10.6 ± 5.2) was good, with mean, best, and peak HbA1c levels of 7.4 ± 0.8% (57.4 mmol/mol), 6.7 ± 0.7% (49.7 mmol/mol), and 8.1 ± 1.1% (65 mmol/mol), respectively. Thirty-two children (91.4%) used continuous glucose monitoring devices (CGMs), and the mean time from diagnosis to CGM initiation was 10.8 ± 14.1 months. CGM metrics: time CGM active: 95.4 ± 3.8%, mean glucose level: 170.0 ± 27.0 mg/dl (9.4 mmol/L), time-in-range: 56.4 ± 14.7%, time-below-range: 5.5 ± 5.7%, and time-above-range: 38.6 ± 16.1%. Diabetes-related parameters at diagnosis and during follow-up were similar between groups. Eritrean children had significantly lower SEPs (P < 0.001) and parental education levels (P < 0.001). Correlations between SEP and diabetes parameters and SEP and growth parameters were not significant. CONCLUSIONS: Eritrean status-less children in Israel achieved glycemic targets similar to those of Israeli children, perhaps reflecting uniformity in the standard of care and CGM usage.
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Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/diagnóstico , Diabetes Mellitus Tipo 1/etnología , Refugiados/estadística & datos numéricos , Atención Ambulatoria/estadística & datos numéricos , Glucemia/análisis , Glucemia/metabolismo , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea/instrumentación , Automonitorización de la Glucosa Sanguínea/estadística & datos numéricos , Niño , Preescolar , Cetoacidosis Diabética/diagnóstico , Cetoacidosis Diabética/etnología , Eritrea/etnología , Femenino , Hemoglobina Glucada/análisis , Hemoglobina Glucada/metabolismo , Control Glucémico/estadística & datos numéricos , Humanos , Israel/epidemiología , Masculino , Evaluación del Resultado de la Atención al Paciente , Pronóstico , Clase SocialRESUMEN
Typical approaches to study practical wisdom are person-centric, use flawed methods, and produce insights of little relevance to the construct's definition. We propose that understanding the processes underlying practical wisdom requires a social-ecological framework, supported by emerging empirical insights. Wise reasoning (i.e., intellectual humility, open-mindedness, recognition of broader perspectives and possible changes, integration of diverse viewpoints) varies dramatically across cultures, regions, economic strata, and situational contexts. By adopting a social-ecological perspective, psychologists can address some paradoxes about wisdom, including biases and errors in decontextualized versus context-variable assessments and a greater propensity for wise reasoning about social versus personal challenges, despite greater knowledge about personal issues. Moreover, an ecological perspective suggests that the propensity for wisdom in the population can also shape its ecology and surroundings. This new approach to wisdom is enriching our understanding and exploration of practical wisdom as a mental process and an ecological asset for societies at large.
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Actitud , Cultura , Medio Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Pensamiento , HumanosRESUMEN
Cyclooxygenase 2 (Cox2) total knockout and myeloid knockout (MKO) mice develop Crohn's-like intestinal inflammation when fed cholate-containing high fat diet (CCHF). We demonstrated that CCHF impaired intestinal barrier function and increased translocation of endotoxin, initiating TLR/MyD88-dependent inflammation in Cox2 KO but not WT mice. Cox2 MKO increased pro-inflammatory mediators in LPS-activated macrophages, and in the intestinal tissue and plasma upon CCHF challenge. Cox2 MKO also reduced inflammation resolving lipoxin A4 (LXA4) in intestinal tissue, while administration of an LXA4 analog rescued disease in Cox2 MKO mice fed CCHF. The apolipoprotein A-I (APOA1) mimetic 4F mitigated disease in both the Cox2 MKO/CCHF and piroxicam-accelerated Il10-/- models of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and reduced elevated levels of pro-inflammatory mediators in tissue and plasma. APOA1 mimetic Tg6F therapy was also effective in reducing intestinal inflammation in the Cox2 MKO/CCHF model. We further demonstrated that APOA1 mimetic peptides: i) inhibited LPS and oxidized 1-palmitoyl-2-arachidonoyl-sn-phosphatidylcholine (oxPAPC) dependent pro-inflammatory responses in human macrophages and intestinal epithelium; and ii) directly cleared pro-inflammatory lipids from mouse intestinal tissue and plasma. Our results support a causal role for pro-inflammatory and inflammation resolving lipids in IBD pathology and a translational potential for APOA1 mimetic peptides for the treatment of IBD.