Accuracy of nursing diagnoses for identifying domestic violence against children.

Objective Identify nursing diagnoses involving a hypothetical situation of domestic violence against a child and the respective degrees of accuracy. Method An exploratory, evaluative, case study was conducted using a quantitative and qualitative approach, with data collected using an online instrument from 26 nurses working in the Municipal Health Network, between June and August 2010, in Curitiba, and also during the first half of 2014 in São Paulo. Both of these cities are in Brazil. Nursing diagnoses and interventions from the International Classification of Nursing Practices in Collective Health were provided, and accuracy was verified using the Nursing Diagnosis Accuracy Scale. Results Thirty-nine nursing diagnoses were identified, 27 of which were common to both cities. Of these, 15 were scored at the null level of accuracy, 11 at high accuracy and 1 at medium accuracy. Conclusion The difficulty the nurses had in defining diagnoses may be associated with the fact that nursing care generally focuses on clinical problems, and signs expressing situations of domestic violence against children go unnoticed. The results demonstrated the difficulty of participants in selecting the appropriate nursing diagnosis for the case in question.

[Preventing violence by intimate partners in adolescence: an integrative review]. / A prevenção da violência por parceiro(a) íntimo(a) na adolescência: uma revisão integrative.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the scientific literature on preventing intimate partner violence among adolescents in the field of health based on gender and generational categories. METHOD: This was an integrative review. We searched for articles using LILACS, PubMed/MEDLINE, and SciELO databases. RESULTS: Thirty articles were selected. The results indicate that most studies assessed interventions conducted by programs for intimate partner violence prevention. These studies adopted quantitative methods, and most were in the area of nursing, psychology, and medicine. Furthermore, most research contexts involved schools, followed by households, a hospital, a health center, and an indigenous tribe. CONCLUSION: The analyses were not conducted from a gender- and generation-based perspective. Instead, the scientific literature was based on positivist research models, intimately connected to the classic public healthcare model and centered on a singular dimension.

"Health for All" in England and Brazil?

This article discusses the achievements and challenges that England and Brazil face in relation to their capacity to address inequalities in health through health promotion and public health policies. Using secondary data (policy texts and related documents), this article contextualizes, explains, and critically appraises health promotion and public health efforts for the reduction of inequalities in health in the 2 countries. A historic documentary analysis was undertaken, with hermeneutics as the methodological framework. The global economic crisis has prompted the so-called developed economies of Europe to reconsider their economic and social priorities. England represents a state facing this kind of challenge. Equally, Brazil is assuming new positions not only on the world stage but also in terms of the relationship it has with its citizens and the priorities it has for state welfare. The United Kingdom continues to finance a health care system allowing universal access in the form of the National Health Service, and state concern about the public health task of reducing inequalities has recently been underlined in policy. For Brazil, although there have been recent achievements related to population access to healthcare, challenges continue, especially with regard to the quality of care.

[Understanding child neglect in a gender context: a study performed in a Brazilian city]. / Compreendendo a negligência infantil na perspectiva de gênero: estudo em um município brasileiro.

OBJECTIVE: To describe the phenomenon of child neglect and understand it in a gender context. METHOD: Retrospective, quantitative, and exploratory study that analyzed reports of violence by a child and adolescent protection network in a Brazilian city. The theoretical and methodological basis applied was TIPESC (Theory of Nursing Praxical Intervention in Collective Health), with a gender emphasis. RESULTS: Neglect of children under the age of ten represents more than half the reports received over all the years studied; more boys than girls suffered neglect and 41.4% of the reports of neglect involved children under than age of three; women were identified as being solely responsible in 67.9%, and as accessories in 17.3% of the incidents reported. CONCLUSION: Child neglect is a complex matter, the gender subordinate status inflicted on these children and their mothers who are responsible for their care underscore the social vulnerability of this group.

Social determinants of hospitalizations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in Guarulhos, São Paulo.

The study goals present an overview of Hospitalizations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSC) in Guarulhos, SP, from 2008 to 2012. This is an ecological study based on secondary data obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System, and supported by the Praxical Theory of Intervention of Collective Health Nursing. Applied descriptive statistics for analysis. It was observed that Guarulhos shows an upward trend in hospitalizations by ACSC (20% increase), the most frequent causes of heart failure (11.8%), cerebrovascular disease (10.6%) and angina (9.7%), most frequently in the age group ≥ 65years old, for both sexes. The results are similar to other Brazilian studies, but their analysis should extrapolate the biological limits and the supply of healthcare resources, focusing on the social determinants of the health-disease process.

The Brazilian policy for reduction of accidents and violence aligns with international perspectives?

The study analyzed The Brazilian Policy for Reduction of Morbidity and Mortality from Accidents and Violence, in the socio-political perspective. We used as a base the chapter "Violence: a global public health problem" from the World Report on Violence and Health. The analysis revealed convergent and divergent elements of the Brazilian Policy in comparison with the international perspectives. We verified that the Brazilian Policy tried to converge to the international policies, however: it emphasizes the health promotion actions, but are limited to the context and behavior of individuals and individual communities; the performance of health professionals is expected without providing more structural investments, as the improvement in work conditions, the increase of financial and material resources; there are few clear definitions of the government and economical sector responsibilities.

Primary Care Sensitive Hospitalization: users detect flaws on the access to services.

The aim of this study is to analyze and understand the reasons for the occurrence of sensitive hospitalizations in accordance with users. Qualitative study conducted with users who were admitted to Pedreira General Hospital, in São Paulo. The data was collected through semi structured interviews and thereafter, transcribed and processed in the electronic program Alceste. When analyzing the content, the access was seized fundamentally as an empirical category, bringing up problems that later deserved, from the Brazilian Ministry of Health, a specific Program to improve the quality and access to primary care. The hierarchical and pyramidal organization shape from the health system in the city of São Paulo can be one of the important aspects for the access matter and established as an important restricting factor in the primary care role in reducing or even preventing the occurrence of these hospitalizations.

Ethnically distinct populations and coping with violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic.

OBJECTIVE: To identify policies and programs adopted by a Brazilian municipality to address violence against children during the COVID-19 pandemic. METHOD: A qualitative documentary study. The study setting was the municipality of Ananindeua, Pará, Brazil. Data was collected from official websites between November 2021 and February 2022. Thematic content analysis was used with the support of webQDA software. RESULTS: Three empirical categories emerged: a) Impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on violence against children; b) Action strategies for tackling violence against children in the COVID-19 pandemic; c) Evaluation indicators and targets for action strategies for tackling violence against children. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: The documents revealed few direct mentions of children, especially traditional populations; they presented superficial and ineffective evaluations of the policies and programs adopted, using exclusively quantitative indicators.

[Possibilities for addressing child abuse in systematized nursing consultations]. / As possibilidades de enfrentamento da violência infantil na consulta de enfermagem sistematizada.

Child abuse has been increasing, and addressing this phenomenon is within the responsibilities of health services. The International Classification of Nursing Practice in Public Health (Classificação Internacional das Práticas de Enfermagem em Saúde Coletiva - CIPESC®) is a tool that systematizes care and identifies child abuse during nursing consultations. The present study aimed to identify the limitations and potential of CIPESC® in nursing consultations with children that were victims of domestic violence. The present qualitative descriptive case study examined 15 web-based reports on violence completed by primary care nurses from the Curitiba City Council (Secretaria Municipal de Curitiba) in the state of Paraná. Although CIPESC® has shown potential, the diagnoses and interventions presented in the classifications were not fully utilized by the respondents. The reports showed worrisome limits regarding the recognition of needs and vulnerabilities involving the phenomenon of violence. In conclusion, it is necessary to contribute to the nomenclature the attributes concerning freedom and autonomy, which are essential for addressing violence, in addition to methods for evidence-based interventions.

[The evaluative limits and possibilities in the family health strategy for gender-based violence]. / Limites e possibilidades avaliativas da estratégia saúde da família para a violência de gênero.

The study aimed to understand the evaluative limits and possibilities of the Family Health Strategy (FHS) in acknowledging and confronting the health needs of women experiencing gender-based violence. This was a case study with a qualitative approach, conducted in a Basic Health Unit that operated under the FHS in São Paulo (SP). Data were collected through interviews with health professionals of the multidisciplinary teams, and women users of the service who experienced gender-based violence. The results were analyzed according to the analytical categories: gender, gender-based violence and health needs. Medicalization was seen as the most significant limitation of professional practice. Moreover, there were opportunities related to the bond afforded by the logic of attention brought by the FHS. Such possibilities, however, were still curtailed by the limitations of the biomedical model and the absence of specific technologies to deal with violence.

[Hospitalisations for ambulatory care sensitive conditions in a Brazilian metropolis]. / Internações por Condições Sensíveis à Atenção Primária em uma metrópole brasileira.

This study describes the profile of Hospitalisations for Ambulatory Care Sensitive Conditions (ACSCs) in Curitiba from 2005 to 2007. An ecological study was conducted using the data obtained from the Brazilian Hospital Information System (Sistema de Informações Hospitalares). Descriptive statistics was used for analysis. It was observed that there was a trend toward stabilisation in ACSCs in Curitiba, the most frequent causes being angina and heart failure, with an increased frequency in females and individuals aged ≥65 years. The results were similar to those observed in other studies, and almost in their entirety, were highly significant from a statistical point of view. However, the studies should be viewed with caution because it is an indicator presenting some limitations, including the reliability of diagnosis and the use of secondary data.

[Constructing a Gowin's V diagram to analyze academic work in nursing]. / Construção de um vê de Gowin para análises de produções acadêmicas de enfermagem.

The paper presents a meaningful learning tool known as Gowin's V and highlights the possibility of using it in the process of unpacking academic work in nursing. Our study aims to propose an amendment to this tool using the elements that comprise the procedural trajectory of the Theory of Nursing Praxis Intervention in Collective Health (TIPESC) and to analyze a dissertation produced in this field. This descriptive and exploratory study presents Gowin's V and proposes changes to its methodology. It thus shows the possibility of using this heuristic instrument to analyze academic work in nursing. Gowin's V has already proven to be useful in supporting teaching and learning processes and analyzing academic work in the area through its ability to capture and interpret any phenomenon articulated in the processes of social production and reproduction.

Vulnerability of Venezuelan immigrants living in Boa Vista, Roraima.

OBJECTIVE: To identify the social and health vulnerabilities of Venezuelan immigrants living in Boa Vista, Roraima. METHOD: Mixed methods research, with concomitant transformative strategy. In the quantitative phase, analysis of management documents for the state of Roraima and the capital Boa Vista were carried out. In the qualitative, open interviews with 16 Venezuelan immigrants, 14 nursing professionals and 8 public managers and a focus group with 12 nursing professionals. The webQDA software was used to organize the data and the content and discourse analyzes were based on Bardin and on dialectic-hermeneutics, according to Minayo. RESULTS: The main vulnerabilities identified were the absence of public policies for immigrants, the fragility of links with health services and language differences. CONCLUSION: The vulnerabilities of Venezuelan immigrants are linked to their ways of living and working. Health institutions and organizations are not fully qualified to serve them. Specific policies are needed for this social group and to qualify institutions and health professionals to implement these policies.

[Municipal health conferences: the organized social movement to create health interventions]. / Conferências Municipais de Saúde: o movimento social organizado na construção de intervenções em saúde.

The objective of this exploratory study was to understand the discourse leading to the health intervention proposals approved during the Health Conferences held in Curitiba-PR between 1997 and 2007. The results show that the approved health interventions were related to epidemiological indexes, the funding of the system, the change of the health care model, and the participation of the organized social movement. To broaden the participation, discussions were carried out before the final session, in which the number of participants remained nearly constant. In the final remarks it was observed that no reviews were done regarding the determinants of the health-diseases process; there was a tendency to make individuals accountable for promoting changes in their reality, and the model of broadened participation allows for reflection on the representivity of social movements in the political decisions within the sector.

[The micropolitics of the work of health professionals in health centers: regarding the health needs of families]. / Micropolítica do trabalho dos profissionais de saúde na UBS: visão sobre necessidades de saúde das famílias.

The objective of this study was to understand the strengths and limitations of the process of nursing work at a health center in terms of recognizing the health needs of the population. The methodological framework used was social research in the qualitative perspective, with discourse analysis based on hermeneutics-dialectics and founded on the Theory of Praxis Interpretation of Community Health Nursing. The data were collected by means of semi-structured interviews, and the working processes of the teams were examined according to the Analyzing Flowchart of the Model of a Health Care Service. In conclusion, there are limitations in the daily working process of the nursing team regarding the recognition of the health needs of the population. Coping with these needs consisted of the identification of complications, relegating the social determinants of the poor life conditions associated with the health-disease process to a secondary concern.

[Health needs according to the perception of people with pulmonary tuberculosis]. / Necessidades em saúde segundo percepções de pessoas com tuberculose pulmonar.

The objective of this study was to identify the perceptions of people with tuberculosis regarding their health needs. This qualitative study was performed in the administrative district of Capão Redondo, São Paulo. Data collection was performed in January of 2010 via semi-directed interviews. The interviews were conducted with eleven people undergoing tuberculosis treatment. The participants were at least eighteen years of age and presented no cognition limitations. The empirical material was decoded through discourse analysis. The health needs perceptions are related to the difficulties that emerge in the health-disease process, and acknowledging health needs appeared to be tied to the current illness. The identified needs result from biological alterations, changes to their daily lives, and the limited availability of healthcare services. The quality of assistance offered to people with tuberculosis is a condition of factors related to identifying and meeting their health needs.

[Evidence-based practices published in Brazil: identification and analysis studies about human health prevention]. / Práticas baseadas em evidências publicadas no Brasil: identificação e reflexão na área da prevenção em saúde humana.

Integrative review of Brazilian studies about evidence-based practices (EBP) about prevention in human health, published in Web of Science/JCR journals, between October 2010 and April 2011. The aim was to identify the specialties that most accomplished these studies, their foci and methodological approaches. Based on inclusion criteria, 84 studies were selected, mainly published in public health journals, focusing on primary care and also addressing clinical issues and different specialties. Prevention foci and methodological approaches also varied, with a predominance of systematic reviews without meta-analysis. The results indicate that there is no single way to conceptualize and practice EBP in the field of prevention, and that its application may not only serve to obtain indisputable evidence to equip intervention actions. This endless knowledge area is under construction, with a view to the analysis and further understanding of health phenomena.

Legal abortion in childhood: the official discourse and the reality of a Brazilian case.

OBJECTIVE: to identify the ideological perspectives of official discourses in relation to sexual violence, childhood pregnancy and access to legal abortion based on a Brazilian case. METHODS: a qualitative documentary study. Data collection was carried out in documents published on official Brazilian websites, between August and December 2020. The analytical categories of gender and generation supported data analysis. RESULTS: a total of 39 documents were selected and three empirical categories were identified: Protection against violence in the legislation and the (re)production of injuries in reality; Facing sexual violence against children by the Brazilian State; Being a Brazilian girl: gender and generational oppressions. FINAL CONSIDERATIONS: the ideological perspectives of official discourses in relation to the case showed a lack of compliance with advances in Brazilian legislation on issues related to child violence and adult-centric authoritarianism, with the imposition of gender and generation subalternity.