Efficiency of natural oils as alternative adjuvants to mineral oils in inactivated avian influenza vaccine formulation.

1. The effectiveness of inactivated vaccines depends on selecting the suitable adjuvant for vaccine formulation. The potency of vaccines with low antigen content can be improved with the appropriate adjuvant. This could allow production of more doses and lower the production cost.2. This study evaluated the efficiency of vaccines prepared using oil extracted from natural sources including argan oil, almond oil, sesame seed oil, pumpkin oil, cactus oil and black seed oil as alternative adjuvants for improving the protection capacity of inactivated influenza virus vaccine as compared to commonly used mineral oils.3. Each vaccine formulation was evaluated for stability, safety and immunogenicity in chickens, as well as for reducing the viral shedding after challenge infection.4. The cactus, sesame and pumpkin seed oil-based vaccines were found to be potent and successfully induced the production of humoral immunity in vaccinated chickens.

Osteosarcoma of the talus: a case report and review of the literature.

Osteosarcoma of the talus is extremely rare and only few cases have been reported in the literature. We present a case of a 33 years old male who presented with painful swelling of his left ankle joint. He underwent several radiological diagnostic modalities which showed osteolytic lesion in the posterior aspect of the left talus associated with new bone formation projecting from the posterior-medial aspect of that bone. His chest X-Ray showed multiple rounded lung metastases some of them showed calcifications. Open biopsy was performed. The histopathology confirmed the diagnosis of osteoblastic osteosarcoma of the talus.