Clinicopathological study of 1000 biopsied gingival lesions among dental outpatients: a 22-year retrospective study.

BACKGROUND: Up to now, limited research has been done on a significant number of cases with all types of gingival lesion. Besides, the available literature does not provide reliable data on the epidemiology of gingival lesions, especially non-reactive lesions. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the frequency and distribution of gingival lesions in an Iranian population. METHODS: This retrospective study was conducted on 1000 gingival biopsy samples during 22 years. All lesion types were evaluated in terms of location, clinical signs and symptoms, and patients' age and gender. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and chi-square test. RESULTS: Out of the 5284 oral lesions, 1000 (18.92%) gingival lesions were detected, with a female dominance (64.06%). The incidence peak (35.6%) was observed in the third and fourth decades. Non-neoplastic lesions accounted for 92.4% of the cases. The most common reports were related to reactive lesions (71.8%), with the highest prevalence being related to pyogenic granuloma. Additionally, oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) was the most common neoplasm, and exophytic changes and color changes were the most frequent clinical signs. CONCLUSIONS: The study findings indicated the high prevalence of gingival pathological lesions. Although most biopsies were reactive in nature, a few cases were malignant, which must be considered by practitioners. Further research is needed to achieve a clear impression about non-neoplastic lesions so as to develop more helpful oral health planning.

Influence of ß-glucan extracted from hull-less barley on droplet characterization, stability and rheological properties of soy protein isolate stabilized oil-in-water emulsions.

In this study the effect of ultrasonically extracted ß-glucan from hull-less barley (UBG, 0.25-0.75% w/w) on soy protein isolate (SPI, 4-12% w/w) stabilized oil-in-water emulsions was investigated. The results indicated that with increasing UBG concentration, zeta potential, droplets' specific surface area and emulsion stability increased; whereas, the surface and interfacial tensions, Sauter mean diameter (D3,2) and the De Brouckere Mean Diameter (D4,3), span value and creaming index decreased. Non-Newtonian shear-thinning (pseudoplastic) behavior was observed for oil-in-water emulsions stabilized by UBG. With increase in UBG and SPI concentrations, emulsion's flow behavior index (n) and consistency coefficient (k) increased and decreased; respectively. At all UBG and SPI concentrations, emulsions stored at 4 °C were more stable.

Dimensioning of Wide-Area Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) System for IoT-Based Automation.

Water, one of the most valuable resources, is underutilized in irrigated rice production. The yield of rice, a staple food across the world, is highly dependent on having proper irrigation systems. Alternate wetting and drying (AWD) is an effective irrigation method mainly used for irrigated rice production. However, unattended, manual, small-scale, and discrete implementations cannot achieve the maximum benefit of AWD. Automation of large-scale (over 1000 acres) implementation of AWD can be carried out using wide-area wireless sensor network (WSN). An automated AWD system requires three different WSNs: one for water level and environmental monitoring, one for monitoring of the irrigation system, and another for controlling the irrigation system. Integration of these three different WSNs requires proper dimensioning of the AWD edge elements (sensor and actuator nodes) to reduce the deployment cost and make it scalable. Besides field-level monitoring, the integration of external control parameters, such as real-time weather forecasts, plant physiological data, and input from farmers, can further enhance the performance of the automated AWD system. Internet of Things (IoT) can be used to interface the WSNs with external data sources. This research focuses on the dimensioning of the AWD system for the multilayer WSN integration and the required algorithms for the closed loop control of the irrigation system using IoT. Implementation of the AWD for 25,000 acres is shown as a possible use case. Plastic pipes are proposed as the means to transport and control proper distribution of water in the field, which significantly helps to reduce conveyance loss. This system utilizes 250 pumps, grouped into 10 clusters, to ensure equal water distribution amongst the users (field owners) in the wide area. The proposed automation algorithm handles the complexity of maintaining proper water pressure throughout the pipe network, scheduling the pump, and controlling the water outlets. Mathematical models are presented for proper dimensioning of the AWD. A low-power and long-range sensor node is developed due to the lack of cellular data coverage in rural areas, and its functionality is tested using an IoT platform for small-scale field trials.

Sex Dimorphism in Pain Threshold and Neuroinflammatory Response: The Protective Effect of Female Sexual Hormones on Behavior and Seizures in an Allergic Rhinitis Model.

Our previous research demonstrated that allergic rhinitis could impact behavior and seizure threshold in male mice. However, due to the complex hormonal cycles and hormonal influences on behavior in female mice, male mice are more commonly used for behavioral tests. In this study, we aimed to determine whether these findings were replicable in female mice and to explore the potential involvement of sexual hormones in regulating neuroinflammation in an allergic model. Our results indicate that pain threshold was decreased in female mice with allergic rhinitis and the levels of IL-23/IL-17A/IL-17R were increased in their Dorsal root ganglia. However, unlike males, female mice with AR did not display neuropsychological symptoms such as learning and memory deficits, depression, and anxiety-like behavior. This was along with decreased levels of DNA methyl transferase 1 (DNMT1) and inflammatory cytokines in their hippocampus. Ovariectomized mice were used to mitigate hormonal effects, and the results showed that they had behavioral changes and neuroinflammation in their hippocampus similar to male mice, as well as increased levels of DNMT1. These findings demonstrate sex differences in how allergic rhinitis affects behavior, pain sensitivity, and seizure thresholds. Furthermore, our data suggest that DNMT1 may be influenced by sexual hormones, which could play a role in modulating inflammation in allergic conditions.

Thrombotic triad in microgravity.

Thrombotic disease may be an underdiagnosed condition of prolonged exposure to microgravity and yet the underlying factors remain poorly defined. Recently, an internal jugular vein thrombosis was diagnosed in a low-risk female astronaut after an approximately 7-week space mission. Six of the additional 10 crew members demonstrated jugular venous flow risk factors, such as suspicious stagnation or retroversion. Fortunately, all were asymptomatic. Observations in space as well as clinical and in vitro microgravity studies on Earth, where experiments are designed to recapitulate the conditions of space, suggest effects on blood flow stasis, coagulation, and vascular function. In this article, the related literature on thrombotic disease in space is reviewed, with consideration of these elements of Virchow's triad.

"Niclosamide: A potential antipruritic agent by modulating serotonin pathway through metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs)".

Pruritus is an uncomfortable sensation induced by various pruritogens, including serotonin. Serotonin, acting as an inflammatory mediator, can activate a histamine-independent pathway. Consequently, many anti-pruritus medications, such as antihistamines, are not effective in adequately relieving patient symptoms. Niclosamide, an anthelmintic drug, has recently demonstrated an affinity for Metabotropic glutamate receptors (mGluRs). mGluRs are a group of receptors activated by glutamate, and they are involved in regulating neuronal excitability. In this study, we utilized mouse models of serotonergic itch and administered different doses of Niclosamide to examine the expression of mGluR1, mGluR5, and 5-HT2. The administration of 5 mg/kg Niclosamide successfully suppressed pruritus in the mice. Additionally, the levels of mGluR1, mGluR5, 5-HT2, and TRPV1 were significantly reduced. These findings suggest that Niclosamide holds promise as a potential antipruritic drug.

Lasmiditan ameliorates serotonergic itch in mice: Possible involvement of 5-HT1F receptors.

Previously, some allergic conditions involving pruritus have been linked to migraine, raising the possibility that migraine and itching may be governed by similar underlying mechanisms. We aimed to investigate the efficacy of Lasmiditan, a highly selective agonist of the 5-hydroxytryptamine 1F (5-HT1F) receptor and a recently approved medication for the treatment of migraine headaches, in ameliorating serotonergic itching. Forty animals were employed in the present study (n = 40). Eight animals were randomly assigned to each of the following study groups (n = 8, in each group): (1) "Normal Saline": This group was given intradermal injections of normal saline (2) "5-HT": The animals were injected with intradermal 5-HT, which was used to induce itching. (3) "Lasmiditan 0.3", "Lasmiditan 1", and "Lasmiditan 3" groups: injected with 5-HT as well as intraperitoneal Lasmiditan at different dose levels (0.3, 1, and 3 mg/kg, respectively). Scratching behavior was recorded for 60 min, and the skin tissue of three mice was sampled at the end of the behavioral experiment to assess the levels of TLR-4, IL-31, 5-HT1F receptor, CGRP & TRPV4. In the present study, we found that Lasmiditan when administered at 1 mg/kg effectively reduced serotonin-induced itching compared to the "5-HT" group (P < 0.0001). Following the administration of Lasmiditan (1 mg/kg), the expression levels of the 5-HT1F receptor significantly increased (P < 0.01). Further, the levels of TLR-4, IL-31, CGRP & TRPV4 were substantially reduced upon the administration of Lasmiditan (1 mg/kg). We found that Lasmiditan is effective in reducing serotonergic itch in mice through its interaction with the 5-HT1F receptor in the skin tissue of mice.

Beyond the lungs: Exploring diverse applications of bromhexine and ambroxol.

The respiratory tract is commonly affected in multisystem disorders. Although many drugs have been developed to target various components of these diseases, there is still a need for effective treatments that can address both respiratory and non-respiratory symptoms. Bromhexine and ambroxol are mucolytic agents with a good safety profile that are widely used to treat respiratory conditions. These compounds seem to present several unresolved questions when carrying out their therapeutic effects, suggesting that they may not merely improve mucociliary clearance. These assumptions have provided the basis for researchers to investigate the specific characteristics of bromhexine and ambroxol. This has led to the emergence of several repositionings for this compound. Accordingly, these compounds have also shown potential benefits in the treatment of various extrapulmonary disorders, including neurological disorders, and inflammatory bowel disease. We gathered findings from relevant studies published in English between 1970 and December 2023 by searching databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embase, and the Cochrane Library. Our findings revealed that most of the research on extrapulmonary uses has been conducted at the preclinical level. Accordingly, more clinical studies are needed to determine the effectiveness of bromhexine and ambroxol in these conditions. This article provides an overview of the potential extrapulmonary applications of bromhexine and ambroxol and discusses the potential advantages of using these drugs in multisystem disorders.

Effects of silymarin as adjuvant drug on serum levels of CTRP3, anti-cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP), and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) in rheumatoid arthritis patients.

Silymarin is known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. We investigated these effects on serum levels of CTRP3, Anti-CCP, and hs-CRP in individuals with Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). In this study, 42 individuals with RA were recruited and their serum specimens were collected, serum levels of hs-CRP, AntiCCP antibodies, and CTRP3 were measured using ELISA. DNA was extracted and investigated for the existence of possible new mutations in the gene encoding CTRP3 using the PCR technique; the desired fragments were then amplified and sequenced. Another blood sample was collected from the case group after taking livergol for three months (3 doses of 140 mg/day) and the tests were repeated. Anti-CCP Abs levels in the postintervention responding group decreased compared to preintervention (p<0.001) while in the non-responding group, the levels increased after the intervention compared to the levels before the intervention (p=0.019). Additionally, CTRP3 levels in the responding group increased postintervention (p=0.003), however, in the non-responding group the levels decreased postintervention when compared to preintervention (p=0.02). The responding group had significantly lower levels of hs-CRP when compared to that of preintervention (p=0.005) whereas the non-responding group had significantly higher levels of postintervention (p<0.001). Moreover, the results of sequencings of exon 6 on CTRP3 gene showed the presence of mutations in exon 6 (position 215:C>T, 338:G>A, 359:A>C, and 153:T>C). Silymarin could be used as an adjuvant in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Systematic inspection on the interplay between MoNa-induced sodium and the formation of MoSe2 intermediate layer in CIGSe/Mo heterostructures.

The critical impact of sodium-doped molybdenum (MoNa) in shaping the MoSe2 interfacial layer, influencing the electrical properties of CIGSe/Mo heterostructures, and achieving optimal MoSe2 formation conditions, leading to improved hetero-contact quality. Notably, samples with a 600-nm-thick MoNa layer demonstrate the highest resistivity (73 µΩcm) and sheet resistance (0.45 Ω/square), highlighting the substantial impact of MoNa layer thickness on electrical conductivity. Controlled sodium diffusion through MoNa layers is essential for achieving desirable electrical characteristics, influencing Na diffusion rates, grain sizes, and overall morphology, as elucidated by EDX and FESEM analyses. Additionally, XRD results provide insights into the spontaneous peeling-off phenomenon, with the sample featuring a ~ 600-nm MoNa layer displaying the strongest diffraction peak and the largest crystal size, indicative of enhanced Mo to MoSe2 conversion facilitated by sodium presence. Raman spectra further confirm the presence of MoSe2, with its thickness correlating with MoNa layer thickness. The observed increase in resistance and decrease in conductivity with rising MoSe2 layer thickness underscore the critical importance of optimal MoSe2 formation for transitioning from Schottky to ohmic contact in CIGSe/Mo heterostructures. Ultimately, significant factors to the advancement of CIGSe thin-film solar cell production are discussed, providing nuanced insights into the interplay of MoNa and MoSe2, elucidating their collective impact on the electrical characteristics of CIGSe/Mo heterostructures.

The improvement effect of apple cider vinegar as a functional food on anthropometric indices, blood glucose and lipid profile in diabetic patients: a randomized controlled clinical trial.

Background: Numerous medical costs are spent each year on treating and preventing the progression of diabetes. The positive effect of apple cider vinegar (ACV) has been shown on post-prandial hyperglycemia. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of prolonged consumption of ACV on blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial and the participants were adults with type 2 diabetes. Participants were divided into two groups: ACV and control. The ACV group was treated with 30 ml of ACV per day. Both the intervention and control groups received the same recommendation for a healthy diet. Before and after eight weeks, fasting blood glucose, insulin, hemoglobin A1C, insulin resistance, total cholesterol (Chol), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and triglyceride were measured. Results: Fasting blood glucose decreased after intervention in both groups, which was only significant in the ACV group (p = 0.01). There was a significant difference in hemoglobin A1C levels between the two groups (p < 0.001) after eight weeks. LDL was decreased in the ACV group (p < 0.001). Total Chol, LDL/HDL and Chol/HDL ratio decreased after the intervention period in the ACV group compared to the control group (p = 0.003, p = 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively). Conclusion: Daily consumption of ACV may have beneficial effects in controlling blood glucose indices and lipid profile in patients with type 2 diabetes. Clinical trial registration: http://www.irct.ir, identifier IRCT20140107016123N13.

Therapeutic potential of infliximab for pruritus in mice model of cholestasis induced by bile duct ligation: Possible involvement of IL-31.

BACKGROUND: Cholestatic pruritus is a distressful sensation that can cause a massive desire of scratching skin. Despite maximum medication therapy, some patients still experience pruritus. In this study, we evaluated the effect of infliximab on cholestatic pruritus induced in mice by bile duct ligation. METHODS: Twenty-four balb/c mice were randomly assigned to three groups; sham, control, and treatment. The bile duct ligation procedure was performed on mice in the control and treatment groups. After six days, mice in the treatment group received subcutaneous administration of infliximab, and the next day all mice were subjected to the scratching behavior test. Skin, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and blood samples of mice were collected and evaluated by histopathological, molecular, and biochemical tests. RESULTS: The scratching behavior has significantly decreased in mice with cholestasis after the administration of infliximab. The levels of TNFα, TNFR1, TNFR2, NF-κB, and IL-31were higher in control mice compared to sham. In addition, expression levels of TNFR1, NF-κB, and IL-31 were decreased in the treatment group compared to the controls in skin and DRG, while TNFR2 levels were decreased only in DRG. CONCLUSION: Infliximab can block TNFα interaction with receptors and inhibit further inflammatory response. Also, our results suggested that infliximab can suppress IL-31 expression indirectly, which is a well-known cytokine in pruritus pathophysiology Infliximab can be a potential therapeutic approach in resistant pruritus in cholestatic disorders.

Identification and antibiotic pattern analysis of bacillary dysentery causing bacteria isolated from stool samples of infected patients.

Bacillary dysentery is a type of dysentery and a severe form of shigellosis. This dysentery is usually restricted to Shigella infection, but Salmonella enterica and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli strains are also known as this infection's causative agents. The emergence of drug-resistant, bacillary dysentery-causing pathogens is a global burden, especially for developing countries with poor hygienic environments. This study aimed to isolate, identify, and determine the drug-resistant pattern of bacillary dysentery-causing pathogens from the stool samples of the Kushtia region in Bangladesh. Hence, biochemical tests, serotyping, molecular identification, and antibiotic profiling were performed to characterize the pathogens. Among one hundred fifty (150) stool samples, 18 enteric bacterial pathogens were isolated and identified, where 12 were Shigella strains, 5 were S. enterica sub spp. enterica strains and one was the E.coli strain. Among 12 Shigella isolates, 8 were Shigella flexneri 2a serotypes, and 4 were Shigella sonnei Phage-II serotypes. Except for three Salmonella strains, all isolated strains were drug-resistant (83%), whereas 50% were multidrug-resistant (MDR), an alarming issue for public health. In antibiotic-wise analysis, the isolated pathogens showed the highest resistance against nalidixic acid (77.78%), followed by tetracycline (38.89%), kanamycin (38.89%), amoxicillin (27.78%), streptomycin (27.78%), cefepime (22.22%), ceftriaxone (22.22%), ampicillin (16.67%), ciprofloxacin (16.67%), and chloramphenicol (16.67%). The existence of MDR organisms that cause bacillary dysentery in the Kushtia area would warn the public to be more health conscious, and physicians would administer medications cautiously. The gradual growth of MDR pathogenic microorganisms needs immediate attention, and the discovery of effective medications must take precedence. Supplementary information: The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1007/s11756-022-01299-x.

Evaluation of colonic anastomosis healing using hybrid nanosheets containing molybdenum disulfide (MOS2) scaffold of human placental amniotic membrane and polycaprolactone (PCL) in rat animal model.

Anastomosis is a standard technique following different conditions such as obstruction, tumor, and trauma. Obstruction, adhesion, or anastomosis leakage can be some of its complications. To improve healing and prevent postoperative complications, we design a hybrid scaffold containing acellular human amniotic membranes and polycaprolactone-molybdenum disulfide nanosheets for colon anastomosis. The animal model of colocolonic anastomosis was performed on two groups of rats: control and scaffold. The hybrid scaffold was warped around the anastomosis site in the scaffold group. Samples from the anastomosis site were resected on the third and seventh postoperative days for histopathological and molecular assessments. Histopathologic score and burst pressure had shown significant improvement in the scaffold group. No mortality and anastomosis leakage was reported in the scaffold group. In addition, inflammatory markers were significantly decreased, while anti-inflammatory cytokines were increased in the scaffold group. The result indicates that our hybrid scaffold is a proper choice for colorectal anastomosis repair by declining postoperative complications and accelerating healing.

A comparative study on characteristics of composite (Cr3C2-NiCr) clad developed through diode laser and microwave energy.

A typical ferrite/martensitic heat-resistant steel (T91) is widely used in reheaters, superheaters and power stations. Cr3C2-NiCr-based composite coatings are known for wear-resistant coatings at elevated temperature applications. The current work compares the microstructural studies of 75 wt% Cr3C2- 25 wt% NiCr-based composite clads developed through laser and microwave energy on a T91 steel substrate. The developed clads of both processes were characterized through a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM) attached with energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and assessment of Vickers microhardness. The Cr3C2-NiCr based clads of both processes revealed better metallurgical bonding with the chosen substrate. The microstructure of the developed laser clad shows a distinctive dense solidified structure, with a rich Ni phase occupying interdendritic spaces. In the case of microwave clad, the hard chromium carbide particles consistently dispersed within the soft nickel matrix. EDS study evidenced that the cell boundaries are lined with chromium where Fe and Ni were found inside the cells. The X-ray phase analysis of both the processes evidenced the common presence of phases like chromium carbides (Cr7C3, Cr3C2, Cr23C6), Iron Nickel (FeNi3) and chromium-nickel (Cr3Ni2, CrNi), despite these phases iron carbides (Fe7C3) are observed in the developed microwave clads. The homogeneous distributions of such carbides in the developed clad structure of both processes indicated higher hardness. The typical microhardness of the laser-clad (1142 ± 65HV) was about 22% higher than the microwave clad (940 ± 42 HV). Using a ball-on-plate test, the study analyzed microwave and laser-clad samples' wear behavior. Laser-cladding samples showed superior wear resistance due to hard carbide elements. At the same time, microwave-clad samples experienced more surface damage and material loss due to micro-cutting, loosening, and fatigue-induced fracture.

Experimental and numerical assessment of the flexural response of banana fiber sandwich epoxy composite.

Recently, most service or product-oriented industries have been focusing on their activities to uphold the green and sustainable environment protocol owing to the increased environmental pollution. Concerning this issue, industries are now concentrating on developing recyclable or waste materials products. This research advocates developing and validating a banana fiber sandwich composite to promote the beneficial usage of bio-waste. The composite sandwich specimens were fabricated with resin-impregnated woven banana fiber mat as a skin, and the core was reinforced with three different weight percentages (5, 7.5 and 10%) of chopped banana fiber. The sandwich specimens were pressed into a three-point bending test to validate the structural integrity. The flexural characteristics like flexural strength and modulus were examined experimentally, whereas the key strength indices like flexural stiffness and core shear modulus were evaluated analytically. Post-fracture surfaces were studied through a scanning electron microscope to investigate the failure mechanism. The experimental and analytical results indicate that 10% banana fiber content in the sandwich core increases the flexural strength and flexural modulus to 225% and 147%, respectively, compared to the neat epoxy core. The numerical simulation was also performed through FEA to validate the experimental findings. The numerical results are in good concurrence with the experimental one.

Development of sustainable biomass residues for biofuels applications.

A comprehensive understanding of physiochemical properties, thermal degradation behavior and chemical composition is significant for biomass residues before their thermochemical conversion for energy production. In this investigation, teff straw (TS), coffee husk (CH), corn cob (CC), and sweet sorghum stalk (SSS) residues were characterized to assess their potential applications as value-added bioenergy and chemical products. The thermal degradation behavior of CC, CH, TS and SSS samples is calculated using four different heating rates. The activation energy values ranged from 81.919 to 262.238 and 85.737-212.349 kJ mol-1 and were generated by the KAS and FWO models and aided in understanding the biomass conversion process into bio-products. The cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of CC, CH, TS, and SSS were found to be in the ranges of 31.56-41.15%, 23.9-32.02%, and 19.85-25.07%, respectively. The calorific values of the residues ranged from 17.3 to 19.7 MJ/kg, comparable to crude biomass. Scanning electron micrographs revealed agglomerated, irregular, and rough textures, with parallel lines providing nutrient and water transport pathways in all biomass samples. Energy Dispersive X-ray spectra and X-ray diffraction analysis indicated the presence of high carbonaceous material and crystalline nature. FTIR analysis identified prominent band peaks at specific wave numbers. Based on these findings, it can be concluded that these residues hold potential as energy sources for various applications, such as the textile, plastics, paints, automobile, and food additive industries.

Experimental investigation on a solar parabolic collector using water-based multi-walled carbon-nanotube with low volume concentrations.

A limited experimental work was on multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT)-water nanofluid with surfactant in the solar parabolic collector at low volume concentrations. At high-volume concentrated nanofluid, the pressure drop was more due to an increase in the viscosity of the working fluid and an increase in the nanoparticle cost; hence it is not economical. This report attempted to use Sodium Dodecyl Benzene Sulfonate (SDBS) surfactant in the low-volume concentrated MWCNT-water nanofluid to establish effective heat transfer in solar parabolic collector applications. The stable MWCNT-water nanofluid was prepared at 0.0158, 0.0238, and 0.0317 volume concentrations. The experiments were conducted from 10:00 to 16:00 at 6, 6.5 and 7 L/min flow rates concerning ASHRAE Standards. At the 7 L/min flow rate of the working fluid, having a minimum temperature difference between the working fluid and absorber tube leads to better heat transfer. The increased volume concentration of MWCNT in the water enhances the surface area interaction between water and MWCNT nanoparticles. This results in maximum solar parabolic collector efficiency at 0.0317 vol% with a 7 L/min flow rate and 10-11% higher than the distilled water.

Insights into isotherms, kinetics, and thermodynamics of adsorption of acid blue 113 from an aqueous solution of nutraceutical industrial fennel seed spent.

Research studies have been carried out to accentuate Fennel Seed Spent, a by-product of the Nutraceutical Industry, as an inexpensive, recyclable and operational biosorbent for bioremediation of Acid Blue 113 (AB113) in simulated water-dye samples and textile industrial effluent (TIE). The physical process of adhesion of AB113 on the surface of the biosorbent depends on various parameters, such as the initial amount of the dye, amount and expanse of the biosorbent particles, pH of the solution and temperature of the medium. The data obtained was analyzed using three two-parameter and five three-parameter adsorption isotherm models to glean the adsorbent affinities and interaction mechanism of the adsorbate molecules and adsorbent surface. The adsorption feature study is conducted employing models of Weber-Morris, pseudo 1st and 2nd order, diffusion film model, Dumwald-Wagner and Avrami model. The study through 2nd order pseudo and Avrami models produced complementary results for the authentication of experimental data. The thermodynamic features, ΔG0, ΔH0, and ΔS0 of the adsorption process are acclaimed to be almost spontaneous, physical in nature and endothermic in their manifestation. Surface characterization was carried out using Scanner Electron Microscopy, and identification and determination of chemical species and molecular structure was performed using Infrared Spectroscopy (IR). Maximum adsorption evaluated using statistical optimization with different combinations of five independent variables to study the individual as well as combined effects by Fractional Factorial Experimental Design (FFED) was 236.18 mg g-1 under optimized conditions; pH of 2, adsorbent dosage of 0.500 g L-1, and an initial dye concentration of 209.47 mg L-1 for an adsorption time of 126.62 min with orbital shaking of 165 rpm at temperature 49.95 °C.

Neurogenerative Disease Diagnosis in Cepstral Domain Using MFCC with Deep Learning.

Because underlying cognitive and neuromuscular activities regulate speech signals, biomarkers in the human voice can provide insight into neurological illnesses. Multiple motor and nonmotor aspects of neurologic voice disorders arise from an underlying neurologic condition such as Parkinson's disease, multiple sclerosis, myasthenia gravis, or ALS. Voice problems can be caused by disorders that affect the corticospinal system, cerebellum, basal ganglia, and upper or lower motoneurons. According to a new study, voice pathology detection technologies can successfully aid in the assessment of voice irregularities and enable the early diagnosis of voice pathology. In this paper, we offer two deep-learning-based computational models, 1-dimensional convolutional neural network (1D CNN) and 2-dimensional convolutional neural network (2D CNN), that simultaneously detect voice pathologies caused by neurological illnesses or other causes. From the German corpus Saarbruecken Voice Database (SVD), we used voice recordings of sustained vowel /a/ generated at normal pitch. The collected voice signals are padded and segmented to maintain homogeneity and increase the number of samples. Convolutional layers are applied to raw data, and MFCC features are extracted in this project. Although the 1D CNN had the maximum accuracy of 93.11% on test data, model training produced overfitting and 2D CNN, which generalized the data better and had lower train and validation loss despite having an accuracy of 84.17% on test data. Also, 2D CNN outperforms state-of-the-art studies in the field, implying that a model trained on handcrafted features is better for speech processing than a model that extracts features directly.