The Diagnostic Value of Superb Microvascular Imaging in Prediction of Uterine Artery Embolization Treatment Response in Uterine Leiomyomas.

OBJECTIVES: We aimed to determine if superb microvascular imaging (SMI) can predict response to uterine artery embolization (UAE) as compared with power Doppler ultrasound. METHODS: The blood flow and the volume of the dominant leiomyoma was evaluated by power Doppler ultrasonography (PDUS) and SMI 1 day before and 3 months after the UAE procedure. SMI and PDUS blood flow were classified to 4 grades of vascularity. The change in fibroid volume in Grades 0-2 (hypovascular group) was compared to the hypervascular Grade 3 group. RESULTS: Twenty-eight women (mean age, 40.9 years; range, 33-53 years) were examined with PDUS and SMI before and 3 months after UAE. The volume reduction was statistically significantly higher hypervascular group (P < .05). When we accept 30% or more volume reduction as a good response to UAE, the positive predictive value, negative predictive value, sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of SMI were 100, 64, 73.6, 100, and 82.1%, respectively. There was excellent agreement between the two blinded observers in SMI measurements. CONCLUSIONS: SMI, with its high reproducibility, provides further microvessel information than PDUS in uterine fibroids. It may be a useful tool in prediction of response to UAE treatment and improve counseling and patient selection for UAE versus medical or surgical treatment options.

Superb Microvascular Imaging Compared With Power Doppler Ultrasound in Assessing Synovitis of the Knee in Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis: A Preliminary Study.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the efficiency of Superb Microvascular Imaging (SMI; Toshiba Medical Systems, Tustin, CA) in assessing inflammation of the synovium in the knee of patients with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) compared with power Doppler ultrasound (PDUS). METHODS: Both knees of patients with a diagnosis of clinically active JIA were examined with grayscale ultrasound (US). The knees with positive US and physical examination findings were included in group A, whereas the knees with positive US findings despite negative physical examination findings were included in group B. The observers calculated the vascularity index (VI) by manually drawing a region of interest onto the thickest part of the synovium using PDUS and SMI. RESULTS: The median SMI VI (observer 1, 4.9% [interquartile range (IQR), 3.6%]; observer 2, 4.1% [IQR, 4.6%]) exceeded the median PDUS VI (observer 1, 1.5% [IQR, 1.8%]; observer 2, 1.5 [IQR, 1.9%]; P < .0001). In group B, the median SMI VI (observer 1, 2.85% [IQR, 8%]; observer 2, 3.1% [IQR, 6.3%]) exceeded the median PDUS VI (observer 1, 0.5% [IQR, 2%]; observer 2, 0.55% [IQR, 2.3%]; P = .002 and .001 for observers 1 and 2, respectively). No significant differences were observed between groups concerning the PDUS VI and SMI VI (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS: Superb Microvascular Imaging was superior to PDUS in depicting blood flow in the hypertrophied synovial tissue in the knee of patients with clinically active JIA. Superb Microvascular Imaging seems to a promising tool and a valuable adjunct to conventional US in assessing inflammation of the synovial tissue in patients with JIA.

Shear Wave Elastography of the Lumbar Multifidus Muscle in Patients With Unilateral Lumbar Disk Herniation.

OBJECTIVES: To assess lumbar multifidus muscle stiffness in patients with unilateral lumbar disk herniation (LDH) causing nerve root compression using shear wave elastography (SWE). METHODS: Thirty-three patients with unilateral subarticular LDH (L3-L4, L4-L5, and L5-S1) causing nerve root compression, diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging, were enrolled in the study. Exclusion criteria were bilateral or multilevel LDH confirmed on magnetic resonance imaging, bilateral leg symptoms, and patients with a history of any spinal operation, malignancy, trauma, infection, spondylolisthesis, severe lateral recess stenosis, spinal canal stenosis, and substantial comorbidities. Two observers separately evaluated the multifidus muscle using SWE. Shear wave elastographic examinations of the muscle were performed slightly below the herniation using the spinous process of the vertebra as a landmark. The stiffness of the muscle between affected and normal sides was compared. Moreover, the correlation between the stiffness and duration of the symptoms and the correlation between the stiffness and severity of the nerve compression were also calculated. RESULTS: The mean stiffness values of the multifidus muscle on the affected side (mean ± SD: observer 1, 14.08 ± 3.57 kPa; observer 2, 13.70 ± 4.05 kPa) were significantly lower compared to the contralateral side (observer 1, 18.81 ± 3.95 kPa; observer 2, 18.28 ± 4.12 kPa; P < .001). The muscle stiffness had a moderate negative correlation with the duration of the symptoms and the severity of the nerve compression (observer 1, r = -0.535; observer 2, r = -0.458; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: The multifidus muscle on the ipsilateral side of the LDH showed reduced stiffness values, and stiffness values were negatively correlated with the disease duration and severity of the nerve compression. Further studies might reveal the potential role of SWE of the multifidus muscle in determining clinical outcomes and assessing effectiveness treatment in patients with LDH.

Loss of skeletal muscle area and fat-free mass during dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments in patients with BRAF-mutant metastatic malignant melanoma.

This study aimed to assess whether dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments are associated with a change in skeletal muscle area (SMA) and total fat-free mass (FFM) assessed by computed tomography (CT), and to compare the efficacy and safety profile of these treatments in patients with metastatic melanoma. Thirty-one patients treated with B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase/MAPK extracellular receptor kinase inhibitors were included between 2016 and 2019. Eighteen patients received dabrafenib/trametinib and remaining patients received vemurafenib/cobimetinib. CT scans were performed at baseline and at 4-6 months of follow-up to measure cross-sectional areas of SMA. FFM and skeletal muscle index (SMI) values were calculated. Of the patients, including 18 treated with dabrafenib/trametinib (58.1%) and 13 with vemurafenib/cobimetinib (41.9%); 58.1% were male, 41.9% were female and median age was 52 years. A significant decrease in SMA was observed after dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively). A significant decrease in FFM values was observed after dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib treatments (P = 0.003 and P = 0.002, respectively). Dose-limiting toxicity (DLT) was observed in 35.9% of the patients with sarcopenia. No significant difference was seen between the dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib groups in median progression-free survival (PFS) (11.9 vs. 7.3 months, respectively, P = 0.28) and in median overall survival (OS) (25.46 vs. 13.7 months, respectively, P = 0.41). Baseline sarcopenia was not significantly associated with PFS or OS (P = 0.172 and P = 0.326, respectively). We found a significant decrease in SMI values determined at 4-6 months compared to the values before treatment both in dabrafenib/trametinib and vemurafenib/cobimetinib groups. DLT was similar with both treatments. Baseline sarcopenia was not significantly associated with PFS or OS.