International Expert Consensus on Defining Textbook Oncologic Outcomes in Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy for Colorectal Peritoneal Metastasis.

BACKGROUND: Textbook oncologic outcome (TOO) is a composite metric shown to correlate with improved survival after curative intent oncologic procedures. Despite increasing use among disciplines in surgical oncology, no consensus exists for its definition in cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC). STUDY DESIGN: An international consensus-based study employed a Delphi methodology to achieve agreement. Fifty-four senior surgeons from the peritoneal surface malignancies field received a questionnaire comprising TOO parameters divided into 3 surgical domains: operative, short-term, and long-term postoperative outcomes. Two online meetings with participants defined the new criteria. Consensus was achieved when 75% of agreement rate was reached. Clinical data of patients who underwent CRS and HIPEC for colorectal peritoneal metastasis between 2010 and 2022 from 1 designated center (Sheba Medical Center) were collected, the consensus definition applied and outcomes analyzed. RESULTS: Thirty-eight surgeons (70%) participated. Expert consensus TOO parameters for colorectal peritoneal metastasis CRS and HIPEC included the absence of unplanned reoperations during 30 days postoperation, absence of severe postoperative complications (Clavien-Dindo ≥III), absence of unplanned readmissions during 30 days postoperation, 90-day postoperative mortality, and absence of contraindications for chemotherapy within 12 weeks from operation, and included the achievement of complete cytoreduction (CC0). The study cohort consisted of 251 patients, and 151 (60%) met TOO criteria. Patients who achieved TOO had significantly better overall survival (median 67.5 months, 95% CI) vs patients who did not achieve TOO (median 44.6 months, 95% CI, p < 0.001) and significantly improved disease-free survival (median, 12 months, 95% CI, vs 9 months, 95% CI, p = 0.01). CONCLUSIONS: Achievement of TOO as defined by consensus statement is associated with improved survival.

Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy in colorectal cancer.

BACKGROUND: This study evaluated the efficacy of hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) in colorectal cancer with peritoneal metastases (pmCRC) in a large international data set of patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with pmCRC from 39 centres who underwent cytoreductive surgery with HIPEC between 1991 and 2018 were selected and compared for the HIPEC protocols received-oxaliplatin-HIPEC versus mitomycin-HIPEC. Following analysis of crude data, propensity-score matching (PSM) and Cox-proportional hazard modelling were performed. Outcomes of interest were overall survival (OS), recurrence-free survival (RFS) and the HIPEC dose-response effects (high versus low dose, dose intensification and double drug protocols) on OS, RFS and 90-day morbidity. Furthermore, the impact of the treatment time period was assessed. RESULTS: Of 2760 patients, 2093 patients were included. Median OS was 43 months (95% c.i. 41 to 46 months) with a median RFS of 12 months (95% c.i. 12 to 13 months). The oxaliplatin-HIPEC group had an OS of 47 months (95% c.i. 42 to 53 months) versus 39 months (95% c.i. 36 to 43 months) in the mitomycin-HIPEC group (P = 0.002), aHR 0.77, 95% c.i. 0.67 to 0.90, P < 0.001. The OS benefit persisted after PSM of the oxaliplatin-HIPEC group and mitomycin-HIPEC group (48 months (95% c.i. 42 to 59 months) versus 40 months (95% c.i. 37 to 44 months)), P < 0.001, aHR 0.78 (95% c.i. 0.65 to 0.94), P = 0.009. Similarly, matched RFS was significantly higher for oxaliplatin-HIPEC versus others (13 months (95% c.i. 12 to 15 months) versus 11 months (95% c.i. 10 to 12 months, P = 0.02)). High-dose mitomycin-HIPEC protocols had similar OS compared to oxaliplatin-HIPEC. HIPEC dose intensification within each protocol resulted in improved survival. Oxaliplatin + irinotecan-HIPEC resulted in the most improved OS (61 months (95% c.i. 51 to 101 months)). Ninety-day mortality in both crude and PSM analysis was worse for mitomycin-HIPEC. There was no change in treatment effect depending on the analysed time period. CONCLUSIONS: Oxaliplatin-based HIPEC provided better outcomes compared to mitomycin-based HIPEC. High-dose mitomycin-HIPEC was similar to oxaliplatin-HIPEC. The 90-day mortality difference favours the oxaliplatin-HIPEC group. A trend for dose-response between low- and high-dose HIPEC was reported.

Propuesta de enfoque diagnóstico y terapéutico de la carcinomatosis peritoneal originada en el colon / A diagnostic and therapeutic proposal in peritoneal carcinomatosis originating in the large bowel

Introducción. El cáncer colorrectal corresponde a la cuarta causa de cáncer a nivel mundial, con una incidencia de 17,2 por cada 100.000 habitantes, y en Colombia es de 10,6 por 100.000, con gran mortalidad. El cáncer metastásico a peritoneo se considera una condición sistémica, para la cual se ofrece la quimioterapia paliativa por su mal pronóstico. La cirugía citorreductora junto con la quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal, constituye una gran opción para estos pacientes, optimizando su condición y la supervivencia global. La adecuada selección de los pacientes permite mitigar las complicaciones secundarias al procedimiento. Objetivo. Plantear un flujograma para la selección de los pacientes con carcinomatosis colorrectal utilizando la escala de gravedad de la enfermedad de la superficie peritoneal, para administrar quimioterapia hipertérmica intraperitoneal. Materiales y métodos. Se hizo una búsqueda sistemática de los artículos en las bases de datos Pubmed, Embase y Cochrane, con los términos MeSH: "colorectal cancer", "peritoneal metastases" y "peritoneal carcinomatosis"; se encontraron cuatro artículos basados en el uso de la cirugía citorreductora y la quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica, que valoraban las características de los pacientes, el tratamiento recibido y su seguimiento. Resultados y discusión. Se propone un flujograma con base en las características clínicas, imaginológicas e histológicas, que permite clasificar la gravedad de los pacientes y, por lo tanto, definir quiénes se beneficiarían de la quimioterapia sistémica frente a la quimioterapia intraperitoneal hipertérmica, con la finalidad de disminuir la tasa de complicaciones y optimizar su manejo.

Introduction. Colorectal cancer is the fourth leading cause of cancer worldwide, with an incidence of 17.2 per 100,000 population, and in Colombia the incidence is 10.6 per 100,000, associated with high mortality. Metastatic cancer to the peritoneum is considered a systemic condition, for which only palliative chemotherapy is offered due to the poor prognosis. Cytoreductive surgery plus intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy is great option for these patients, optimizing their condition and overall survival. Objective. The aim of this article is to propose a flowchart for the selection of patients with colorectal carcinomatosis using the severity score scale of surface peritioneal disease for the proper administration of intraperitoneal hyperthermic chemotherapy. Material and methods. We completed a systematic search for articles in the PubMed, EMBASE and COCHRANE data bases with the MESH terms "colorectal cancer", "peritoneal metastases" and "peritoneal carcinomatosis", encountering four articles based on the use of cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy that assessed the patients characteristics, the treatment received, and the follow-up. Results and discussion. We propose a flow diagram based on the clinical, imaging and histological characteristics, that allows classifying the severity of the disease, and therefore define those that can benefit from systemic chemotherapy versus hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy, and thus reduce complications rates and optimize management.

Cytoreductive Surgery and Hyperthermic Intraperitoneal Chemotherapy (HIPEC) in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies of colonic

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy (HIPEC) continues to play an increasing role in the management of peritoneal surface malignancies of colorectal origin. The prognosis of patients and the responses to cytoreductive surgery and HIPEC depend on the histology, the degree of malignant transformation, the adequacy of the cytoreductive surgery, and the response to systemic therapy. Continuous interaction between medical and surgical oncologists is needed to identify the most appropriate patients for and the most efficient sequence of the available therapeutic modalities.