RESUMEN
A series of tubes: The continuous manufacture of a finished drug product starting from chemical intermediates is reported. The continuous pilot-scale plant used a novel route that incorporated many advantages of continuous-flow processes to produce active pharmaceutical ingredients and the drug product in one integrated system.
Asunto(s)
Composición de Medicamentos , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/síntesis química , Ácidos/química , Amidas/síntesis química , Amidas/química , Amidas/aislamiento & purificación , Catálisis , Cristalización , Fumaratos/síntesis química , Fumaratos/química , Fumaratos/aislamiento & purificación , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/química , Preparaciones Farmacéuticas/aislamiento & purificación , Tecnología FarmacéuticaRESUMEN
The interactions of antifreeze protein (AFP) type I, antifreeze glycoproteins, polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), and various amino acids with ice are investigated using Cerius2, a molecular modelling tool. Binding energies of these additives to a major ice crystal face {001} are computed. Binding energy comparison of threonine molecules (by themselves) and as threonine residues within AFP type I demonstrate their role in improving AFP's binding ability to the ice crystal face. The shifts in onset points of ice crystallization with AFP type I, PVP, and amino acids are measured using differential scanning calorimetry. These values when correlated with their respective binding energies reveal a direct proportionality and demonstrate AFP's effectiveness in inhibiting growth and nucleation of ice, over amino acids.