Antifungal efficacy of biogenic waste derived colloidal/nanobiochar against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex.

Anthracnose caused by Colletotrichum spp. usually resulting in significant postharvest losses in the banana production chain. This study investigated the inhibitory effect of corn cob colloidal/nanobiochar (CCN) and Gliricidia sepium wood colloidal/nanobiochar (GCN) on the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. The CCN and GCN materials were synthesized and thoroughly characterized using various techniques, including UV-Vis and Fluorescence spectroscopy. Then after the fungal growth was examined on Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA) media supplemented with different CCN and GCN concentrations of 0.4 - 20 g/L and CCN and GCN with zeolite at various weight percentages of 10% to 50% w/w. Results from the characterization revealed that CCN exhibited a strong UV absorbance peak value of 0.630 at 203 nm, while GCN had a value of 0.305 at 204 nm. In terms of fluorescence emission, CCN displayed a strong peak intensity of 16,371 at 412 nm, whereas GCN exhibited a strong peak intensity of 32,691 at 411 nm. Both CCN and GCN, at concentrations ranging from 1 to 8 and 0.4 - 20 g/L, respectively, displayed notable reductions in mycelial densities and inhibited fungal growth compared to the control. Zeolite incorporation further enhanced the antifungal effect. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to demonstrate the promising potential of colloidal/nanobiochar in effectively controlling anthracnose disease. The synthesized CCN and GCN demonstrate promising antifungal potential against Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex, offering the potential for the development of novel and effective antifungal strategies for controlling anthracnose disease in Musa spp.

Synthesis of New Hybrid Structured Magnetite Crosslinked Poly Ionic Liquid for Efficient Removal of Coomassie Brilliant Blue R-250 Dye in Aqueous Medium.

In this work, new crosslinked pyridinium poly ionic liquid and its magnetite hybrid structured composite were prepared and applied to remove the toxic dye Coomassie Brilliant Blue (CBB-R250) from aqueous solutions. In this respect, vinyl pyridine, maleic anhydride, and dibromo nonane were used to prepare crosslinked quaternized vinyl pyridinium/maleic anhydride ionic liquid (CQVP-MA). Furthermore, a linear copolymer was prepared by the reaction of vinyl pyridine with bromo nonane followed by its copolymerization with maleic anhydride in order to use it as a capping agent for magnetite nanoparticles. The monodisperse MNPs were incorporated into the crosslinked PIL (CQVP-MA) by ultrasonication to prepare CQVP-MA/Fe3O4 composite to facilitate its recovery using an external magnetic field and enhance its adsorption capacity. The chemical structures, thermal stabilities, zeta potential, particle size, EDS, and SEM of the prepared CQVP-MA and CQVP-MA/Fe3O4 were investigated. Adsorption kinetics, isotherms, and mechanisms of CB-R250 elimination from aqueous solutions using CQVP-MA and CQVP-MA/Fe3O4 were also studied, and the results revealed that the pseudo second-order kinetic model and the Langmuir isotherm model were the most suitable to describe the CBB adsorption from an aqueous solution. The adsorption capacities of CQVP-MA and CQVP-MA/Fe3O4 were found to be 1040 and 1198, respectively, which are more than those for previously reported material in the literature with reasonable stability for five cycles.

New Amphiphilic Ionic Liquids for the Demulsification of Water-in-Heavy Crude Oil Emulsion.

This work aimed to use abietic acid (AA), as a widely available natural product, as a precursor for the synthesis of two new amphiphilic ionic liquids (AILs) and apply them as effective demulsifiers for water-in-crude oil (W/O) emulsions. AA was esterified using tetraethylene glycol (TEG) in the presence of p-toluene sulfonic acid (PTSA) as a catalyst obtaining the corresponding ester (AATG). AATG was reacted with 1-vinylimidazole (VIM) throughout the Diels-Alder reaction, forming the corresponding adduct (ATI). Following this, ATI was quaternized using alkyl iodides, ethyl iodide (EI), and hexyl iodide (HI) to obtain the corresponding AILs, ATEI-IL, and ATHI-IL, respectively. The chemical structure, surface activity, thermal stability, and relative solubility number (RSN) were investigated using different techniques. The efficiency of ATEI-IL and ATHI-IL to demulsify W/O emulsions in different crude oil: brine volumetric ratios were evaluated. ATEI-IL and ATHI-IL achieved promising results as demulsifiers. Their demulsification efficiency increased as the brine ratios decreased where their efficiency reached 100% at the crude oil: brine ratio (90:10), even at low concentrations.

Hybrid Ionic Silver and Magnetite Microgels Nanocomposites for Efficient Removal of Methylene Blue.

The ionic crosslinked 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid-co-acrylic acid hydrogel, AMPS/AA and its Ag and Fe3O4 composites were synthesized using an in situ technique. The surface charge, particle sizes, morphology, and thermal stability of the prepared AMPS/AA-Ag and AMPS/AA-Fe3O4 composites were evaluated using different analytical techniques and their adsorption characteristics were evaluated to remove the methylene blue cationic dye, MB, from their aqueous solutions at optimum conditions. Also, the same monomers were used to synthesize AMPS/AA microgel and its Ag and Fe3O4 nanocomposites, which were synthesized using the same technique. The AMPS/AA-Fe3O4 nanocomposite was selected as conventional iron-supported catalyst due to the presence of both Fe(II) and Fe(III) species besides its magnetic properties that allow their easy, fast, and inexpensive separation from the aqueous solution. It was then evaluated as a heterogeneous catalyst for complete MB degradation from aqueous solution by heterogeneous Fenton oxidation. It achieved a high rate of degradation, degrading 100 mg L-1 of MB during a short time of 35 min as compared with the reported literature.

Application of Super-Amphiphilic Silica-Nanogel Composites for Fast Removal of Water Pollutants.

This work first reports the preparation of super-amphiphilic silica-nanogel composites to reduce the contact angle of water to increase the diffusion of pollutant into adsorbents. In this respect, the silica nanoparticles were encapsulated into nanogels based on ionic and nonionic polyacrylamides by dispersion polymerization technique. The morphologies and the dispersion stability of nanogel composites were investigated to clarify the ability of silica-nanogel composites to adsorb at different interfaces. The feasibility of silica polyacrylamide nanogel composites to act as a high-performance adsorbent for removal of methylene blue (MB) dye and heavy metals (Co2+ and Ni2+) from aqueous solution was investigated. The surface tension, contact angle, average pore size, and zeta potential of the silica-nanogel composites have been evaluated. The MB dye and heavy metal adsorption capacity achieved Qmax = 438-387 mg/g which is considerably high. The adsorption capacity results are explained from the changes in the morphology of the silica surfaces as recorded from scanning electron microscopy (SEM).

Synthesis of silver nanoparticles by green method stabilized to synthetic human stomach fluid.

Silver nanoparticles (Ag NP) have been attracted much attention in recent years in biomedical applications due to their antimicrobial activity, but their drawbacks include toxicity and instability to aqueous hydrochloric acid solutions. Ag NPs have now been successfully prepared by a simple and "green" synthesis method by reducing Ag+ ions in the presence of modified poly(vinyl alcohol) thiol (PVA-SH) in aqueous acidic solution. In this respect, Ag NPs were stabilized by coating different types of citrate-reduced Ag NPs with different weight ratios (1-3 Wt. %) of PVSH derivatives. The as-prepared Ag NPs were characterized using UV-Visible, high resolution transmission electron microscopy/ energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM/EDS), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) combined with Rietveld analysis. The changes in size, shape, and hydrodynamic diameter of Ag NPs after different duration exposure to synthetic stomach fluid (SSF) and1 M HCl were determined using TEM, XRD and UV-Visible analyses. The data indicated that these Ag NPs possessed high stability to SSF for more than 90 days, which was not previously reported in the literature.

Preparation of crosslinked amphiphilic silver nanogel as thin film corrosion protective layer for steel.

Monodisperse silver nanoparticles were synthesized by a new developed method via reaction of AgNO3 and oleic acid with the addition of a trace amount of Fe3+ ions. Emulsion polymerization at room temperature was employed to prepare a core-shell silver nanoparticle with controllable particle size. N,N'-methylenebisacrylamide (MBA) and potassium peroxydisulfate (KPS) were used as a crosslinker, and as redox initiator system, respectively for crosslinking polymerization. The structure and morphology of the silver nanogels were characterized by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), transmission and scanning electron microscopy (TEM and SEM). The effectiveness of the synthesized compounds as corrosion inhibitors for steel in 1 M HCl was investigated by various electrochemical techniques such as potentiodynamic polarization and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS). Monolayers of silver nanoparticle were self-assembled on the fresh active surface of the steel electrode and have been tested as a corrosion inhibitor for steel in 1 M HCl solution. The results of polarization measurements showed that nanogel particles act as a mixed type inhibitor.

Removal of phenol from wastewater using Luffa cylindrica fibers in a packed bed column: Optimization, isotherm and kinetic studies.

This research entails a comparison of the effectiveness of unmodified Luffa cylindrica fiber in a fully packed bed (RLCF) and NaOH-modified Luffa cylindrica fiber in another fully packed bed (MLCF) in the context of phenol removal from wastewater. Experimental data obtained through batch adsorption experiments were utilized to determine the most suitable model. It was observed that as the initial concentration of phenol increased from 100 to 500 mg/l, the maximum percentage removal increased from 63.5 to 83.1% for RLCF-PB and from 89.9 to 99.5% for MLCF-PB. The correlation coefficient (R2) was calculated for the Langmuir, Freundlich, Temkin, Harkin-Jura, Halsey, and Flory-Huggins models for both materials. The analysis revealed that the pseudo-second-order model was the most suitable, followed by the Elovich model, with the pseudo-first-order model being the least suitable. The Weber-Morris diffusion model suggested that pore diffusion was the rate-determining step, and diffusion at the border layer was determined to be endothermic, feasible, heterogeneous, and spontaneous. In summary, this study indicates that MLCF-PB is a promising material for the efficient removal of phenol from aqueous solutions.

Investigating the properties and agronomic benefits of onion peel and chicken feather-derived biochars.

Biochar production from unconventional biomass, specifically onion peel (OP) and chicken feathers (CF), was investigated in this study. Two distinct biochars were produced by doping each biomass with the other, with the aim of exploring the synergistic effects of different feedstock combinations on biochar properties. The biochar production process was conducted using a retort heating method and characterized using several techniques. A yield of 36 % was obtained for OP-doped biochar (OP92CF8-BC) and 23 % for CF-doped biochar (F92OP8-BC). Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy analysis revealed characteristic functional groups from cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin in OP92CF8-BC, while CF92OP8-BC displayed keratin-related peaks. Scanning Electron Microscopy imaging showed surface morphology differences, with OP92CF8-BC exhibiting a rougher and more porous structure compared to CF92OP8-BC. Energy-Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy analysis confirmed the elemental composition, with OP92CF8-BC having higher carbon, calcium, and sulfur contents and CF92OP8-BC having higher nitrogen and oxygen contents. The biochar had specific surface areas of 342.4 and 200.80 m2/g for OP92CF8-BC and CF92OP8-BC, respectively. According to the results, using biochar treatments-more especially, CF92OP8-BC-can significantly enhance cob weight. This could be good for agricultural productivity. These findings highlight the influence of feedstock composition on the properties of biochar and provide insights for its potential applications in soil amendment and pollutant removal.

Nephroprotective Effect of Hibiscus Sabdariffa Leaf Flavonoid Extracts via KIM-1 and TGF-1ß Signaling Pathways in Streptozotocin-Induced Rats.

Diabetes-induced kidney damage represents a substantial health hazard, emphasizing the imperative to explore potential therapeutic interventions. This study investigates the nephroprotective activity of flavonoid-rich extracts from Hibiscus sabdariffa leaves in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. The flavonoid-rich extracts of H. sabdariffa leaves was obtained using a standard procedure. The animals were induced with streptozotocin and thereafter treated with both low (LDHSFL) and high doses (HDHSFL) of flavonoid-rich extracts from H. sabdariffa leaves and metformin (MET), and other groups are diabetic control (DC) and normal control (NC). The study assesses diverse renal parameters, encompassing kidney redox stress biomarkers, serum electrolyte levels, kidney inflammatory biomarkers, serum concentrations of creatinine, urea, and uric acid, kidney phosphatase activities, renal histopathology, and relative gene expressions of kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) and transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-1ß), comparing these measurements with normal and diabetic control groups (NC and DC). The findings indicate that the use of extracts from H. sabdariffa leaves markedly (p < 0.05) enhanced renal well-being by mitigating nephropathy, as demonstrated through the adjustment of various biochemical and gene expression biomarkers, indicating a pronounced antioxidative and anti-inflammatory effect, improved kidney morphology, and mitigation of renal dysfunction. These findings suggest that H. sabdariffa leaf flavonoid extracts exhibit nephroprotective properties, presenting a potential natural therapeutic approach for the treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

One-Step Synthesis of New Amphiphilic Nonionic Surfactants Based on Alkylamine and Poly(ethylene glycol) Dimethacrylate for Demulsification of Arabian Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions.

New non-ionic surfactants based on alkylamine and poly(ethylene glycol) dimethacrylate were synthesized by one-step Aza-Michael addition reaction. The surfactants' chemical compositions, surface and interfacial activities, micellization, and zeta potential were characterized. Their surface and interfacial activities recommended the application as demulsifiers for water in Arabian heavy oil emulsions (w/o). The demulsification of this type of emulsion has attracted researchers' attention because of its high stability with water droplets in the microscale. The outcome of using the prepared surfactants showed high performance as emulsion breakers, as the demulsification efficiency reached 100% for w/o emulsions with different water to oil ratios (50:50, 30:70, and 10:90).

Enhanced Delivery of Insulin through Acrylamide-Modified Chitosan Containing Smart Carrier System.

The present study develops on insulin-release studies from the chitosan-amide-modified stimuli-responsive polymers formed from various fatty acids including stearic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, and linolenic acid. This is the continuation of an earlier reported study that investigates the insulin-release profiles of chitosan-modified fatty acid amides (without stimuli responsive polymers). Following the synthesis and characterization of many different fatty acid amides with a varying amount of unsaturation, the insulin drug loading and release effects were compared among N-isopropylacrylamide (NIPAm), a thermo-responsive polymer, and 2-acrylamide-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid (AMPS), a pH-responsive polymer-modified hydrogel that is expected to enhance environmental response and the controllability of release. Finally, drug release effects were studied to investigate the drug release mechanisms with the help of five different pharmacokinetic models including the zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyers-Peppas, and Hixson models. The results indicate that the Higuchi and Hixson models are valid in terms of the operation of the NIPAm and AMPS matrices during the delivery of insulin.

New Amphiphilic Tricationic Imidazolium and Pyridinium Ionic Liquids for Demulsification of Arabic Heavy Crude Oil Brine Emulsions.

Preparation of new green oilfield chemicals based on ionic liquids (ILs) having higher demulsification efficiency to solve the heavy crude oil brine water emulsions became a target in the petroleum research studies and industry. In the present work, the combination of pyridinium, imidazolium, and hydrophilic or hydrophobic moieties in the chemical structure of ILs has been investigated to improve the surface properties of ILs in both bulk solution and interfaces. Aminopyridine was quaternized with cetylbromide and condensed with glyoxal and 4-hydroxybenzaldehyde in acetic acid to prepare imidazolium-pyridinium bromide acetate ionic liquid (IPy-IL). The phenol group of IPy-IL was etherified with tetraethylene glycol to alter its amphiphilicity and synthesize new amphiphiles (AIPy-IL). Their chemical structure, thermal characteristics, and stabilities were characterized. Their aqueous solution performance in seawater was evaluated to investigate their surface activity, aggregation particle sizes, and surface charges. The demulsification performances of the prepared Arabic heavy crude oil seawater emulsions in the presence of different concentrations of IPy-IL and AIPy-IL were evaluated and proved by interfacial tension, particle size, and demulsification efficiencies at a temperature of 45 °C. The data concluded that AIPy-IL was an effective demulsifier for different crude oil seawater emulsion compositions at a low injection dose and temperature of 100 ppm and 45 °C, which were not report elsewhere.

One-Step Synthesis of Amphiphilic Nonylphenol Polyethyleneimine for Demulsification of Water in Heavy Crude Oil Emulsions.

The demulsification of water-in-heavy crude oil emulsion with water droplet size in the microscale has drawn great attention because of their high stability and difficulty of separation. In the present work, a series of ethylene amine-based demulsifiers were prepared in one step through the interaction of pentaethylene hexamine, tetraethylene pentamine, and triethylene tetramene with glycidyl 4-nonylphenyl ether. The amphiphilic polyethyleneimine (APEI) abbreviated as DNPA-6, DNPA-5, and DNPA-4 were prepared to adjust their hydrophile-lipophile balances (HLB) to meet the requirement of the demulsification. 1HNMR, 13CNMR, and FTIR spectra were utilized to verify their chemical structures. The surface properties and zeta potential were also investigated. Demulsifier dose, separation time, and HLB values were taken into account to evaluate the demulsification efficiency of the synthesized APEI. The results suggested that the prepared demulsifiers had high ability to reduce the surface and interfacial tensions and also broke successfully water-in-Arabian heavy crude oil emulsions. The demulsification efficiency of DNPA-5 reached 100% for crude oil/water emulsion (90/10 vol %).

Methylene Blue Catalytic Degradation Using Silver and Magnetite Nanoparticles Functionalized with a Poly(ionic liquid) Based on Quaternized Dialkylethanolamine with 2-Acrylamido-2-methylpropane Sulfonate-co-Vinylpyrrolidone.

Catalytic degradation of organic water pollutants has emerged as a cost- and energy-effective technique to treat wastewater. In this work, new silver and magnetite nanoparticles (NPs) were prepared with a protic poly(ionic liquid) (PIL) based on a quaternized diethylethanolamine cation combined with 2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonate-co-vinylpyrrolidone (QAMPSA/VP) as a capping and a reducing agent. The morphology, particle size, surface charge, thermal stability, and magnetic properties of QAMPS/VP-Ag and Fe3O4 NPs were investigated to determine the efficiency of the PIL as a reducing and a capping agent to protect the produced NPs from oxidation or thermal degradation. The activation energy, enthalpy, and entropy of the catalytic degradation of the cationic methylene blue (MB) dye in the presence of QAMPS/VP-Ag and Fe3O4 NPs were determined. The data elucidated that MB was completely degraded in 8 min in the presence of QAMPS/VP-Fe3O4 NPs as a Fenton oxidation catalyst. Moreover, their good magnetic properties allowed their easy separation and reuse for five cycles without losing their magnetic or catalytic properties.

Novel Magnetic Silica-Ionic Liquid Nanocomposites for Wastewater Treatment.

In this work, new imidazolium silica-ionic liquids doped with magnetite nanocomposites are prepared for use in the field of water purification owing to their unique properties, which can be manipulated by an external magnetic field. A silane precursor based on aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTS) condensed with p-hydroxybenzaldehyde and glyoxal in an acetic acid solution is used to prepare disiloxyimidazolium ionic liquid (SIMIL). The silica composite (Si-IL) and silica-coated magnetite (Fe3O4-Si-IL) composites are prepared using the sol-gel technique. The chemical structures, morphologies, crystalline lattice structures, thermal stabilities, surface charges, surface areas, particle sizes, and magnetic characteristics of Fe3O4-Si-IL and Si-IL are investigated. The Fe3O4-Si-IL and Si-IL nanocomposites show excellent chemical adsorption capacities as 653 and 472 mg g-1, respectively, during times ranging 90 to 110 min when they are used as adsorbents to remove Congo red (CR) dye as a water pollutant.

Super Effective Removal of Toxic Metals Water Pollutants Using Multi Functionalized Polyacrylonitrile and Arabic Gum Grafts.

Super adsorbent polymers can be considered to be a very efficient solution for wastewater treatment. In general, their adsorption capacities depend on the type and amount of the functional groups present on the surface of the polymers, while their economic value is affected by their cost. Therefore, this study aims to understand the effect of multi-functionalization of cheap Arabic gum on the adsorption capability toward heavy metals. Graft copolymers of polyacrylonitrile (PAN) onto Arabic gum (AG) were prepared in aqueous solution using (KMnO4/HNO3) as a redox initiator. Chemical modification of the graft copolymer was carried out by reaction with hydrazine hydrochloride followed by hydrolysis in the basic medium. The modified graft product was characterized by various techniques, such as Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), elemental analysis, scanning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD). The modified graft copolymer was used to adsorb Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+ from their aqueous solutions using batch extraction. Different parameters influence the uptake behavior, including contact time, pH, and the initial concentration of the metal ions; all of these were investigated. The kinetics were investigated using the pseudo first order and pseudo second order, and the equilibrium data were analyzed using the Langmuir and Freundlich model. The modified graft product showed the superadsorbent capacity to obtain maximum values (Qmax) 1017, 413 and 396 mg/g for Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively. Acid treatment with 0.2 M HNO3 resulted in 96%, 99% and 99% metal recovery for the Pb2+, Cd2+ and Cu2+, respectively. This indicates the recyclability of product for further usage upon drying between treatments.

Preparation of pH Responsive Polystyrene and Polyvinyl Pyridine Nanospheres Stabilized by Mickering Microgel Emulsions.

New pH-sensitive polystyrene, PS, and poly(4-vinylpyridine), P4-VP, nanospheres were prepared by using surfactant-free method based on soft microgels (Mickering emulsion). The formation of stable Mickering cyclohexane/water emulsions was investigated by using soft microgel particles of poly(acrylamide), PAAm, poly(2-acrylamido-2-methylpropane sulfonic acid), PAMPS, and sodium salt of PAMPS, PAMPS-Na, as stabilizers. The dynamic light scattering (DLS), optical microscopy, and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used to investigate the optimum conditions and effects of surrounding solutions on the microgels characteristics and their corresponding Mickering emulsions. The cyclohexane/water Mickering emulsions stabilized by softer and neutral charged microgels were considerably more stable under the same conditions. Furthermore, the stimuli-responsive properties of PAMPS microgel stabilized cyclohexane/water Mickering emulsions suggest the potential utility in the preparation of PS and P4-VP nanospheres. The effects of pH changes on the morphology, particle sizes, and surface charges of PS and P4-VP microgels were evaluated to prove the pH-sensitivity of the prepared nanospheres.

Reactive Mesoporous pH-Sensitive Amino-Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles for Efficient Removal of Coomassie Blue Dye.

In this work, new smart mesoporous amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles were prepared from hydrolyzing microgels based on N-isopropyl acrylamide-co-vinyltrimethoxysilane microgels with tetraethoxysilicate and 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane by sol-gel method. The thermal stability and Fourier transform infrared were used to determine the amine contents of the silica nanoparticles. The pH sensitivity of the synthesized silica nanoparticles in their aqueous solutions was evaluated by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta potential measurements. The porosity of the amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles was evaluated from a transmittance electron microscope and Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) plot. The results have positively recommended the pH-sensitive amine-functionalized silica nanoparticles as one of the effective nano-adsorbent to remove 313 mg·g-1 of CB-R250 water pollutant.

Synthesis of Green Recyclable Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanomaterials Coated by Hydrophobic Plant Extracts for Efficient Collection of Oil Spills.

A facile method for synthesis of environmentally friendly magnetite nanomaterials (MNMs) was applied using hydrophobic biocomponents as capping and stabilizing agents. The biocomponents were extracted from Matricaria aurea (MAE) and Ochradenus baccatus (OBE) and used for the surface modification of MNMs to increase their dispersion efficiency on the collection of heavy crude oil spills. Synthesized MNM samples (MAE-MNMs and OBE-MNMs) were verified using thermogravimetric analysis; Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy; transmission electron microscopy; dynamic light scattering, and vibrating-sample magnetometry. The application of these nanomaterials in the collection of oil spill showed that the MAE-MNMs and OBE-MNMs successfully collected 95% and 91% of the oil spill, respectively. These results support the potential use of these materials as eco-friendly composites for the successful collection of oil spills that might occur during offshore operations.