The Direct Effects of Norepinephrine Administration on Pressure Injuries in Intensive Care Patients: A Retrospective Cohort Study.

OBJECTIVE: To estimate the direct effects of norepinephrine administration on pressure injury (PI) incidence in intensive care patients. METHODS: This is a secondary and exploratory analysis of a retrospective cohort study of intensive care patients discharged in 2017 to 2018. Observational cases only included patients who received primary PI preventive care during intensive care (N = 479). As a first-choice vasopressor drug, norepinephrine administration was approximated with days of norepinephrine. Linear path models were examined from norepinephrine administration to PI development. The identification of confounding variables and instrumental variables was grounded on directed acyclic graph theory. Direct effects were estimated with instrumental variables to overcome bias from unobserved variables. As models were re-specified with data analysis, the robustness of path identification was improved by requiring graph invariance with sample split. RESULTS: Norepinephrine caused PI development from one stage to another after 4.0 to 6.3 days of administration in this cohort as a total effect (90% CI). The direct effect was estimated to advance the stage of PI at a rate of 0.140 per day of norepinephrine administered (standard error, 0.029; P < .001). The direct effect accounted for about 70% of the total effect on PI development. CONCLUSIONS: Estimations with instrumental variables and structural equation modeling showed that norepinephrine administration directly and substantially affected hospital-acquired PI incidence in intensive care patients in this cohort.

Singular Predictors of Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injuries Under Intensive Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study in a Medium-Complexity Hospital.

A retrospective cohort study of hospital-acquired pressure injuries (HAPI) reported an incidence rate of 34.3% based on 582 medical records of adult patients admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) of a medium-complexity public hospital in 2017 and 2018. Sixty percent of the patients used respirators, 49.3% presented hypotension, and 48.1% used norepinephrine. The main individual predictors of HAPI in the ICU were "days of norepinephrine" with an odds ratio (OR) of 1.625 (95% CI: 1.473-1.792) and concordance statistic (AUC) of 0.818 (95% CI: 0.779-0.857), "days of mechanical ventilation" with an OR of 1.521 (1.416-1.634) and AUC of 0.879 (0.849-0.909), "ICU stay (days)" with an OR of 1.279 (1.218-1.342) and AUC of 0.846 (0.812-0.881), and "Braden's sensory perception" with an OR of 0.345 (95% CI: 0.278-0.429) and AUC of 0.760 (0.722-0.799). The duration of mechanical ventilation, norepinephrine administration, and ICU length of stay presented significant discriminative capacity for HAPI prediction.

[Functional difficulty among elderly Brazilians: a study based on the National Health Survey (PNS - 2013)]. / Dificuldade funcional em idosos brasileiros: um estudo com base na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS - 2013).

The objective of this study was to study the factors that present a high degree of association with functional difficulties among the elderly. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted among individuals aged 60 years or older (n = 23,815). Two dependent variables were considered: Basic Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, and 42 independent variables related to sociodemographic issues, general health, oral health and the use of health services. For the analysis, the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software was used. Data set balancing and the dimensionality reduction test were performed through 10-fold cross-validation and lastly, the variables related to the dependent variables were evaluated through logistic regression. Eight variables had a strong association with functional difficulties among the elderly, related to physical aspects, intrinsic factors, social relations, literacy and the use of health services. The results obtained enable the bolstering of planning and execution of strategies in public health, directed to the elderly population, avoiding or minimizing situations of functional difficulty.

Objetivou-se, por meio do estudo da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, conhecer os fatores que apresentam alto grau de associação com quadros de dificuldade funcional em idosos. Estudo transversal, quantitativo, a amostra constituiu-se das respostas dos indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais (n = 23.815). Foram consideradas duas variáveis dependentes, sendo: Atividade Básica de Vida Diária e Atividade Instrumental de Vida Diária, e 42 variáveis independentes, relacionadas a questões sociodemográficas, saúde geral, saúde bucal e uso de serviços de saúde. Para a análise, utilizou-se o software Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis. Realizou-se o balanceamento do conjunto de dados, teste de redução de dimensionalidade, por meio da validação cruzada de 10 Fold, e ao final, as variáveis relacionadas com as variáveis dependentes foram avaliadas através da regressão logística. Oito variáveis apresentaram forte associação com quadros de dificuldade funcional em idosos, relacionadas a aspectos físicos, fatores intrínsecos, relações sociais, alfabetização e uso de serviços de saúde. Os resultados alcançados permitem o fortalecimento do planejamento e da execução de estratégias em saúde pública, direcionadas à população idosa, evitando ou minimizando situações de dificuldade funcional.

Factors associated with the frequency of medical consultations by older adults: a national study.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze factors associated with the high frequency of medical consultations (five or more consultations) among older adult participants of the National Health Survey - 2013. METHOD: A quantitative cross-sectional study conducted with data from individuals aged 60 years and over (n = 19,503). The outcome variable came from the question: 'How many times have you consulted the doctor in the last 12 months? Fifty-seven (57) independent variables were listed. The Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software program was used in the analysis. The data set was balanced and the dimensionality reduction test was performed. The variables which were strongly related to the dependent variable were analyzed using logistic regression. RESULTS: The independent variables listed were strongly related to the outcome variables: female gender, negative self-perception of health condition, inability to perform usual activities for health reasons, diagnosis of chronic disease, seeking health services for health-related care, and hospitalization. CONCLUSION: The results reflect the relevance of expanding and qualifying services through effective prevention, protection and health promotion actions.

Characterization of the self-perception of oral health in the Brazilian adult population.

This article aims to perform an analysis of the factors that determine the self-perception of oral health of Brazilians, based on a multidimensional methodology basis. This is a cross-sectional study with data from a national survey. A household interview was conducted with a sample of 60,202 adults. Self-perception of oral health was considered the outcome variable and sociodemographic characteristics, self-care and oral health condition, use of dental services, general health and work condition as independent variables. The dimensionality reduction test was used and the variables that showed a relationship were submitted to logistic regression. The negative oral health condition was related to difficulty feeding, negative evaluation of the last dental appointment, negative self-perception of general health condition, not flossing, upper dental loss, and reason for the last dental appointment. The use of a multidimensional methodological basis was able to design explanatory models for the self-perception of oral health of Brazilian adults, and these results should be considered in the implementation, evaluation, and qualification of the oral health network.

Prevalência e distribuição de traumatismos dentários em âmbito hospitalar / Prevalence and distribution of dental trauma in the hospital environment / Prevalencia y distribución del trauma dental en el ámbito hospitalário

O objetivo deste estudo quantitativo, transversal, retrospectivo e descritivo é conhecer a prevalência e a distribuição de traumatismo dentário (TD) em dois hospitais escola do Paraná, entre 2013 e 2021. Os dados (variáveis sociodemográficas; Classificação Internacional de Doenças; tipo e motivo do TD; número de dentes envolvidos e momento da ocorrência do trauma) foram extraídos dos prontuários eletrônicos dos pacientes com TD, por dois pesquisadores utilizando ficha padronizada, e descritos por frequências absolutas e relativas. Dentre 1.216 prontuários analisados, apenas 51 evidenciaram TD. Os homens (n=41/80,4%) representaram a maior parte dos pacientes. A fratura de coroa foi o tipo de TD mais encontrado (n=13/25,5%) e a queda, a maior motivação para os eventos (n=18/35,3%). A maior parte dos TD ocorreu antes da internação (n=46/90,2%) e 33 pacientes (64,7%) apresentaram até dois dentes acometidos por TD. Em razão do número reduzido de prontuários encontrados, sugere-se que estejam ocorrendo subnotificações dos casos de TD nos hospitais pesquisados. A inserção recente do cirurgião-dentista no ambiente hospitalar, associada à carência técnica de profissionais da equipe para a identificação de TD, e a análise específica de traumas dentários, sem a inclusão de eventos faciais, podem estar atreladas a essa subnotificação... (AU)

The objective of this quantitative, cross-sectional, retrospective and descriptive study is to know the prevalence and distribution of dental trauma (DT) in two teaching hospitals in Paraná, between 2013 and 2021. Data (sociodemographic variables; International Classification of Diseases; type and reason of the DT; number of teeth involved and time of trauma occurrence) were extracted from the electronic medical records of patients with DT, by two researchers using a standardized form, and described by absolute and relative frequencies. Among 1,216 medical records analyzed, only 51 showed DT. Men (n=41/80.4%) represented the majority of patients. Crown fracture was the most common type of DT (n=13/25.5%) and falls were the greatest motivation for the events (n=18/35.3%). Most DTs occurred before admission (n=46/90.2%) and 33 patients (64.7%) had up to two teeth affected by DTs. Due to the small number of medical records found, it is suggested that there are underreporting of DT cases in the surveyed hospitals. The recent insertion of dentists in the hospital environment, associated with the technical lack of team professionals to identify DT, and the specific analysis of dental trauma, without the inclusion of facial events, may be linked to this underreporting... (AU)

El objetivo de este estudio cuantitativo, transversal, retrospectivo y descriptivo es conocer la prevalencia y distribución del trauma dental (TD) en dos hospitales docentes de Paraná, entre 2013 y 2021. Datos (variables sociodemográficas; Clasificación Internacional de Enfermedades; tipo y motivo de la TD; número de dientes involucrados y tiempo de ocurrencia del trauma) fueron extraídas de las historias clínicas electrónicas de pacientes con TD, por dos investigadores utilizando un formulario estandarizado, y descritas por frecuencias absolutas y relativas. De las 1.216 historias clínicas analizadas, solo 51 presentaban TD. Los hombres (n = 41/80,4%) representaron la mayoría de los pacientes. La fractura de corona fue el tipo más común de TD (n = 13/25,5%) y las caídas fueron la mayor motivación para los eventos (n = 18/35,3%). La mayoría de TD ocurrieron antes del ingreso (n = 46/90.2%) y 33 pacientes (64.7%) tenían hasta dos dientes afectados por TD. Debido a la pequeña cantidad de historias clínicas encontradas, se sugiere que hay subregistro de casos de TD en los hospitales encuestados. La reciente inserción de odontólogos en el ámbito hospitalario, asociada a la falta técnica de equipo de profesionales para identificar TD, y el análisis específico del trauma dental, sin la inclusión de eventos faciales, pueden estar vinculados a este subregistro... (AU)

Comparative study of satisfaction of users and health professionals with the public dental service. / Estudo comparativo da satisfação de usuários e profissionais da saúde com o serviço público odontológico.

The objective was to confront the view of users and health professionals about the satisfaction with the public dental service. Interviews were conducted with users, professionals considered directly (ESB) and indirectly (ACS) involved in oral health. Variables were evaluated individually and grouped into domains. A score was created for the analysis and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied. The respondents positively assessed the quality of the dental services. The ACS demonstrated less satisfaction compared to users regarding general satisfaction in the Physical Structure and Medical Care domains and the variables: quality of clinical care; guidance to the patient after treatment performed in the specialty; and period of dental care. The ESB professionals expressed greater satisfaction than the users in the Medical Care domain and in the variables related to the provision of guidance, answering questions, attention solvability and consultation scheduling. It is concluded that the ESB professionals demonstrated a high degree of similarity to the satisfaction displayed by users, although positively expanded, and the ACS expressed more critically discrepant opinions in relation to users.

Food diet and representations of dental caries published in a traditional brazilian newspaper / Dieta alimentar e representações da doença cárie publicadas em um tradicional jornal brasileiro

ABSTRACT Objective: To apprehend the representations of dental caries present in a Brazilian print media, considering different historical periods, with emphasis on the dietary factor in the issue of etiology and disease prevention. Methods: This is a descriptive documentary research study carried out from the analysis of digitalized printed editions of Jornal do Brasil, published between 1891 and 1990, available for consultation on the electronic portal of the collection of periodicals entitled Brazilian Digital Library. For the search, the terminologies 'cárie dentária' and 'cárie dental' (both meaning dental caries) were used. The platform displays editions from pre-determined time periods. The displays were considered for all journalistic genres, composing or not the main or prominent theme. The data found were analyzed qualitatively. Results: In total, 675 occurrences were registered with the term 'cárie dentária' and 33 with the term 'cárie dental'. The representations of dental caries had multiple and complex variations. The object reconstruction process generated the categories: prevention, public policy and etiology. The topic of food diet significantly crossed the entire time span studied and remained frequently linked to tooth decay, sometimes related to the etiology, sometimes to the prevention of the disease. Conclusion: Jornal do Brasil reflected old knowledge in the field of dentistry, added new scientific knowledge and popularized it for the readership of the written press.

RESUMO Objetivo: Apreender as representações da cárie dentária presentes em um veículo da mídia impressa brasileira, considerando diferentes períodos históricos, com destaque para o fator dieta alimentar na questão da etiologia e da prevenção da doença. Métodos: Trata-se de pesquisa documental de caráter descritivo, realizada a partir da análise de edições impressas digitalizadas do Jornal do Brasil, publicadas entre 1891 e 1990, disponíveis para consulta no portal eletrônico de acervo de periódicos intitulado Hemeroteca Digital Brasileira. Para a busca foram utilizadas as terminologias 'cárie dentária' e 'cárie dental'. A plataforma expõe as edições a partir de períodos de tempo pré-determinados. As aparições foram consideradas para todos os gêneros jornalísticos, compondo ou não tema principal ou de destaque. Os dados encontrados foram analisados qualitativamente. Resultados: No total, foram registradas 675 ocorrências com o termo 'cárie dentária' e 33 com o termo 'cárie dental'. As representações da doença cárie tiveram múltiplas e complexas variações. O processo de reconstrução do objeto gerou as categorias: prevenção, política pública e etiologia. O tema dieta alimentar atravessou significativamente todo o arco temporal pesquisado e permaneceu frequentemente ligado à cárie dentária, ora relacionado à etiologia ora à prevenção da doença. Conclusão: O Jornal do Brasil refletiu antigos conhecimentos do campo da odontologia, agregou novos saberes científicos e os vulgarizou para o público leitor da imprensa escrita.

Determinants of oral self-care in the Brazilian adult population: a national cross-sectional study.

This study aims to investigate variables related to adherence to oral self-care in the Brazilian adult population. It is an exploratory study, using secondary data from a population-based survey on a representative sample of the adult population of the entire Brazilian territory (n=60202). The sample was selected using a multiple stage approach. The oral self-care indicator was defined by grouping the variables: periodicity of dentist appointments, use of dental floss, toothbrush and toothpaste, frequency of brushing and replacement of the toothbrush. The scores obtained from the indicator were categorized into adequate, partially adequate, and inadequate care. Statistical analysis consisted of dimensionality reduction, and oral self-care-related variables were submitted to logistic regression. The variables mostly related to inadequate or partially adequate oral self-care were: illiteracy (OR = 11.20, OR = 4.81), low educational level (OR = 3.50, OR = 1.96), negative oral health self-concept (OR=3.73, OR=1.74), absence of natural teeth (OR = 4.98, OR=2.60), edentulous lower arch (OR = 3.09; _____), number of missing upper teeth (OR=1.14, OR=1.05), absence of health insurance (OR=2.23, OR=2.07), sedentary lifestyle (OR=2.77, OR=1.51), and smoking (OR=2.18, OR=1.40). It was concluded that the individual's level of education is one of the main factors for adherence to adequate oral self-care, followed by level of oral health self-concept and tooth loss. Likewise, lifestyle also bears a significant influence.

Assessing the role of appropriate primary health care on the use of dental services by Brazilian low-income preschool children.

This cross-sectional study aimed to assess the association between the quality of primary health care (PHC) and the use of dental services by preschoolers served by the Family Health Strategy (FHS), controlling for socio-demographic determinants and perceived need. The sample encompassed 438 children aged 3-5 years, enrolled in 19 FHS facilities in Ponta Grossa, Paraná State, Brazil. Individual level variables were collected by interviewing parents or caregivers at home. They answered a questionnaire on socioeconomic conditions, oral hygiene habits and use of dental services. Parental perception of child's oral health related quality of life, as perceived need, was assessed by the Brazilian version of Early Childhood Oral Health Impact Scale (ECOHIS). Normative need was assessed by oral examinations, according to guidelines standardized by the World Health Organization. The contextual level factor was defined as the extent of implementation of PHC in the facilities. Managers responded to PCATool-Brazil, a validated questionnaire which measures the extent of PHC. Dentists answered to a version of PCATool, which was adapted and pretested for dental services. Multilevel analysis, based on Andersen's behavioral model, fitted the adjustment of "having ever consulted a dentist" to contextual and individual covariates. We observed high prevalence of dental caries. Almost half of the sample had had dental appointments in life. Social gradients were observed for the use of dental services. Although it was not able to eliminate the impact of adverse social conditions, higher levels of PHC attributes in dental services favored the effective use of such services by low-income children.

Factors related to orientation of search for dental care in high risk pregnancy / Fatores relacionados à orientação de busca pelo atendimento odontológico na gestação de alto risco

Abstract Objectives: to relate the search for dental care during pregnancy to sociodemographic, gestational and dental characteristics. Methods: quantitative approach study with cross-sectional design carried out with high-risk pregnant women, from January to May 2018. Statistical analysis was performed using Pearson's chi-square association test and Fisher's exact test, followed by logistic regression analysis and odds ratio calculation. Results: the final sample was composed of 190 pregnant women and the guidance for seeking dental care was significantly related to issues related to Prenatal Dental Care, regarding safety (p = 0.025), effective search (p < 0.0001) and the Unit Basic Health Care as a place of assistance (p = 0.0018). Pregnant women who did not receive search guidance are 19.6 more likely to not seek this service (p <0.001), when they seek it without guidance, they have 6.3 more chances to seek private services (p = 0.014) and when they do not receive guidance, they are 4.5 more likely to not feel secure in relation to this assistance (p = 0.005). Conclusion: the guidance and encouragement provided by the health team is paramount in pregnant woman's decision to seek assistance, especially in the context of Primary Health Care, and is characterized as a strategic tool in reducing insecurities related to dental treatment during pregnancy.

Resumo Objetivos: relacionar a orientação de busca pelo atendimento odontológico durante a gestação com características sociodemográficas, gestacionais e odontológicas. Métodos: estudo de abordagem quantitativa com delineamento transversal realizado junto a gestantes de alto risco, no período de janeiro a maio de 2018. A análise estatística foi conduzida pelo teste de associação qui-quadrado de Pearson e teste exato de Fisher, seguida pela análise de regressão logística e cálculo da odds ratio. Resultados: a amostra final foi composta por 190 gestantes e a orientação de busca foi significativamente relacionada às questões relativas ao Pré-Natal Odontológico, quanto à segurança (p=0,025), à busca efetiva (p<0,001) e à Unidade Básica de Saúde como local da assistência (p=0,0018). Gestantes que não receberam orientação de busca apresentam 19,6 mais chances de não buscar este serviço (p<0,001), quando o buscam sem orientação dispõe de 6,3 mais chances de ser por serviços privados (p=0,014) e quando não recebem orientação têm 4,5 mais chances de não sentir segurança em relação a esta assistência (p=0,005). Conclusão: a orientação e o incentivo realizados pela equipe de saúde são primordiais na decisão da gestante em buscar pela assistência, especialmente no âmbito da Atenção Primária em Saúde, e caracteriza-se como uma ferramenta estratégica na redução de inseguranças relacionadas ao tratamento odontológico no período gestacional.

Saúde bucal de idosos internados na perspectiva de pacientes, acompanhantes e profissionais / Oral health for hospitalized elderly patients: perspective of patients, family members, and professionals

Objetivo:Analisar a percepção sobre a saúde bucal de idosos durante o período de internamento hospitalar na perspectiva de usuários, acompanhantes hospitalares e técnicos de enfermagem. Métodos: Trata-se de um estudo qualitativo realizado no Hospital Universitário Regional dos Campos Gerais, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brasil, entre os anos de 2018 e 2019. A seleção dos participantes foi realizada por meio de análise da Escala de Coma de Glasgow, com o auxílio do prontuário eletrônico do paciente, e da aplicação do Mini Exame do Estado Mental (MEEM) em pacientes e acompanhantes. Indivíduos considerados aptos e que concordaram com a pesquisa foram entrevistados individualmente por dois pesquisadores apoiados por roteiro-guia. As entrevistas foram gravadas e o método de saturação utilizado para o encerramento da coleta de dados. A equipe técnica de enfermagem foi considerada em sua totalidade. Resultados:Foram entrevistados sete pacientes, cinco acompanhantes e quatorze técnicos de enfermagem. Emergiram da análise três categorias: valor atribuído à higiene bucal durante a internação; relação entre higiene bucal deficiente e saúde geral e sugestão de melhoria em saúde bucal durante a internação. Destas categorias, oito subcategorias também foram observadas. Os resultados apontaram percepções comuns e isoladas dos entrevistados, sendo a importância da manutenção de hábitos de higiene bucal durante o período de internação e a existência de desdobramentos negativos da higiene bucal deficiente sobre o bem-estar e a qualidade de vida do paciente, percepções apontadas por todas as categorias. Conclusão:O estudo evidenciou a necessidade de ampliação das ações do cirurgião-dentista nos espaços hospitalares.

Aim: This study sought to analyze the perception of elderly patients' oral health during their hospital stay from the perspective of patients, family members accompanying them, and nursing technicians Methods: This is a qualitative study conducted at the Regional University Hospital of Campos Gerais, Ponta Grossa, Paraná, Brazil, between 2018 and 2019. The selection of participants was performed by analyzing the Glasgow Coma Scale, with the aid of the patient's electronic medical record, and the application of the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to patients and family members. The technical nursing team was considered in its entirety. Individuals considered fit and who agreed with the terms of the study were interviewed individually by two researchers, following due guidelines. The interviews were recorded, and the saturation method was used to complete the data collection. Results: Seven patients, five family members, and fourteen nursing technicians were interviewed. Three categories emerged from the analysis: value attributed to oral hygiene during hospitalization, relationship between poor oral hygiene and general health, and suggestions for improvement in oral health during hospitalization. Of these categories, eight subcategories were also observed. The results showed common and isolated perceptions of the interviewees, with the importance of maintaining oral hygiene habits during the hospitalization period and the existence of negative consequences of poor oral hygiene on the patient's well-being and quality of life, perceptions pointed out in all categories. Conclusion: This study illustrated the need to expand the actions of dentists within hospital spaces.

Influência do sexo no estilo de vida, saúde e utilização de serviços médicos em hospitalizados / Influence of gender on lifestyle, health and use of medical services in hospitalized patients / Influencia del género en el estilo de vida, la salud y el uso de servicios médicos en pacientes hospitalizados

Objetivo: Analisar a influência do sexo nas condições de saúde, estilo de vida e utilização de serviços médicos em pacientes internados em um hospital de ensino. Métodos: Realizou-se um estudo quantitativo, transversal, por inquérito telefônico, junto a 445 pacientes internados em um hospital universitário, no ano de 2018. Considerou-se o sexo como variável dependente e como variáveis independentes: as características de saúde, de estilo de vida e de utilização de serviços de saúde. Realizou-se análise bivariada e de regressão logística. Resultados: Houve associação entre o sexo masculino e a dependência atual (OR=2,9) ou anterior ao álcool (OR=8,3), o tempo de internação acima de três e de sete dias (OR=2,7) e o maior encaminhamento à unidade de básica de saúde (OR=2,1). Concluão: Conclui-se que os homens têm maior predileção ao uso de álcool, ficam mais tempo internados e têm maior encaminhamento aos serviços de saúde. (AU)

Objective: Analyze the influence of sex on health conditions, lifestyle and use of medical services in patients admitted to a teaching hospital. Methods: A quantitative and cross-sectional study was carried out by telephone survey with 445 patients admitted to a university hospital in 2018. Sex was considered as a dependent variable and as independent variables: the characteristics of health, lifestyle and use of health services. Bivariate analysis and logistic regression were performed. Results: There was an association between male gender and current addiction (OR = 2.9) or prior to alcohol (OR = 8.3), length of stay above three and seven days (OR = 2.7) and the longest referral to the primary health care unit (OR = 2.1). Conclusion: It was concluded that men have a higher predilection for alcohol use, stay longer hospitalized and have more referrals to health services. (AU)

Objetivo: Analizar la influencia del sexo enlas condiciones de salud, el estilo de vida y el uso de losservicios médicos en pacientes ingresados enun hospital universitario. Métodos: Se realizo um estudio transversal cuantitativo, por encuesta telefónica, con 445 pacientes ingresados enun hospital universitarioen 2018. El sexo se consideró como una variabledependiente y como variables independientes: características de salud, de estilo de vida y de uso de servicios de salud. Se realizaron análisis bivariados y regresión logística. Resultados: Hubo una asociación entre el género masculino y laadicciónactual (OR = 2.9) o antes delalcohol (OR = 8.3), laduración de laestadía por encima de tres y sietedías (OR = 2.7) y la más larga derivación a launidad básica de salud (OR = 2.1). Conclusion: Se concluyó que los hombres tienen mayor predilección por el consumo de alcohol, permanecen más tiempo hospitalizado y tienen más derivaciones a los servicios de salud. (AU)

Fatores associados à adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso em trabalhadores de universidade pública / Factors related to adherence to drug treatment in public university workers

RESUMO Objetivo analisar fatores associados à adesão medicamentosa entre trabalhadores de universidade pública que referiram uso de medicação contínua. Métodos estudo transversal, desenvolvido junto a 629 trabalhadores de instituição pública de ensino superior. Dados coletados mediante entrevistas com formulários adaptados do Ministério da Saúde brasileiro e analisados pelo teste qui-quadrado. Resultados verificou-se que 331 (52,6%) dos participantes utilizavam medicação contínua, destes, 175 (52,9%) apresentaram padrão de adesão parcialmente satisfatória e 156 (47,1%) totalmente satisfatória. Trabalhadores com problema crônico de coluna, depressão, fraqueza/cansaço, dispneia e dor no peito apresentaram significativamente menor adesão ao tratamento medicamentoso (p≤0,050). Características sociodemográficas e laborais, polifarmácia e tipo de medicamento não se mostraram associados à adesão medicamentosa (p>0,050). Conclusão observou-se adesão satisfatória entre os trabalhadores pesquisados em relação ao tratamento medicamentoso, estando a presença de alguns sintomas e as doenças crônicas específicas associados à adesão medicamentosa parcialmente satisfatória.

ABSTRACT Objective to analyze factors associated with medication adherence among public university workers who reported use of continuous medication. Methods cross-sectional study carried out with 629 workers from a public university. Data were collected through interviews using forms adapted from the Brazilian Ministry of Health and analyzed using the chi-square test. Results three hundred thirty-one (52.6%) participants were users of continuous medication, of these, 175 (52.9%) had a partially satisfactory adherence pattern and 156 (47.1%) a totally satisfactory pattern. Workers with chronic back problems, depression, weakness/tiredness, dyspnea, and chest pain had significantly less adherence to drug treatment (p≤0.050). Sociodemographic and labor characteristics, polypharmacy, and type of medication were not associated with medication adherence (p>0.050). Conclusion satisfactory drug adherence was observed among the participants in relation to drug treatment, and the presence of some symptoms and specific chronic diseases was associated with partially satisfactory drug adherence.

Prevalence of multimorbidity and associated factors in workers of a higher education institution / Prevalência de multimorbidade e fatores associados em trabalhadores de uma instituição de ensino superior / Prevalencia de multimorbilidad y factores asociados en trabajadores de una institución de educación superior

Background and objectives: multimorbidity can generate disabilities, when associated with work, it affects the reduction of participation in the workforce, job turnover and early retirement. Thus, the objective was to estimate the prevalence and identify factors associated with multimorbidity in higher education institution workers. Method: this is a cross-sectional, quantitative study carried out with workers from a higher education institution (n=629) in the city of Ponta Grossa, PR, Brazil. For data collection, questionnaires with instruments from the Ministry of Health were used. The dependent variable referred to the presence of multimorbidity, and the independent variable referred to sociodemographic and work characteristics, use of health services, self-perceived health, presence of symptoms, lifestyle and eating habits. Chi-square test and logistic regression were performed. Results: the prevalence of multimorbidity was 53%, and it was associated with age (OR=2.99), overweight (OR=1.77), pain (OR=4.54), self-rated general health (OR=2.08) and self-rated oral health (OR=2.30) (p<0.05). Individuals with multimorbidity seek more follow-up by a Basic Health Unit (OR=0.54) and perform routine medical consultations more frequently (OR=0.83) (p<0.05). Conclusion: a high prevalence of multimorbidity was observed in the assessed workers, with a statistical association with biological factors, lifestyle, self-perceived health and access to health services. In this way, it is possible to outline strategies aimed at reestablishing workers' health, improving their quality of life.(AU)

Justificativa e Objetivo: a multimorbidade pode gerar incapacidades, quando associada ao trabalho, afeta a redução da participação na força de trabalho, rotatividade de empregos e aposentadoria precoce. Assim, objetivou-se estimar a prevalência e identificar fatores associados à multimorbidade em trabalhadores de instituições de ensino superior. Método: trata-se de um estudo transversal, quantitativo, realizado com trabalhadores de uma instituição de ensino superior (n=629) da cidade de Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil. Para coleta de dados, foram utilizados questionários com instrumentos do Ministério da Saúde. A variável dependente referiu-se à presença de multimorbidade e a variável independente referiu-se às características sociodemográficas e laborais, utilização de serviços de saúde, autopercepção de saúde, presença de sintomas, estilo de vida e hábitos alimentares. Teste do qui-quadrado e regressão logística foram realizados. Resultados: a prevalência de multimorbidade foi de 53% e esteve associada à idade (OR=2,99), excesso de peso (OR=1,77), dor (OR=4,54), autoavaliação geral de saúde (OR=2,08) e -avaliação da saúde bucal (OR=2,30) (p<0,05). Indivíduos com multimorbidade procuram mais acompanhamento em Unidade Básica de Saúde (OR=0,54) e realizam consultas médicas de rotina com maior frequência (OR=0,83) (p<0,05). Conclusão: observou-se alta prevalência de multimorbidade nos trabalhadores avaliados, com associação estatística com fatores biológicos, estilo de vida, autopercepção de saúde e acesso aos serviços de saúde. Dessa forma, é possível traçar estratégias voltadas ao restabelecimento da saúde do trabalhador, melhorando sua qualidade de vida.(AU)

Justificación y Objetivo: la multimorbilidad puede generar discapacidades, cuando asociada al trabajo incide en la reducción de la participación laboral, la rotación laboral y la jubilación anticipada. Así, el objetivo fue estimar la prevalencia e identificar factores asociados a la multimorbilidad en trabajadores de instituciones de educación superior. Método: se trata de un estudio transversal, cuantitativo, realizado con trabajadores de una institución de enseñanza superior (n=629) de la ciudad de Ponta Grossa, PR, Brasil. Para la recolección de datos, se utilizaron cuestionarios con instrumentos del Ministerio de Salud. La variable dependiente se refirió a la presencia de multimorbilidad, y la variable independiente a las características sociodemográficas y laborales, uso de servicios de salud, autopercepción de salud, presencia de síntomas, estilo de vida y hábitos alimentarios. Se realizaron pruebas de chi-cuadrado y regresión logística. Resultados: la prevalencia de multimorbilidad fue del 53% y se asoció con la edad (OR=2,99), el sobrepeso (OR=1,77), el dolor (OR=4,54), la autopercepción de salud general (OR=2,08) y la autopercepción. salud bucal valorada (OR=2,30) (p<0,05). Los individuos con multimorbilidad buscan más seguimiento por una Unidad Básica de Salud (OR=0,54) y realizan consultas médicas de rutina con mayor frecuencia (OR=0,83) (p<0,05). Conclusión: se observó una alta prevalencia de multimorbilidad en los trabajadores evaluados, con asociación estadística con factores biológicos, estilo de vida, autopercepción de salud y acceso a los servicios de salud. De esta forma, es posible delinear estrategias encaminadas a restablecer la salud de los trabajadores, mejorando su calidad de vida.(AU)

Qualificação da residência multiprofissional em saúde: opiniões críticas de preceptores / Qualification of multiprofessional residence in health: critical opinions of preceptors / Qualificación de la residencia multiprofesional en salud: opiniones críticas de preceptores

Objetivo: realizar reflexão sobre a percepção de preceptores quanto ao aprimoramento de programas de Residência Multiprofissional em Saúde, em nível hospitalar. Método: estudo qualitativo, realizado por meio de entrevista individual com profissionais da saúde (preceptores) (n=34), junto a residentes multiprofissionais de um hospital universitário do Estado do Paraná, Brasil. As informações foram angariadas por meio de questionário e analisadas. Resultados: os preceptores investigados vislumbram pela melhoria na qualificação do programa e pelo fortalecimento de estratégias, sobre dois prismas. O primeiro refere-se ao capital humano, englobando reforços na consolidação das relações interpessoais e de habilidades de comunicação. O outro considera a gestão do trabalho, com vistas a potencializar de forma mais efetiva a organização do processo de trabalho. Conclusão: sugere-se que gestores de hospitais invistam na capacitação de seus agentes formadores, também no que tange a importância do processo avaliativo institucional, com vistas a angariar e regular a qualidade das residências

Objective: to reflect on the perception of preceptors regarding the improvement of Multiprofessional Health Residency programs at the hospital level. Method: qualitative study, conducted by means of an individual interview with health professionals (preceptors) (n = 34), with multiprofessional residents of a university hospital in the State of Paraná, Brazil. The information was collected through a questionnaire and analyzed. Results: the preceptors investigated look for the improvement in the qualification of the program and the strengthening of strategies, on two prisms. The first refers to human capital, encompassing reinforcements in the consolidation of interpersonal relations and communication skills. The other considers the work management, with a view to maximizing the organization of the work process more effectively. Conclusion: it is suggested that hospital managers invest in the training of their training agents, also regarding the importance of the institutional evaluation process, with a view to raising and regulating the quality of residences

Objetivo: realizar reflexión sobre la percepción de preceptores encuanto al perfeccionamiento de programas de Residencia Multiprofesional en Salud, a nível hospitalario. Método: estúdio cualitativo, realizado por medio de entrevista individual com profesionales de la salud (preceptores) (n = 34), junto a residentes multiprofesionales de un hospital universitário del Estado de Paraná, Brasil. La información fue recopilada por medio de uncuestionario y se analizó. Resultados: los preceptores investigados vislumbran por la mejora em La calificación del programa y por el fortalecimiento de estrategias, sobre dos prismas. El primero se refiere al capital humano, englobando refuerzos en la consolidación de las relaciones interpersonales y de habilidades de comunicación. El otro considera la gestión del trabajo, con miras a potenciar de forma más efectiva la organización del proceso de trabajo. Conclusión: se sugiere que gestores de hospitales inviertan en la capacitación de sus agentes formadores, también en lo que se refiere a la importância del proceso de evaluación institucional, con miras a recaudar y regular la calidad de las residencias

Características sociodemográficas, de saúde e de serviços utilizados por idosos internados / Sociodemographic, health and services characteristics used by hospitalized elderly / Características sociodemográficas, sanitarias y de servicios utilizadas por ancianos hospitalizados

Objetivo: analisar idosos de diferentes estratos etários internados em um hospital de ensino, segundo características sociodemográficas, de saúde e de serviços utilizados. Métodos: estudo transversal com 158 idosos internados, num hospital universitário, com variável dependente o extrato etário: indivíduos de 60 a 70 anos e com mais de 70 anos; e como variáveis independentes: condições sociodemográficas, de saúde e serviços utilizados. Analisou-se os dados pelos testes Exato de Fisher e qui-quadrado. Resultados: idosos com mais de 70 anos apresentaram significativamente menor escolaridade, ausência do cônjuge, presença de multimorbidades, maior tempo de internação, internação em UTI e necessidade de ajuda para realização das atividades de vida diárias no domicílio, em detrimento aos mais jovens (p<0,05). Conclusão: o conhecimento das diferenças entre os diferentes grupos etários possibilitou conhecer as fragilidades de cada grupo e fomentou questões importantes para a compreensão do contexto sociodemográfico, de saúde e de serviços utilizados por esta população

Objective: to analyze elderly individuals from different age groups admitted to a teaching hospital, according to sociodemographic characteristics, health and services used. Methods: cross-sectional study, with 158 elderly hospitalized in a university hospital, with dependent variable the age: individuals from 60 to 70 years and more than 70 years; and as an independent variable: sociodemographic, health and service used conditions. Data were analyzed by the Fisher's Exact and chi-square tests. Results: patients older than 70 years had significantly lower level educational, absence of spouse, presence of multimorbities, longer hospitalization, ICU hospitalization and need to help with daily living at home, to than the younger people ((p<0.05). Conclusion: knowledge of the differences between the different age groups made it possible to understand the fragilities of each group and fostered important questions for understanding the sociodemographic, health and services context used by this population

Objetivo: analizar a personas mayores de diferentes grupos de edad admitidos en un hospital docente, según las características sociodemográficas, de salud y de servicios utilizados. Método: estudio cuantitativo, transversal, con 158 de edad avanzada hospitalizados en un hospital universitario, con variable dependiente la edad: individuos de 60 a 70 años y más de 70 años; Y como variable independiente: condiciones sociodemográficas, de salud y servicios utilizados. Los datos fueron analizados por los tests Exacto de Fisher y chi-cuadrado. Resultados: los ancianos con más de 70 años presentaron significativamente menor escolaridad, ausencia del cónyuge, presencia de multimorbidades, mayor tiempo de internación, internación en UTI y necesidad de ayuda para la realización de las actividades de vida diarias en el domicilio, en detrimento de los más jóvenes (p<0,05). Conclusión: el conocimiento de las diferencias entre los diferentes grupos de edad posibilitó conocer las fragilidades de cada grupo y fomentó cuestiones importantes para la comprensión del contexto sociodemográfico, de salud y de servicios utilizados por esta población

[Inclusion of oral health services in the Family Health Program in the State of Paraná, Brazil]. / A inclusão da odontologia no Programa Saúde da Família no Estado do Paraná, Brasil.

The aim of this study was to analyze the implementation of dental care in the Family Health Program (FHP) in the State of Paraná, Brazil, one year after Ministry of Health (MoH) Ruling 1,444 went into effect. A qualitative and quantitative study was designed, focusing on the 136 municipalities which had included oral health services in the program by early 2002. The dental care teams received previously tested questionnaires on administrative and operational issues. The mean population covered by each team is close to the minimum stipulated by the MoH in 2000. However, some teams experienced difficulties in developing all the activities under their responsibility. Referral of more complex cases was also reported as a critical point. Favorable reception by the population and participation by dentists in the training courses were identified as positive points. Finally, a large proportion of dentists were under temporary work contracts (37.7%); there were also reports of the need to train general dental practitioners with an adequate profile for the FHP.

Conhecimento e segurança de universitários da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde sobre primeiros socorros / Knowledge and security of university members of the biological sciences and health area on first aid / Conocimiento y seguridad de universitarios del área de ciencias biológicas y de la salud sobre primeros auxilios

Objetivo: investigar o conhecimento sobre primeiros socorros de estudantes da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde de uma universidade pública brasileira. Método: estudo transversal, quantitativo, tendo como população-alvo a totalidade de formandos dos cursos de graduação da área de ciências biológicas e da saúde de uma instituição de ensino superior(n= 219). Resultados: do total de acadêmicos concluintes,146 (67%) responderam o questionário, constatou-se que dos oito cursos, dois não possuíam abordagens relacionadas à temática de primeiros socorros. Apenas 17,1% dos estudantes se avaliam preparados para atuarem frente a algumas situações. Conclusão: o número de graduandos em áreas relacionadas a saúde despreparados para agir frente a situações emergenciais frequentes no cotidiano foi expressivo, constituindo-se como insegurança para a sociedade em geral, e questionamento quanto as ofertas de ensino

Objective: the study's goal has been to investigate the knowledge regarding first aid of undergraduate students enrolled in Health Graduation Courses of a Brazilian Public University. Method: it is a cross-sectional study with a quantitative approach having all the undergraduate students in the biological sciences and health area as the target population (n=219). Results: considering the total number of academics, 146 (67%) answered the questionnaire, and it was found that out of the eight courses, two did not contemplate the first aid topic. Only 17.1% of the students have assessed themselves as prepared to deal with some emergency situations. Conclusion: the number of undergraduates in health-related areas unprepared to act when facing frequent emergencies in daily life was considered expressive, then representing insecurity for society in general, and raising doubts about the teaching approach

Objetivo: investigar el conocimiento sobre primeiros auxilios de estudiantes del área de ciencias biológicas y de salud de una universidad pública brasileña. Enel caso de los alumnos de la escuela primaria, los alumnos de la escuela primaria de enseñanza superior (n = 219). Resultados: del total de académicos concluyentes, El 67%) respondieron el cuestionario, se constató que de los ocho cursos, dos no tenían enfoques relacionados com la temática de primeiros auxilios. Sóloel 17,1% de los estudiantes se evalúan preparados para actuar frente a algunas situaciones. Conclusión: el número de graduandos en áreas relacionadas com la salud despreparados para actuar frente a situaciones emergentes frecuentesenel cotidiano fue expresivo, constituyéndose como inseguridad para la sociedade en general, y cuestionamiento encuanto a las ofertas de enseñanza

Dificuldade funcional em idosos brasileiros: um estudo com base na Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde (PNS - 2013) / Functional difficulty among elderly Brazilians: a study based on the National Health Survey (PNS - 2013)

Resumo Objetivou-se, por meio do estudo da Pesquisa Nacional de Saúde, conhecer os fatores que apresentam alto grau de associação com quadros de dificuldade funcional em idosos. Estudo transversal, quantitativo, a amostra constituiu-se das respostas dos indivíduos com 60 anos ou mais (n = 23.815). Foram consideradas duas variáveis dependentes, sendo: Atividade Básica de Vida Diária e Atividade Instrumental de Vida Diária, e 42 variáveis independentes, relacionadas a questões sociodemográficas, saúde geral, saúde bucal e uso de serviços de saúde. Para a análise, utilizou-se o software Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis. Realizou-se o balanceamento do conjunto de dados, teste de redução de dimensionalidade, por meio da validação cruzada de 10 Fold, e ao final, as variáveis relacionadas com as variáveis dependentes foram avaliadas através da regressão logística. Oito variáveis apresentaram forte associação com quadros de dificuldade funcional em idosos, relacionadas a aspectos físicos, fatores intrínsecos, relações sociais, alfabetização e uso de serviços de saúde. Os resultados alcançados permitem o fortalecimento do planejamento e da execução de estratégias em saúde pública, direcionadas à população idosa, evitando ou minimizando situações de dificuldade funcional.

Abstract The objective of this study was to study the factors that present a high degree of association with functional difficulties among the elderly. A cross-sectional, quantitative study was conducted among individuals aged 60 years or older (n = 23,815). Two dependent variables were considered: Basic Activity of Daily Living and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living, and 42 independent variables related to sociodemographic issues, general health, oral health and the use of health services. For the analysis, the Waikato Environment for Knowledge Analysis software was used. Data set balancing and the dimensionality reduction test were performed through 10-fold cross-validation and lastly, the variables related to the dependent variables were evaluated through logistic regression. Eight variables had a strong association with functional difficulties among the elderly, related to physical aspects, intrinsic factors, social relations, literacy and the use of health services. The results obtained enable the bolstering of planning and execution of strategies in public health, directed to the elderly population, avoiding or minimizing situations of functional difficulty.