"A Two-Edged Sword": Paternalistic Leadership and Nurses Performance: A Moderated Mediation Model.

Background: The study investigates the impact of paternalistic leadership on the performance of nurses. Furthermore, it looks into the role of self-efficacy as a mediator in the relationship between paternalistic leadership and performance. It also looks into the role of power distance as a moderator. Methods: The study used a quantitative survey-based research approach, with questionnaire responses collected over time. Initially, 315 Chinese nurses were surveyed about their views on paternalistic leadership, self-efficacy, and power distance. While their supervisors were called after 6 weeks for a dyadic answer, they were asked to offer their thoughts on their performance. The AMOS 22 software was used for confirmatory factor analysis (CFA), while the SPSS 22 software was employed for descriptive statistics, such as the correlation and regression analysis. Results: The findings demonstrated that paternalistic leadership had a beneficial impact on performance. Furthermore, the role of self-efficacy as a mediator and power distance as a moderating mediator in this relationship has been evidenced. Conclusion: The results suggest that paternalistic leadership has a good impact on nurse performance. Furthermore, self-efficacy as a mediator explains the association between paternalistic leadership and nursing performance adequately. Furthermore, power distance appeared to be a powerful moderator, as the moderated mediation results revealed that in high-power-distant societies, such as China, self-efficacy enhances the link between paternalistic leadership and nursing performance. Limitations and future directions were also discussed.

Impact of public health education on undue fear of COVID-19 among nurses: The mediating role of psychological capital.

This study looked into the mechanism through which health education can reduce the fear of being infected with COVID-19 because health education helps individuals to improve their knowledge and attitudes towards a disease. The spread of COVID-19 has escalated the level of fear among public and nurses. Nevertheless, the mechanism that contributes to minimize the fear towards this pandemic remains unexplored. A cross-sectional survey was adopted to test the relationships among public health education, psychological capital, and fear of COVID-19. In total, 243 responses were obtained via online survey from nurses. The results revealed that public health education can reduce one's fear of COVID-19. Psychological capital emerged as a strong explanatory mechanism for the phenomenon. Drawing on spillover theory, public health education seems to reduce fear of COVID-19 with the mediating role of psychological capital. Limitations and future directions are at the end of this paper. The study outcomes revealed that organizations should focus on educating nursing staff to overcome fear of COVID-19. One way to induce positivity among nursing staff is by holding trainings.

The epidemic of vitamin D deficiency.

A 37-year-old woman was referred to our endocrine clinic for management of her long-standing hypothyroidism. Her main complaints were muscle aches and pains that started about a year ago. The symptoms progressed to generalized muscle weakness. She described difficulty in getting out of her chair and in climbing stairs. She had an extensive work-up done by her neurologist and rheumatologist, including nerve-conduction studies and a muscle biopsy. The evaluation was normal, and she was diagnosed with fibromyalgia. She had gastric bypass surgery in 1998 and lost 150 pounds since the operation. She also has had lactose intolerance and a compression fracture without trauma. Her weight was 314 pounds. She had proximal muscle weakness. The rest of her physical examination was normal. Serum laboratory values are listed in Table 1. Based on the laboratory values, she was diagnosed as having severe vitamin D deficiency. She was started on 50,000 IU of vitamin D2 (Ergocalciferol) once a week for 6 months. Now her 25 hydroxyvitamin D level is 40 ng/mL, and her muscle strength has improved.