Harnessing bromide ions to boost peroxymonosulfate for reactive yellow 145 dye degradation.

Bromide (Br-) was found in the fresh waters at concentrations from 0.1 to 1 mg/L and can be used to activate peroxymonosulfate (PMS) as a widely used chemical oxidation agent. In the present study, the reaction between PMS and Br- ions (PMS/Br- process) for the effective degradation of reactive yellow 145 (RY-145) dye was investigated by changing operational parameters vis solution pH, dosage of Br- ions and PMS, RY-145 concentration, and reaction time. Based on the results, the simultaneous presence of PMS and Br- ions in the solution led to efficient degradation of RY-145 with a synergistic index of 11.89. The degradation efficiency of RY-145 was decreased in severe basic pH and the presence of CO32- ions as a coexisting anion. Likewise, 4 mg/L of humic acid (HA), used as a classic scavenger, led to a 26.53% decrease in the RY-145 degradation efficiency. The free bromine (HOBr/OBr-), superoxide radical (●O2-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) was the dominant oxidation agents in RY-145 degradation, which confirmed the nonradical degradation pathway. In addition, PMS/Br- process showed excellent ability in mineralizing RY-145 in different aqueous solutions (total organic carbon (TOC) decreased 86.39% in deionized water and 78.23% in tap water). Although pollutants such as azo dyes can be effectively removed in the PMS/Br- process, the formation of byproducts should be strategically controlled and special attention should be paid when the PMS-based advance oxidation process is applied to treat Br- containing solutions.

New insights on the decolorization of waste flows by Saccharomyces cerevisiae strain - A systematic review.

One of the common causes of water pollution is the presence of toxic dye-based effluents, which can pose a serious threat to the ecosystem and human health. The application of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for wastewater decolorization has been widely investigated due to their efficient removal and eco-friendly treatments. This review attempts to create an awareness of different forms and methods of using Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) for wastewater decolorization through a systematic approach. Overall, some suggestions on classification of dyes and related environmental/health problems, and treatment methods are discussed. Besides, the mechanisms of dye removal by S. cerevisiae including biosorption, bioaccumulation, and biodegradation and cell immobilization methods such as adsorption, covalent binding, encapsulation, entrapment, and self-aggregation are discussed. This review would help to inspire the exploration of more creative methods for applications and modification of S. cerevisiae and its further practical applications.

Hydrothermally improved natural manganese-containing catalytic materials to degrade 4-chlorophenol.

Natural manganese-containing mineral (NMM) was used as a catalyst in heterogeneous catalytic ozonation for 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) degradation. The surface and structural properties of NMM were modified by the hydrothermal aging process and called H-NMM. The catalytic activity of NMM and H-NMM were evaluated for the catalytic ozonation process (COP). The synergistic effect of NMM and H-NMM in ozonation processes for 4-CP degradation under optimal conditions (pH of 7, 1 g/L of NMM and H-NMM, 0.85 mg/min of O3, and 15 min of reaction time) was measured by 3.04 and 4.34, respectively. During the hydrothermal process, Mn4+ and Fe2+ were converted to Mn2+ and Fe3+, which caused better performance of the H-NMM than the NMM. During the catalytic ozonation process, Mn2+ is completely oxidized, which increases the production of Hydroxyl radical (•OH). The reactive oxygen species (ROS) generated in the system were identified using radical scavenging experiments. •OH, superoxide radical (•O2-), and singlet oxygen (1O2) represented the dominant reactive species for 4-CP degradation. The O3/H-NMM process indicated a powerful ability in the mineralization of 4-CP (66.31% of TOC degradation). H-NMM exhibited excellent stability and reusability in consecutive catalytic cycles, and the NMM exhibited desirable performance. This study offers NMM and H-NMM as effective, stable, and competitive catalysts for hastening and enhancing the ozonation process to mitigate environmentally related pollutants of high concern.

Torrefaction interpretation through morphological and chemical transformations of agro-waste to porous carbon-based biofuel.

In the current study, two agro-waste lignocellulosic corncob (CC) and rice husk (RH) were thermally torrefied at 200-300 °C into a porous carbon-enriched biofuel. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of produced biofuel confirmed the rounded, homogenous, and spherical structure of the produced biofuels with higher porosity at a temperature between 250 and 300 °C with 60 min retention time. Brunauer-Emmett-Teller (BET) analysis indicated the high surface area (CC: 1.19-2.87 m2 g-1 and RH: 1.22-2.67 m2 g-1) and pore volume (CC: 1.23-2.81 ×10-3 m3 g-1 and RH: 1.46-2.58 ×10-3 m3 g-1). Crystallinity index decline percent (CC= 62.87% and RH=57.10%) estimated thermal stability and rise in amorphous cellulose reformation during (250-300 °C)/60 min that would efficiently hydrolyze during oxidative pyrolysis carbon reactive sites the rise in surface area and total pore's volume, having higher conversion rate as compared to raw materials. Carbon content was upgraded to 94% by eliminating hydrogen and oxygen from lignocellulosic agro-waste to produce energy-dense CC and RH. The lignin macromolecule transformation extent was estimated by O/C trend, which was equal to 63% and 47% for CC and RH, respectively, at 300 °C for 60 min. Due to low bulk density and pre-grinding energy requirements, torrefied biofuel with decomposed fibrous structure have lower transportation costs.

Degradation of 2,4-diclorophenol via coupling zero valent iron and hydrodynamic cavitation for sulfite activation: A turbulence modeling.

The 2,4-dichlorophenol (2,4-DCP) is an important chemical precursor that can affect human endocrine system and induce pathological symptoms. This research reports the degradation of 2,4-DCP using lab-scale hydrodynamic cavitation (HC) approach, which is considered a green and effective method. To promote the degradation efficiency, the zero-valent iron (Fe0) as the catalyst for sulfate radical (SO4•-) generation via activation of sulfite (SO32-) salts was simultaneously used. Degradation efficiency was favorable in acidic pH than the alkaline pH due to higher production of active radicals and was dependent on the dose of Fe0 and SO32-. Under optimal condition, degradation efficiency by Fe0/HC/sulfite (96.67 ± 2.90%) was considerably enhanced compared to HC alone (45.37 ± 2.26%). Quenching experiments suggested that SO4•-, •OH, 1O2, and O2•- radicals were involved in the degradation of 2,4-DCP by Fe0/HC/sulfite process, but the dominant role was related to •OH (70.09% contribution) and SO4•- (29.91% contribution) radicals. From the turbulence model, turbulent pressure at venturi throat decreased from -0.42 MPa to -2.02 MPa by increasing the inlet pressure from 1.0 to 4.0 bar and increase in pressure gradient has intensified bubble collapse due to higher turbulence tension.

Direct red 89 dye degradation by advanced oxidation process using sulfite and zero valent under ultraviolet irradiation: Toxicity assessment and adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems modeling.

Sulfate-based advanced oxidation process mediated by zero-valent iron (ZVI) and ultraviolet radiation for the decomposition of sulfite salts resulted in the formation of strong oxidizing species (sulfate and hydroxide radicals) in aqueous solution is reported. Degradation of direct red 89 (DR89) dye via UV/ZVI/sulfite process was systematically investigated to evaluate the effect of pH, ZVI dose, sulfite, initial DR89 concentration, and reaction time on DR89 degradation. The synergy factor of UV/ZVI/sulfite process was found to be 2.23-times higher than the individual processes including ZVI, sulfite and UV. By increasing the ZVI dose from 100 mg/L to 300 mg/L, dye degradation was linearly enhanced from 67.12 ± 3.36% to 82.40 ± 4.12% by the UV/ZVI/sulfite process due to enhanced ZVI corrosion and sulfite activation. The highest degradation efficiency of 99.61 ± 0.02% was observed at pH of 5.0, [ZVI]0 = 300 mg/L, and [sulfite]0 = 400 mg/L. Toxicity assessment by Lepidium sativum demonstrated that treated dye solution by UV/ZVI/sulfite was within the non-toxic range. The application of optimal adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) to predict DR89 degradation indicated high accuracy of ANFIS model (R2 = 0.97 and RMSE = 0.051) via the UV/ZVI/sulfite process. It is suggested that UV/ZVI/sulfite process is suitable for industrial wastewater treatment.

Degradation of 4-chlorophenol using MnOOH and γ-MnOOH nanomaterials as porous catalyst: Performance, synergistic mechanism, and effect of co-existing anions.

Transition metal catalysts have been proven to be a highly-potent catalyst for peroxymonosulfate (PMS) activation. The present work aimed to synthesizes the γ-MnOOH and MnOOH based on the one-pot hydrothermal method as PMS activators for efficient degradation of 4-chlorophenol (4-CP). The effect of operational parameters including solution pH, γ-MnOOH and MnOOH dose, PMS dose, 4-CP concentration, and also mixture media composition was elaborated. The results showed that the combination of MnOOH and γ-MnOOH with PMS noticeably creates a synergistic effect (SF) in 4-CP degradation by both PMS/MnOOH and PMS/γ-MnOOH process, with a SF value of 48.14 and 97.42, respectively. In both systems, the removal of 4-CP decreased in severely alkaline and acidic conditions, while no significant changes were observed in pH 5 to 9. Also, coexisting PO43- significantly reduced the removal efficiency of both systems. In addition, the effect of humic acid (HA) as a classical scavenger was investigated and showed that presence of 4 mg/L HA reduced the removal efficiency of 4-CP in the PMS/MnOOH process from 97.44% to 79.3%. The three consecutive use of both catalysts turned out that MnOOH has better stability than γ-MnOOH with lower Mn ions leaching. More importantly, quenching experiment showed that both non-radical (1O2 and O2-) and radical (SO4- and OH) pathways are involved in 4-CP degradation and non-radical pathway was the dominant one in both systems.

New combination of pulsed light and iron (II) for carbonate radical production to enhanced degradation of bisphenol A: Parameter optimization and degradation pathway.

Bisphenol A(BPA) is a common industrial chemical with significant adverse impacts on Environment and human health. The present work evaluates the efficacy of pulsed light (PL) and Fe2+ ions in activation of sodium percarbonate (SPC) to produce hydroxyl (OH•) and carbonate (CO3•-) radicals for efficient degradation of BPA. The effects of operational parameters such as solution pH, SPC and Fe2+ dose as well as the mixture composition were analyzed and the decomposition pathway of BPA proposed. The BPA was successfully degraded at the initial concentration of 15.0 mg/L and optimized conditions by the PL/Fe2+/SPC process (99.67 ± 0.29%). A rapid reduction in the degradation of BPA was observed with increasing pH due to OH• radicals quenching and also the precipitation of Fe2+. Under the optimized conditions, degradation of BPA by PL/Fe2+/SPC process was five-times faster than the individual process. The quenching experiments revealed that radical and non-radical pathways on BPA degradation was accomplished with OH•, CO3•-, O2•-, and 1O2, while OH• and CO3•- radicals (as a dominant radicals) have the contributions of 80.23% and 8.30%, respectively. Based on the detected byproducts, ring cleavage can be considered as the main transformation mechanism of BPA by the PL/Fe2+/SPC process.

Artificial intelligence modeling to predict transmembrane pressure in anaerobic membrane bioreactor-sequencing batch reactor during biohydrogen production.

The complex nature of wastewater treatment has led to search for alternative strategies such as different artificial intelligence (AI) techniques to model the various operational parameters. The present work is aimed at predicting the transmembrane pressure (TMP) as a key operational parameter in the case of anaerobic membrane bioreactor-sequencing batch reactor (AnMBR-SBR) during biohydrogen production using the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems (ANFIS) and artificial neural network (ANN). In both the models, organic loading rates (OLR) ranging from 0.5 to 8.0 g COD/L/d, effluent pH (3.6-6.9), mixed liquor suspended solid (4.6-21.5 g/L) and mixed liquor volatile suspended solid (3.7-15.5 g/L) were used as the input parameters to test TMP as an output parameter. The ANFIS model was trained using the hybrid algorithms for TMP prediction. The higher prediction performance was obtained by using the Gauss membership function with four membership numbers. A back-propagation algorithm was also employed for the feed forward training of ANN model; the best structure was a Levenberg-Marquardt training algorithm with nine neurons in the hidden layer. By employing ANFIS and ANN models, relatively a good prediction of TMP was obtained with the R2 values of 0.93 and 0.88, respectively while the calculated mean square error for TMP in the ANFIS model (7.3 × 10-3) was lower than that of ANN model (8.02 × 10-3). The higher R2 and lower MSE values for the ANFIS model exhibited a better TMP prediction performance than the ANN model. Finally, it was observed that in the sensitivity analysis of ANN model, OLR was the most important input parameter on the variation of TMP.

Advanced oxidation of 4-chlorophenol via combined pulsed light and sulfate radicals methods: Effect of co-existing anions.

Pulsed light (PL) technology, which is based on photonic technology involves the application of broadband emission of light with short and high-power pulses is beginning to emerge for the treatment of wastes via advanced oxidation processes (AOP). The present work investigates the efficiency of PL as a light source for persulfate (PS) activation (PL/PS) and 4-chlorophenol)4-CP) degradation, an organic model pollutant. The influencing parameters on 4-CP degradation such as solution pH, reaction time, initial concentration of 4-CP, PS dose, pulse intensity and frequency, and distance from PL source are systematically investigated. With increasing pH from 3 to 9, the 4-CP degradation decreased from 49.79 ± 2.49 to 33.12 ± 1.66%. The 4-CP degradation followed the first order kinetics that was improved with increasing reaction time, PS dose, pulse intensity, frequency of pulse, and decreasing pH, initial 4-CP concentration and distance from the PL source. The presence of sulfate, chloride, and carbonate anions in the solution has the inhibitory effects on 4-CP degradation, while nitrate anion improved the performance of PL/PS system. In addition, presence of humic acid had an inhibitory effect on the PL/PS system, which led to a decrease of reaction rate constant and 4-CP degradation was performed in PL/PS system with OH, SO4-, O2- and 1O2 radicals. The contributions of OH and SO4- radicals were 46% and 51%, respectively for the 4-CP degradation and synergistic effect of PL/PS system showed a significant influence on 4-CP degradation while using a combination of PL and PS, suggesting that PL is an effective activator of PS.

Application of UV/chlorine processes for the DR83:1 degradation from wastewater: Effect of coexisting anions.

In the present work, effect of coexisting anions on the degradation performance of UV/chlorine (UV/Cl) processes as an advanced oxidation treatment for the dye containing wastewater was investigated. The results showed that by increasing pH of the solution from 3 to 11, degradation efficiency of UV/Cl process was reduced from 96.2 ± 1.4% to 62.9 ± 3.1%. In the case of 100 mg/L of DR83:1, the removal efficiency was improved from 30.2 ± 1.5% to 93.3 ± 4.7% when the chlorine dose was increased from 100 to 1000 µM. The HCO3- and Br- ions were the main inhibitor and promotor anions responsible for the degradation of DR83:1. The relative contribution of Cl• was higher than that for HO• and UV, which was about three-times higher than that for HO•. The lowest and highest amounts of trihalomethanes were generated at acidic and alkaline conditions as well as low disinfection by products at low pH due to the generation of more HO• radicals at acidic pH in comparison to higher pH such that less intermediates were remained to react with chlorine.

Synergistic degradation of 4-chlorophenol by persulfate and oxalic acid mixture with heterogeneous Fenton like system for wastewater treatment: Adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems modeling.

The 4-chlorophenol (4-CP) is known to be a highly toxic compound having harmful effects on human health and the environment. Due to adverse effect of 4-CP, a new combination of persulfate (PS) and oxalic acid (OA) with heterogeneous Fenton like (HFL) system was developed and applied for 4-CP degradation as an emerging contaminant from synthetic wastewater. The individual (OA, PS, and HFL) and combined (HFL/OA, HFL/PS, and HFL/OA/PS) systems were investigated under various conditions to synergistic effects verification and determination of degradation mechanism of 4-CP. Compared to individual and combined systems, significant synergetic of 4-CP degradation efficiency was observed by HFL/OA/PS system. The highest 4-CP degradation efficiency by HFL/OA/PS system under optimal conditions (solution pH: 6, H2O2 dose: 275 mg/L, goethite dose: 125 mg/L, OA dose: 50 mg/L and PS dose: 100 mg/L) with an initial 4-CP concentration of 30 mg/L was 99.6 ± 4.9% after 35 min reaction time. 4-CP degradation by HFL/OA/PS system was followed with the first-order kinetic. The application of radical scavengers including ethanol (EtOH) and tert-butyl alcohol (TBA) revealed that the SO4•- radical was determined as primary produced radical species. The Cl- ions release was measured during degradation reaction at various 4-CP concentrations and indicating the complete 4-CP degradation. The developing of the adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference system (ANFIS) for 4-CP degradation efficiency prediction was revealed. These results show that prediction of 4-CP degradation efficiency using HFL/OA/PS system is possible by the ANFIS model with a high accuracy (R2: 0.98).

Retention of atenolol from single and binary aqueous solutions by thin film composite nanofiltration membrane: Transport modeling and pore radius estimation.

The performance of a polyamide-based thin-film composite nanofiltration (NF) membrane (NF33) was investigated for the retention of atenolol, a pharmaceutical pollutant, from the single and binary aqueous solutions. The effect of pH, applied pressure, feed flux, initial atenolol (ATN) concentration, and different co-existing salts with varying concentrations were studied to test the performance of the membrane. The removal efficiency of ATN increased with increasing solution pH giving the highest retention (70.9 ± 3.1) at pH 9, which was slightly decreased with the increasing initial ATN concentration but increased with increasing applied pressure and feed flux. As per the uncharged solutes rejection concept, the average pore radius of NF membrane for slit-like and cylindrical pore geometries were, respectively 0.169 ± 0.003 and 0.264 ± 0.009 nm. The Spiegler-Kedem model could predict the performance of NF membrane by retaining ATN over the investigated range of feed flux. The calculated reflection coefficient (σ) was close to unity, demonstrating the convective transport. Addition of CaCl2 as a co-existing salt into the feed showed promoting effect on ATN retention, and its efficiency was lowered by the addition of NaCl and Na2SO4 salts. As per the cost analysis, the total annualized cost of treatment by the NF was found to be 0.53 $/m3.

Impact of prenatal triclosan exposure on gestational age and anthropometric measures at birth: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

BACKGROUND: Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals such as triclosan (TCS) leads to disrupting the endocrine system and consequently effect on the birth outcomes. The findings of studies in this field are controversial. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This systematic review and meta analysis was conducted based on the identified published papers in Scopus, Web of Science, and PubMed up to November 2019. All steps, including searching, screening, data extracting, and quality assessment, were done by two independent researchers. RESULTS: Finally 15 published papers selected. The number of participants in whom the association of TCS exposure was assessed with birth weight, birth length, birth head circumference, and gestational age were 9112, 4311, 2854, and 3181 mother infant pairs, respectively. The pooled analysis showed that TCS exposure during pregnancy leads to increasing the birth weight for boys with ß= 3.97 and 95% confidence interval (CI) (-3.98, 11.92), and girls with ß= 5.37, 95% CI (-6.00, 16.75), but the association was not statistically significant. In addition, according to fixed effects models, the TCS exposure was not significantly associated with birth length (-0.008, 95% CI [-0.049, 0.034]), birth head circumference (-0.01, 95% CI [-0.08, 0.06]), and gestational age (-0.005, 95% CI [-0.017, 0.006]). Likewise, analysis for data segregated by gender of infants revealed similar results. CONCLUSION: The obtained results depicted that the TCS exposure during pregnancy period was associated with higher birth weight for boys and girls. No significant association was observed for TCS exposure with variation of birth length, head circumference, and gestational age duration. In fact, the results showed the evidence of null associations between maternal TCS exposure and birth outcomes.

Electron flow of biological H2 production by sludge under simple thermal treatment: Kinetic study.

Mixed culture sludge has been widely used as a microbial consortium for biohydrogen production. Simple thermal treatment of sludge is usually required in order to eliminate any H2-consuming bacteria that would reduce H2 production. In this study, thermal treatment of sludge was carried out at various temperatures. Electron flow model was then applied in order to assess community structure in the sludge upon thermal treatment for biohydrogen production. Results show that the dominant electron sink was acetate (150-217 e- meq/mol glucose). The electron equivalent (e- eq) balances were within 0.8-18% for all experiments. Treatment at 100 °C attained the highest H2 yield of 3.44 mol H2/mol glucose from the stoichiometric reaction. As the treatment temperature increased from 80 to 100 °C, the computed acetyl-CoA and reduced form of ferredoxin (Fdred) concentrations increased from 13.01 to 17.34 e- eq (1.63-2.17 mol) and 1.34 to 4.18 e- eq (0.67-2.09 mol), respectively. The NADH2 balance error varied from 3 to 10% and the term e-(Fd↔NADH2) (m) in the NADH2 balance was NADH2 consumption (m = -1). The H2 production was mainly via the Fd:hydrogenase system and this is supported with a good NADH2 balance. Using the modified Gompertz model, the highest maximum H2 production potential was 1194 mL whereas the maximum rate of H2 production was 357 mL/h recorded at 100 °C of treatment.

Interactions of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in their effects on activated sludge bacteria by using two analytical methods.

Since trace metals rarely appear singly in industrial effluents, it is a major challenge to address combined effects of such toxicants on biological units of wastewater treatment plants. The aim of this study was interaction assessment of Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, and Hg in their effects on activated sludge bacteria using analytical methods. Two mathematical models were used to determine the effect of binary mixtures of Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, and Ni on activated sludge bacteria using a dehydrogenase enzyme assay. Calculated EC50 values were compared to experimentally observed values of mixtures. Interactive effects were counted to be antagonistic for Hg and Cd, Cd and Pb, Cd and Ni, and Cr and Pb, synergistic for Cd and Cr and Hg and Cr, and additive for other binary mixtures. Maximum toxicity was related to Hg and Cr, Cd and Cr, and Hg and Cd. Physicochemical monitoring of single metals may underestimate hazards arising from these pollutants in environmental samples. Therefore, any possible interaction between metals in such environments should be considered when establishing environmental safety standards.

Resazurin reduction assay, a useful tool for assessment of heavy metal toxicity in acidic conditions.

Almost all bioassays have been designed only for pH levels around 7; however, some toxicant characteristics may be different at lower pH values. In this study, a modified resazurin reduction method was used to evaluate the toxicity of heavy metals and metal plating wastewater on acid-tolerant (AT) and conventional bacteria at the natural and acidic pH conditions. According to our optimized protocol, resazurin was rapidly reduced by both conventional and AT active microorganisms. Considering the 30-min median effective concentration (30 min EC50) values, conventional bacteria were comparatively more resistant than the acid-tolerant bacteria (ATB) in the case of exposure to Cd, Pb, Cr, and Zn, but the reverse case was found for Hg. After an exposure of 30 min, Cr and Hg showed the highest toxicity to ATB (30 min EC50 values were 0.34 and 17.02 µmol/L, respectively), while Zn and Pb had a considerably lower toxicity. The modified resazurin reduction method successfully assessed the impact of metal plating wastewaters on the activities of conventional and AT bacteria. According to the findings where the wastewaters contain heavy metals, wastewater treatment facilities, which are dependent on ATB activity, should use bioassays at acidic pH values for better understanding of the effects of toxicants.

Unique effect of bromide ion on intensification of advanced oxidation processes for pollutants removal: A systematic review.

Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been developed to decompose toxic pollutants to protect the aquatic environment. AOP has been considered an alternative treatment method for wastewater treatment. Bromine is present in natural waters posing toxic effects on human health and hence, its removal from drinking water sources is necessary. Of the many techniques advanced oxidation is covered in this review. This review systematically examines literature published from 1997 to April 2024, sourced from Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Web of Science databases, focusing on the efficacy of AOPs for pollutant removal from aqueous solutions containing bromide ions to investigate the impact of bromide ions on AOPs. Data and information extracted from each article eligible for inclusion in the review include the type of AOP, type of pollutants, and removal efficiency of AOP under the presence and absence of bromide ion. Of the 1784 documents screened, 90 studies met inclusion criteria, providing insights into various AOPs, including UV/chlorine, UV/PS, UV/H2O2, UV/catalyst, and visible light/catalyst processes. The observed impact of bromide ion presence on the efficacy of AOP processes, alongside the AOP method under scrutiny, is contingent upon various factors such as the nature of the target pollutant, catalyst type, and bromide ion concentration. These considerations are crucial in selecting the best method for removing specific pollutants under defined conditions. Challenges were encountered during result analysis included variations in experimental setups, disparities in pollutant types and concentrations, and inconsistencies in reporting AOP performance metrics. Addressing these parameters in research reports will enhance the coherence and utility of subsequent systematic reviews.

Comprehensive dataset on fluoride removal from aqueous solution by enhanced electrocoagulation process by persulfate salts.

Depending on the quantity and concentration, drinking water containing fluoride (F-) ions can have either favorable or unfavorable impacts on individuals and the environment. High levels of F- (over 2 to 4 mg/L) can cause skeletal problems, dental fluorosis, and brain damage in children. Conventional F- removal is often complex and thus causes an adverse effect on the environment and financial burdens. The use of persulfate salts to enhance the electrocoagulation process is one of the most recent advances in the removal of F- from water. To investigate the efficacy of F- removal, a laboratory-scale electrochemical batch reactor with iron and aluminum electrodes was employed with various persulfate doses, pH values, current intensities, and supporting electrolyte concentrations. It was observed that the performance of the enhanced electrocoagulation process by persulfate increased over time, and it worked well in a certain range of pH. Also, for the initial F- concentration of 10 mg/L, increasing the supporting electrolyte concentration to 1.5 g/L improved fluoride removal efficiency from 80 to 91.2%, but higher concentrations (2.5 g/L) reduced efficiency to 71%. The most effective removal of F- was found to occur at a persulfate dose of 0.2 mg/L. At this dose, F- removal efficiency exceeded 92% for all studied F- concentrations. Overall, electrocoagulation using persulfate salts proved more efficient than electrocoagulation alone at removing fluoride from water sources.

Evaluation of health risk of glyphosate pesticide intake via surface and subsurface water consumption: A deterministic and probabilistic approach.

As the usage of pesticides for both agricultural and non-agricultural uses increases, it is more important than ever to employ probabilistic methods rather than deterministic ones to calculate the danger to human health. The current work demonstrates the application of deterministic and probabilistic approaches to assess the human health risk related to glyphosate during the consumption of surface and groundwater by different population groups. To that aim, the concentration of glyphosate pesticide in the surface and groundwater was measured and human health risk for three population groups including children, teens, and adults was evaluated. Overall, the probabilistic approach via Monte Carlo simulation showed a valid result for the estimation of human health risk and determination of dominant input parameters.•The health risk of glyphosate exposure during water consumption for various population groups were evaluated using deterministic and probabilistic methods.•The modeling is performed by Crystal Ball (11.1.2.4) software, as open access software, and requires a limited number of inputs.•The probabilistic method could reliably assess the risks of glyphosate by considering the variability and uncertainty in input variables.