RESUMEN
Waldenström's macroglobulinemia (WM) is a complex disease characterized by apparent morphological heterogeneity within the malignant clonal cells representing a continuum of small lymphocytes, plasmacytoid lymphocytes, and plasma cells. At the molecular level, the neoplastic B cell-derived clone has undergone somatic hypermutation, but not isotype switching, and retains the capability of plasmacytic differentiation. Although by classical definition, WM is formed by monoclonal expansion, long-lived clonal B lymphocytes are of heterogeneous origin. Even more, according to current opinion, plasma cells also conform certain population with pathogenic and clinical significance. In this article, we review the recent advances in the WM clonal architecture, briefly describe B-cell development during which the molecular changes lead to the malignant transformation and mainly focus on differences between two principal B-lineage clones, including analysis of their genome and transcriptome profiles, as well as immunophenotype features. We assume that the correct identification of a number of specific immunophenotypic molecular and expression alterations leading to proper aberrant clone detection can help to guide patient monitoring throughout treatment and successfully implement therapy strategies directed against both B- and plasma cell tumor WM clones.
Asunto(s)
Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström/diagnóstico , Macroglobulinemia de Waldenström/etiología , Animales , Linfocitos B/metabolismo , Linfocitos B/patología , Evolución Clonal/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Heterogeneidad Genética , Variación Genética , Humanos , Inmunofenotipificación , Fenotipo , Células Plasmáticas/metabolismo , Células Plasmáticas/patología , Transducción de Señal , Carga TumoralRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are RNA transcripts longer than 200 nucleotides that are not translated into proteins. They are involved in pathogenesis of many diseases including cancer and have a potential to serve as diagnostic and prognostic markers. We aimed to investigate lncRNA expression profiles in bone marrow plasma cells (BMPCs) of newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (MM) patients in comparison to normal BMPCs of healthy donors (HD) in a three-phase biomarker study. METHODS: Expression profile of 83 lncRNA was performed by RT2 lncRNA PCR Array (Qiagen), followed by quantitative real-time PCR using specific TaqMan non-coding RNA assays analyzing 84 newly diagnosed MM patients and 25 HD. RESULTS: Our analysis revealed dysregulation of two lncRNAs; NEAT1 (sensitivity of 55.0% and specificity of 79.0%) and UCA1 (sensitivity of 85.0% and specificity of 94.7%). UCA1 levels correlated with albumin and monoclonal immunoglobulin serum levels, cytogenetic aberrations, and survival of MM patients. CONCLUSION: Our study suggests a possible prognostic impact of UCA1 expression levels on MM patients.
Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores de Tumor , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/genética , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Biomarcadores , Aberraciones Cromosómicas , Diagnóstico Diferencial , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Humanos , Hibridación Fluorescente in Situ , Estimación de Kaplan-Meier , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Mieloma Múltiple/diagnóstico , Mieloma Múltiple/mortalidad , Mieloma Múltiple/terapia , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Pronóstico , Curva ROC , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la PolimerasaAsunto(s)
Amiloidosis , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas , Amiloidosis/diagnóstico , Amiloidosis/genética , Humanos , Cadenas Ligeras de Inmunoglobulina/genética , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas/diagnóstico , Amiloidosis de Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas/genética , Mutación , Patología Molecular , Células PlasmáticasRESUMEN
AIMS: Amyloidosis is caused by deposition of abnormal protein fibrils, leading to damage of organ function. Hereditary amyloidosis represents a monogenic disease caused by germline mutations in 11 amyloidogenic precursor protein genes. One of the important but non-specific symptoms of amyloidosis is hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. Diagnostics of hereditary amyloidosis is complicated and the real cause can remain overlooked. We aimed to design hereditary amyloidosis gene panel and to introduce new next-generation sequencing (NGS) approach to investigate hereditary amyloidosis in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of unknown significance. METHODS: Design of target enrichment DNA library preparation using Haloplex Custom Kit containing 11 amyloidogenic genes was followed by MiSeq Illumina sequencing and bioinformatics identification of germline variants using tool VarScan in a cohort of 40 patients. RESULTS: We present design of NGS panel for 11 genes (TTR, FGA, APOA1, APOA2, LYZ, GSN, CST3, PRNP, APP, B2M, ITM2B) connected to various forms of amyloidosis. We detected one mutation, which is responsible for hereditary amyloidosis. Some other single nucleotide variants are so far undescribed or rare variants or represent common polymorphisms in European population. CONCLUSIONS: We report one positive case of hereditary amyloidosis in a cohort of patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy of unknown significance and set up first panel for NGS in hereditary amyloidosis. This work may facilitate successful implementation of the NGS method by other researchers or clinicians and may improve the diagnostic process after validation.
Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis Familiar/genética , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/genética , Análisis Mutacional de ADN/métodos , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Secuenciación de Nucleótidos de Alto Rendimiento , Mutación , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Transcriptoma , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Amiloidosis Familiar/diagnóstico , Cardiomiopatía Hipertrófica/diagnóstico , Biología Computacional , República Checa , Femenino , Frecuencia de los Genes , Marcadores Genéticos , Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Fenotipo , Proyectos Piloto , Valor Predictivo de las Pruebas , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Factores de RiesgoAsunto(s)
Mieloma Múltiple , Humanos , Mieloma Múltiple/genética , Mutación , Neoplasia Residual , Medicina de PrecisiónRESUMEN
Immunoglobulin light chain amyloidosis (ALA) is a plasma cell dyscrasia characterized by deposition of amyloid fibrils in various organs and tissues. The current paper is devoted to clarify if ALA has a unique gene expression profile and to its pathogenetic argumentation. The meta-analysis of ALA patients vs. healthy donors, monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance, smoldering and multiple myeloma patients' cohorts have revealed molecular signature of ALA consists of 256 genes representing mostly ribosomal proteins and immunoglobulin regions. This signature appears pathogenetically supported and elucidates for the first time the role of ribosome dysfunction in ALA. In summary of our findings with literature overview, we hypothesize that ALA development is associated not only with changes in genes, coding amyloidogenic protein itself, but with post-transcriptional disbalance as well. Based on our data analysis in ALA, ribosome machinery is impaired and the affected link mainly involves translational initiation, elongation and co-translational protein folding.
Asunto(s)
Amiloidosis/genética , Genes de las Cadenas Ligeras de las Inmunoglobulinas , Paraproteinemias/genética , Animales , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , HumanosRESUMEN
Flow cytometry (FCM) has found its application in clinical diagnosis and evaluation of monoclonal gammopathies (MG). Although, research has been mainly focused on multiple myeloma (MM), nowadays FCM becomes to be potential tool in the field of AL amyloidosis. Clonal plasma cells identification and specific phenotype profile detection is important for diagnosis, monitoring and prognosis of AL amyloidosis. Therefore, FCM could be a perspective method for study not only MM but also AL amyloidosis. This review provides an overview and possibilities of FCM application in AL amyloidosis.