Submucosal infiltrate of anisakis larvae. Rare cause of intestinal obstruction.

Patient aged 71 with a history of type 2 diabetes mellitus. He came to the emergency department for abdominal pain and vomiting. Laboratory tests showed an increase in acute phase reactants. Abdominal CT scan showed dilated jejunal loops, compatible with intestinal occlusion. Urgent intervention was performed, resecting the affected segment. The pathology report showed a prominent transmural inflammatory infiltrate and interstitial oedema, with moderate villous atrophy, identifying parasitic structures compatible with anisakis larvae (family Anisakidae). Given the mechanism of tissue invasion, the larvae are surrounded by a predominantly eosinophilic inflammatory infiltrate, organised as granulomas or abscesses.

Myolipoma of the round ligament of the liver: a diagnosis to be considered.

A 39-year-old patient consulted for an incidental finding of a mesenteric-epiploic mass measuring 11x6x9.5 cm. Laparoscopic excision of the lesion and cholecystectomy were indicated, revealing a myolipomatous mesenchymal neoplasm in the hepatic round ligament.

Emphysematous hepatitis: a very rare entity with a poor prognosis.

A 67-year-old female, with no alterations in glucose metabolism or other relevant history, presented to the Emergency Department due to abdominal pain and vomiting after a syncopal episode. Physical examination revealed a poor general condition, mild stupor and a distended abdomen, painful on palpation in the right hypochondrium, with localized rigidity. On arrival at the Emergency Department, the patient's blood pressure (BP) was 150/66 mmHg, heart rate (HR) was 110 beats/minute and temperature 35 °C.

A case report of hepatic angiomyolipoma, inflammatory subtype. Clinico-pathological characterization: a diagnostic challenge.

BACKGROUND: Angiomyolipoma is a benign mesenchymal neoplasm of a wide histological heterogeneity belonging to the PEComa "family." The liver, after the kidney, is their second most frequent location. However, inflammatory hepatic AMLs constitute a rare entity, with only fourteen documented cases until 2020. These neoplasms can overlap morphological features of IgG4-related diseases, being of great diagnostic relevance to demonstrating myomelanocytic-lineage differentiation of the neoplastic cells. CASE PRESENTATION: we present a new case of an inflammatory hepatic AML resembling an IgG4-related disease in a 35-year-old woman with a subcapsular 5 cm mass confined to segment VII of the right hepatic lobe. Although having reduced its size along the tumor's natural evolution, complete tumor resection was decided due to its hypermetabolic behavior (max. SUV = 12,6) assessed by PET-CT scan. Finally, the patient underwent a right hepatectomy due to spontaneous rupture and bleeding of the lesion during the intervention. All the diagnostic and therapeutic procedures occurred in the last months of the COVID-19 pandemic. CONCLUSIONS: This review aims to describe inflammatory hepatic AML histological and immunohistochemical features. We further sought to establish a clinicopathological contextualization of this tumoral subtype.

What is being researched in rectal cancer? / ¿Qué se investiga en cáncer de recto?

INTRODUCTION: Clinical evidence has a more significant role in medical specialties than in surgery. Rectal cancer (CR) is no exception. This paper explores what CR-related subjects are being investigated at the present time in a quantitative and qualitative way and analyzes this information to know what possible answers clinical research could give us in the future. METHODS: The data collection was carried out in April 2014 and was based on 3 sources: 2 institutional clinical trials registries -American (clinicaltrials.gov) and European (EU Clinical Trials Register)- and a survey given to members of the Asociación Española de Coloproctología (AECP). The obtained studies were exported to a database designed especially for this review, which included a number of descriptive elements that would allow the cataloging of the different studies. The AECP survey results were analyzed separately. RESULTS: There are currently 216 clinical trials ongoing related to CR. Two-thirds are primarily conducted by oncologists. Nearly a third are surgical. The research focuses on improving preoperative treatment: new drugs, new schemes of chemo-radiotherapy (usually induction or consolidation schemes) or optimization of radiotherapy and its effects. Surgical clinical trials are related to robotics, laparoscopy, stoma, low colorectal anastomosis, distal CR and local treatment. CONCLUSION: Most of the current clinical trials ongoing on CR are analyzing aspects of chemo-radiotherapy and its effects. A third focus on purely surgical issues.