Arthritis prevalence is associated with metabolic syndrome risk factors but not with physical activity in middle-aged and older patients - a cross-sectional study.

BACKGROUND: In light of the aging population, increasingly suffering from the metabolic syndrome (MS), strategies need to be developed to address global public health challenges known to be associated with MS such as arthritis. As physical activity (PA) may play a crucial role in tackling those challenges, this study aimed to determine the association between the number of MS risk factors, PA and arthritis in people ≥ 50 years old. METHODS: Data from the Survey of Health, Ageing, and Retirement in Europe (SHARE) were used to estimate the prevalence of arthritis and MS risk factors in the European population ≥ 50 years and to evaluate the associations between MS risk factors, PA and arthritis. Binary logistic regression was performed to calculate the odds ratio of different factors. RESULTS: 73,125 participants were included in the analysis. 55.75% of patients stated at least one of the three MS risk factors. The prevalence of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and osteoarthritis (OA)/other rheumatism among ≥ 50 years population was 10.19% and 19.32% respectively. Females showed a higher prevalence of arthritis than males. Prevalence did not differ between groups with different levels of PA. Arthritis prevalence was positively correlated with the number of MS risk factors (P < 0.01) but not with PA (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: Middle-aged and older Europeans with multiple comorbidities suffered from RA, OA or other rheumatism more frequently than participants with fewer comorbidities, while the level of physical activity was not associated with the number of metabolic risk factors in patients with RA and OA/other rheumatism.

Concurrent validity of inertial measurement units in range of motion measurements of upper extremity: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Inertial measurement units (IMUs) have proven to be valuable tools in measuring the range of motion (RoM) of human upper limb joints. Although several studies have reported on the validity of IMUs compared to the gold standard (optical motion capture system, OMC), a quantitative summary of the accuracy of IMUs in measuring RoM of upper limb joints is still lacking. Thus, the primary objective of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to determine the concurrent validity of IMUs for measuring RoM of the upper extremity in adults. Fifty-one articles were included in the systematic review, and data from 16 were pooled for meta-analysis. Concurrent validity is excellent for shoulder flexion-extension (Pearson's r = 0.969 [0.935, 0.986], ICC = 0.935 [0.749, 0.984], mean difference = -3.19 (p = 0.55)), elbow flexion-extension (Pearson's r = 0.954 [0.929, 0.970], ICC = 0.929 [0.814, 0.974], mean difference = 10.61 (p = 0.36)), wrist flexion-extension (Pearson's r = 0.974 [0.945, 0.988], mean difference = -4.20 (p = 0.58)), good to excellent for shoulder abduction-adduction (Pearson's r = 0.919 [0.848, 0.957], ICC = 0.840 [0.430, 0.963], mean difference = -7.10 (p = 0.50)), and elbow pronation-supination (Pearson's r = 0.966 [0.939, 0.981], ICC = 0.821 [0.696, 0.900]). There are some inconsistent results for shoulder internal-external rotation (Pearson's r = 0.939 [0.894, 0.965], mean difference = -9.13 (p < 0.0001)). In conclusion, the results support IMU as a viable instrument for measuring RoM of upper extremity, but for some specific joint movements, such as shoulder rotation and wrist ulnar-radial deviation, IMU measurements need to be used with caution.

Effects of Online Bodyweight High-Intensity Interval Training Intervention and Health Education on the Mental Health and Cognition of Sedentary Young Females.

This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of an online high-intensity interval training (HIIT) intervention and health education on the behaviors, mental health, and cognitive function of sedentary young females. A single-blinded, six-week, randomized controlled pilot trial involving 70 sedentary young Chinese females, aged 18-30 years, was conducted. An intervention group (IG) (n = 33) underwent a HIIT intervention and health education, while a waitlist group (WG) (n = 37) only received health education. In pre-, mid-, and post-tests, both groups filled out questionnaires about physical activity, sedentary behavior, and mental health. Cognitive functions were assessed at the pre- and post-tests by computer-administered cognitive tests. A mixed-effect model with repeated measures was used to analyze outcomes of interest. The retention rate of the IG and WG was 100% and 78.38%, respectively. The IG were found to have significantly increased rates of moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (Mdiff = 940.61, p < 0.001, 95% confidence interval (95% CI): 576.67, 1304.55) from pre-test to post-test, while the WG demonstrated a more marked reduction in sedentary time (Mdiff = -73.02, p = 0.038, 95% CI: -141.90, -4.14) compared with the IG in the post-test. Moreover, anxiety and stress levels were shown to significantly reduce in the IG over the six-week period (Mdiff = -4.73, p = 0.002, 95% CI: -7.30, -2.15 and Mdiff = -5.09, p = 0.001, 95% CI: -8.29, -1.89, respectively). In addition, we observed a significant improvement in verbal ability (p = 0.008, ηp2 = 0.19) following the HIIT intervention and effects of the interaction with time on processing speed (p = 0.050, ηp2 = 0.10) and episodic memory (p = 0.048, ηp2 = 0.11). Moreover, the IG had better global cognitive performance than the WG in the post-test (Mdiff = 8.28, p = 0.003, 95% CI: 3.06, 13.50). In summary, both an online bodyweight HIIT intervention combined with health education, or health education alone, can effectively improve health-related behaviors, but the behavioral consequences may differ based on the emphasis of different intervention modalities. Furthermore, the "bodyweight HIIT plus health education" modality might be a more promising online intervention strategy to mitigate against negative emotions and improve cognitive function.