RESUMEN
Newly growing evidence highlights the essential role that epitranscriptomic marks play in the development of many cancers; however, little is known about the role and implications of altered epitranscriptome deposition in prostate cancer. Here, we show that the transfer RNA N7-methylguanosine (m7G) transferase METTL1 is highly expressed in primary and advanced prostate tumours. Mechanistically, we find that METTL1 depletion causes the loss of m7G tRNA methylation and promotes the biogenesis of a novel class of small non-coding RNAs derived from 5'tRNA fragments. 5'tRNA-derived small RNAs steer translation control to favour the synthesis of key regulators of tumour growth suppression, interferon pathway, and immune effectors. Knockdown of Mettl1 in prostate cancer preclinical models increases intratumoural infiltration of pro-inflammatory immune cells and enhances responses to immunotherapy. Collectively, our findings reveal a therapeutically actionable role of METTL1-directed m7G tRNA methylation in cancer cell translation control and tumour biology.
Asunto(s)
Carcinogénesis , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Carcinogénesis/genética , Transformación Celular Neoplásica , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Transcripción Genética , Procesamiento Postranscripcional del ARN , Metiltransferasas/genéticaRESUMEN
Prostate cancer exhibits high prevalence and accounts for a high number of cancer-related deaths. The discovery and characterization of molecular determinants of aggressive prostate cancer represents an active area of research. The Immediate Early Response (IER) family of genes, which regulate Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A) activity, has emerged among the factors that influence cancer biology. Here, we show that the less studied member of this family, Immediate Early Response 5 like (IER5L), is upregulated in aggressive prostate cancer. Interestingly, the upregulation of IER5L expression exhibits a robust association with metastatic disease in prostate and is recapitulated in other cancer types. In line with this observation, IER5L silencing reduces foci formation, migration and invasion ability in a variety of human and murine prostate cancer cell lines. In vivo, using zebrafish and immunocompromised mouse models, we demonstrate that IER5L-silencing reduces prostate cancer tumor growth, dissemination, and metastasis. Mechanistically, we characterize the transcriptomic and proteomic landscapes of IER5L-silenced cells. This approach allowed us to identify DNA replication and monomeric G protein regulators as downstream programs of IER5L through a pathway that is consistent with the regulation of PP2A. In sum, we report the alteration of IER5L in prostate cancer and beyond and provide biological and molecular evidence of its contribution to tumor aggressiveness.
Asunto(s)
Progresión de la Enfermedad , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Proteína Fosfatasa 2 , Masculino , Neoplasias de la Próstata/patología , Neoplasias de la Próstata/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata/metabolismo , Humanos , Proteína Fosfatasa 2/metabolismo , Proteína Fosfatasa 2/genética , Animales , Ratones , Línea Celular Tumoral , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , Pez Cebra , Movimiento Celular/genética , Proliferación CelularRESUMEN
Signaling rewiring allows tumors to survive therapy. Here we show that the decrease of the master regulator microphthalmia transcription factor (MITF) in lethal prostate cancer unleashes eukaryotic initiation factor 3B (eIF3B)-dependent translation reprogramming of key mRNAs conferring resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) and promoting immune evasion. Mechanistically, MITF represses through direct promoter binding eIF3B, which in turn regulates the translation of specific mRNAs. Genome-wide eIF3B enhanced cross-linking immunoprecipitation sequencing (eCLIP-seq) showed specialized binding to a UC-rich motif present in subsets of 5' untranslated regions. Indeed, translation of the androgen receptor and major histocompatibility complex I (MHC-I) through this motif is sensitive to eIF3B amount. Notably, pharmacologic targeting of eIF3B-dependent translation in preclinical models sensitizes prostate cancer to ADT and anti-PD-1 therapy. These findings uncover a hidden connection between transcriptional and translational rewiring promoting therapy-refractory lethal prostate cancer and provide a druggable mechanism that may transcend into effective combined therapeutic strategies. SIGNIFICANCE: Our study shows that specialized eIF3B-dependent translation of specific mRNAs released upon downregulation of the master transcription factor MITF confers castration resistance and immune evasion in lethal prostate cancer. Pharmacologic targeting of this mechanism delays castration resistance and increases immune-checkpoint efficacy. This article is featured in Selected Articles from This Issue, p. 2489.
Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración , Neoplasias de la Próstata , Masculino , Humanos , Factores de Transcripción , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/farmacología , Antagonistas de Andrógenos/uso terapéutico , Evasión Inmune , Receptores Androgénicos/genética , Castración , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/tratamiento farmacológico , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/genética , Neoplasias de la Próstata Resistentes a la Castración/patologíaRESUMEN
The use of genetic tests in assisted reproduction is growing fast. Among potential usages, the selection of the most suitable donor profile stands out. Being able to consider the genomic compatibility between donor and recipient is very important in order to prevent certain diseases. Nevertheless, taking this new factor into account can significantly increase the time needed for donor selection. This paper describes a web-tool designed to automatize the comparison of genomic and phenotypic profiles in assisted reproduction practices, which potentially reduces the chance of error and the time needed in donor-matching processes.