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Since first developed, the conducting materials in wireless communication and electromagnetic interference (EMI) shielding devices have been primarily made of metal-based structures. Here, we present a graphene-assembled film (GAF) that can be used to replace copper in such practical electronics. The GAF-based antennas present strong anticorrosive behavior. The GAF ultra-wideband antenna covers the frequency range of 3.7 GHz to 67 GHz with the bandwidth (BW) of 63.3 GHz, which exceed ~110% than the copper foil-based antenna. The GAF Fifth Generation (5G) antenna array features a wider BW and lower sidelobe level compared with that of copper antennas. EMI shielding effectiveness (SE) of GAF also outperforms copper, reaching up to 127 dB in the frequency range of 2.6 GHz to 0.32 THz, with a SE per unit thickness of 6,966 dB/mm. We also confirm that GAF metamaterials exhibit promising frequency selection characteristics and angular stability as flexible frequency selective surfaces.
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Piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) are small noncoding RNAs that repress transposable elements to maintain genome integrity. The canonical catalytic hairpin assembly (CHA) circuit relies on random collisions of free-diffused reactant probes, which substantially slow down reaction efficiency and kinetics. Herein, we demonstrate the construction of a spatial-confined self-stacking catalytic circuit for rapid and sensitive imaging of piRNA in living cells based on intramolecular and intermolecular hybridization-accelerated CHA. We rationally design a 3WJ probe that not only accelerates the reaction kinetics by increasing the local concentration of reactant probes but also eliminates background signal leakage caused by cross-entanglement of preassembled probes. This strategy achieves high sensitivity and good specificity with shortened assay time. It can quantify intracellular piRNA expression at a single-cell level, discriminate piRNA expression in tissues of breast cancer patients and healthy persons, and in situ image piRNA in living cells, offering a new approach for early diagnosis and postoperative monitoring.
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ARN Interferente Pequeño , Humanos , ARN Interferente Pequeño/genética , Catálisis , Hibridación de Ácido Nucleico , Femenino , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Cinética , ARN de Interacción con PiwiRESUMEN
[18F]-Florbetazine ([18F]-92) is a selective PET tracer for ß-amyloid (Aß) depositions with a novel diaryl-azine scaffold to reduce lipophilicity and to achieve higher gray-to-white matter contrast. We aimed to assess its diagnostic value in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and pharmacokinetics characteristics in human subjects. METHODS: Six healthy controls (HCs) and nine AD patients underwent dynamic PET examination with [18F]-Florbetazine and a structural MRI scan. The time-activity-curves (TACs) for volumes of interest (VOIs) in cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex and cerebral white matter was depicted and their standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) with cerebellar cortex as reference were compared between HCs and AD patients. The cerebral gray-to-white matter SUV ratio (GWR) was also calculated. RESULTS: In HCs, radioactivities in the cerebral cortex VOIs were homogeneously low and at the same level as in cerebellar cortex, while in AD patients, cortical VOIs expected to contain Aß exhibited high radioactivity. Cerebral cortex SUVRs remain relatively low in HCs while keep increasing along with time in AD patients. After 15 min, the cerebral cortex SUVRs became significant higher in AD patients compared to HCs with 100 % discrimination accuracy. In AD patients, GWR remained over 1.3 for all time intervals and visual inspection showed lower uptake in cerebral white matter compared to cerebral cortex. CONCLUSION: [18F]-Florbetazine PET showed high uptake on Aß plaques and high gray-to-white contrast in AD patients that are favorable in visual read. [18F]-Florbetazine can be potentially used for detection and quantification of Aß depositions in the living human brain.
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Silk gland size in silkworms (Bombyx mori) affects silk output. However, the molecular mechanisms by which genes regulate silk gland size remain unclear. In this study, silk glands from three pure silkworm strains (A798, A306 and XH) with different silk gland weight phenotypes were compared using transcriptomics and proteomics to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs). When comparing A798 to A306 and A798 to XH, 830 and 469 DEGs were up-regulated, respectively. These genes were related to the gene ontology terms, metabolic process, transport activity and biosynthesis process. In addition, 372 and 302 up-regulated differentially expressed proteins were detected in A798 to A306 and A798 to XH, respectively, related to the gene ontology terms, ribosome and protein export, ribosome and polypeptide biosynthesis processes. Moreover, combined transcriptomics, proteomics and weighted correlation network analyses showed that five genes (BGIBMGA002524, BGIBMGA002629, BGIBMGA005659, BGIBMGA005711 and BGIBMGA010889) were significantly associated with the silk gland weight. Reverse Transcription-quantitative real-time Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-qPCR) and Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were used to verify the mRNA and protein expression of five genes in the silk glands and tissues of 18 silkworm strains. The results showed that four genes have higher expression levels in heavier silk glands. These genes are associated with glycogen metabolism, fatty acid synthesis and branched chain amino acid metabolism, thus potentially promoting growth and silk protein synthesis. These findings provide valuable insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the relationship between silk gland weight and silk yield in silkworms.
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Bombyx , Animales , Bombyx/metabolismo , Multiómica , Seda/genética , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica/métodos , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismoRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Lung adenocarcinoma is a high-mortality rate cancer. Within this category, Lung mucinous adenocarcinoma (LMAC) is a rare and distinct subtype of lung adenocarcinoma necessitating further investigation. The study was launched to compare the difference of survival features between LMAC and lung non-mucinous adenocarcinoma (LNMAC) and to investigate the significance and demand for developing a new staging system tailored to LMAC. METHODS: This retrospective study assessed the suitableness of the current staging system for LMAC. It compared the overall survival (OS) between LMAC and LNMAC from 2004 to 2020 (LNMAC: 160,387; LMAC: 6,341) and instituted a novel classification framework for LMAC based on US population. Verification group consisting of patients from two Chinese medical centers from 2010 to 2018 (n = 392) was set to ascertain the applicability of this novel system. The primary endpoint was OS. To minimize the bias, propensity score match (PSM) was employed. Survival analysis and Log-rank test were executed to explore the survival features of LMAC. RESULTS: The results indicated that the existed staging system was not suitable for LMAC. Patients diagnosed with LMAC exhibited a superior OS compared to those with LNMAC in stage IA2 (P < 0.0001), IA3 (P < 0.0001), IB (P = 0.0062), IIA (P = 0.0090), IIB (P = 0.0005). In contrast, a worse OS in stage IVA (P = 0.0103) was found in LMAC patients. The novel classification system proposed for LMAC proved to be highly applicable and demonstrated substantial efficacy, as confirmed by the verification group. CONCLUSION: The newly established classification system was more effective for LMAC, but it necessitates large-scale verification to confirm its applicability and reliability.
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Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Estadificación de Neoplasias , Humanos , Estadificación de Neoplasias/métodos , Masculino , Femenino , Estudios Retrospectivos , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/patología , Adenocarcinoma Mucinoso/mortalidad , Persona de Mediana Edad , Neoplasias Pulmonares/patología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/mortalidad , Anciano , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/patología , Adenocarcinoma del Pulmón/mortalidad , Adulto , Pronóstico , Análisis de SupervivenciaRESUMEN
Neonatal pulmonary hemorrhage is a late manifestation of various diseases. Premature delivery and low body weight are frequently observed as high-risk factors, characterized by acute onset, rapid progression, and high mortality rates. Pulmonary hemorrhage caused by cytomegalovirus infection in newborns with normal immune function is a rare occurrence. This case report focuses on a term neonate with normal birth weight who presented solely with nasal obstruction shortly after birth. However, 4 days after birth, the newborn experienced a sudden onset of blood gushing from both the mouth and nasal cavity. The patient was diagnosed with gastrointestinal bleeding, neonatal pneumonia and neonatal lung consolidation. And he was discharged after ten days of symptomatic treatment. However, upon returning home, the patient experienced a sudden onset of bleeding from the mouth and nose, leading to his untimely demise. Subsequent autopsy revealed the presence of pulmonary hemorrhage in newborn, which presented as interstitial pneumonia. The cause of pulmonary hemorrhage is cytomegalovirus infection. This case emphasizes the importance of pediatricians enhancing their skills in differentiating pulmonary hemorrhage, especially from cytomegalovirus pneumonia.
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Infecciones por Citomegalovirus , Hemorragia , Humanos , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/complicaciones , Infecciones por Citomegalovirus/diagnóstico , Recién Nacido , Masculino , Resultado Fatal , Hemorragia/etiología , Citomegalovirus , Pulmón/patología , Pulmón/diagnóstico por imagen , Pulmón/virología , Neumonía Viral/complicaciones , Neumonía Viral/diagnóstico , Neumonía Viral/virología , Autopsia , Enfermedades Pulmonares/virología , Enfermedades Pulmonares/etiologíaRESUMEN
Digital light processing (DLP)-based three-dimensional (3D) printing is an ideal tool to manufacture hydrogel structures in complex 3D forms. Using DLP to print hydrogel structures with high resolution requires the addition of water-soluble photo-absorbers to absorb excess light and confine photopolymerization to the desired area. However, the current photo-absorbers for hydrogel printing are neither efficient to absorb the excess light nor water-soluble. Herein, we report a volatile microemulsion template method that converts a wide range of commercial non-water-soluble photo-absorbers including Sudan orange G, quercetin, and many others to water-soluble nanoparticles with solubility above 1.0 g mL-1. After using these water-soluble photo-absorber nanoparticles, the highest lateral and vertical resolutions of printing high-water-content (70-80 wt%) hydrogels can be improved to 5 µm and 20 µm, respectively. Moreover, the quercetin nanoparticle can be easily washed out so that we achieve colorless and transparent printed hydrogel structures with excellent mechanical deformability and biocompatibility as well as thermally controllable variations on transparency and actuation. The proposed methods pave a new efficient way to develop water-soluble photo-absorbers, which helps to greatly improve the printing resolution of the high-water-content hydrogel structure and would be beneficial to extend the application scope of hydrogels.
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This study sought to identify a reference tissue-based quantification approach for improving the statistical power in detecting changes in brain glucose metabolism, amyloid, and tau deposition in Alzheimer's disease studies. A total of 794, 906, and 903 scans were included for 18 F-FDG, 18 F-florbetapir, and 18 F-flortaucipir, respectively. Positron emission tomography (PET) and T1-weighted images of participants were collected from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative database, followed by partial volume correction. The standardized uptake value ratios (SUVRs) calculated from the cerebellum gray matter, centrum semiovale, and pons were evaluated at both region of interest (ROI) and voxelwise levels. The statistical power of reference tissues in detecting longitudinal SUVR changes was assessed via paired t-test. In cross-sectional analysis, the impact of reference tissue-based SUVR differences between cognitively normal and cognitively impaired groups was evaluated by effect sizes Cohen's d and two sample t-test adjusted by age, sex, and education levels. The average ROI t values of pons were 86.62 and 38.40% higher than that of centrum semiovale and cerebellum gray matter in detecting glucose metabolism decreases, while the centrum semiovale reference tissue-based SUVR provided higher t values for the detection of amyloid and tau deposition increases. The three reference tissues generated comparable d images for 18 F-FDG, 18 F-florbetapir, and 18 F-flortaucipir and comparable t maps for 18 F-florbetapir and 18 F-flortaucipir, but pons-based t map showed superior performance in 18 F-FDG. In conclusion, the tracer-specific reference tissue improved the detection of 18 F-FDG, 18 F-florbetapir, and 18 F-flortaucipir PET SUVR changes, which helps the early diagnosis, monitoring of disease progression, and therapeutic response in Alzheimer's disease.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Disfunción Cognitiva , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/metabolismo , Amiloide/metabolismo , Compuestos de Anilina , Encéfalo/diagnóstico por imagen , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Carbolinas , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/metabolismo , Estudios Transversales , Glicoles de Etileno , Fluorodesoxiglucosa F18/metabolismo , Glucosa/metabolismo , Humanos , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodosRESUMEN
This study aims to investigate the association between long-term donepezil treatment and brain neuropathological burden and cognitive function in mild cognitive impairment (MCI) patients. Preprocessed 18 F-AV-45 amyloid and 18 F-AV-1451 tau positron emission tomography (PET) images, magnetic resonance imaging images (MRIs), demographic information, and donepezil use status were downloaded from 255 MCI participants enrolled in the Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Initiative database. Partial volume correction was applied to all PET images. Structural MRIs were used for PET spatial normalization. Regions of interest (ROIs) were defined in standard space, and standardized uptake value ratio (SUVR) images relative to the cerebellum were computed. Multiple linear regression with the least absolute shrinkage selector operator was performed to analyze the effect of long-term donepezil treatment on (a) the SUVR of each 18 F-AV-45 or 18 F-AV-1451 brain PET ROI after adjusting for age, sex, education, ApoE ε4 status, and AD-associated disease risk factors; and (b) cognitive performance after adjusting for age, sex education, ApoE ε4 status, AD-associated disease risk factors, and regional amyloid or tau burden. In adjusted models, long-term donepezil treatment was associated with greater amyloid load in the orbital frontal, superior frontal, parietal, posterior precuneus, posterior cingulate, lateral temporal, inferior temporal and fusiform regions, and tau burden in the posterior cingulate, entorhinal and parahippocampal gyrus. Long-term donepezil treatment was also associated with worse performance on the 13-item Alzheimer's Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive subscale after adjusting for AD-related risk factors and regional brain amyloid or tau load. These results indicate that long-term donepezil treatment is associated with increased regional amyloid and tau burden and worse cognitive performance among individuals with MCI. Our study highlights the importance of using noninvasive and quantitative 18 F-AV-45 and 18 F-AV-1451 PET to elucidate the consequences of drug administration in AD studies.
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Enfermedad de Alzheimer , Disfunción Cognitiva , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/tratamiento farmacológico , Enfermedad de Alzheimer/patología , Péptidos beta-Amiloides/metabolismo , Encéfalo/metabolismo , Carbolinas , Disfunción Cognitiva/diagnóstico por imagen , Disfunción Cognitiva/tratamiento farmacológico , Disfunción Cognitiva/patología , Donepezilo/uso terapéutico , Humanos , Imagen por Resonancia Magnética , Tomografía de Emisión de Positrones/métodos , Proteínas tau/metabolismoRESUMEN
We previously observed an over-dominant silkworm heterosis of increased yield in a cross of Bombyx mori nuclear polyhydrosis virus-resistant strain NB with a susceptible strain 306. In the present study, we found that heterosis also exists in crosses of NB with other susceptible strains, indicating it is a more general phenomenon. We performed comparative transcriptome and proteome and identified 1624 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 298 differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) in silk glands between parents and F1 hybrids, of which 24 DEGs/DEPs showed consistent expression at mRNA and protein levels revealed by Venn joint analysis. Their expressions are completely non-additive, mainly transgressive and under low-parent, suggesting recombination of parental genomes may be the major genetic mechanism for the heterosis. GO and KEGG analyses revealed that they may function in generally similar but distinctive aspects of metabolisms and processes with signal transduction and translation being most affected. Notably, they may not only up-regulate biosynthesis and transport of silk proteins but also down-regulate other unrelated processes, synergistically and globally remodelling the silk gland to increase yield and cause the heterosis. Our findings contribute insights into the understanding of silkworm heterosis and silk gland development and provide targets for transgenic manipulation to further increase the silk yield.
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Bombyx , Animales , Bombyx/metabolismo , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Vigor Híbrido , Proteínas de Insectos/genética , Proteínas de Insectos/metabolismo , Proteoma/genética , Proteoma/metabolismo , Seda , TranscriptomaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Sarcopenia is associated with poor clinical outcomes of patients who underwent esophagectomy. The current diagnostic criteria for sarcopenia are complex and laborious. We aimed to employ the simple and economic indicator sarcopenia index (SI = creatinine/cystatin C ×100) to screen for sarcopenia and to evaluate its prognostic value in patients with esophageal cancer (EC). METHODS: Older participants in the National health and nutrition examination survey (NHANES) database (1999-2002) were divided into three groups according to tertiles of the SI value to explore the feasibility of SI in the diagnosis of sarcopenia. Restricted cubic spline (RCS) was utilized to show the non-linear relationship between all-cause mortality and SI. Patients with EC admitted to Jinling Hospital were enrolled to validate the efficacy and prognostic value of SI. Cut-off values of SI were determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. Multivariable logistic analyses and Cox analyses were used to identify the independent factors of postoperative complications and long-term survival, respectively. RESULTS: A total of 989 participants were identified from the NHANES database. SI showed the diagnostic value of sarcopenia (tertile 1 vs. tertile 3: odds ratio [OR]=3.67, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.52-8.87, p=0.004; tertile 2 vs. tertile 3: OR=1.79, 95% CI: 0.75-4.28, p=0.191) adjusted for race, gender, and body mass index (BMI). Individuals with SI ≤ 68 had a poorer overall survival (OS) (hazard ratio [HR]=2.14, 95% CI: 1.71-2.68, p<0.001), and the RCS plot showed that the all-cause mortality risk gradually decreased with the increase in SI. Then, 203 patients with EC were enrolled, of which 76 patients were diagnosed with sarcopenia. There was a linear correlation between SI and skeletal muscle index and prealbumin, indicating that SI was reliable for diagnosing sarcopenia. Patients in the high sarcopenia risk group (Male: SI < 62; Female: SI < 55) showed a higher incidence of complications (OR=3.50, 95% CI: 1.85-6.61, p<0.001) and poorer long-term survival (HR=2.62, 95% CI: 1.02-6.77, p=0.046). CONCLUSION: SI could be used to identify sarcopenia in patients with EC, and it is a useful prognostic factor of postoperative complications and long-term survival.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Sarcopenia , Creatinina , Cistatina C , Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias Esofágicas/complicaciones , Neoplasias Esofágicas/diagnóstico , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugía , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Encuestas Nutricionales , Complicaciones Posoperatorias/epidemiología , Pronóstico , Estudios Retrospectivos , Sarcopenia/epidemiologíaRESUMEN
More and more discoveries have been made about the chronic toxic effects of aluminum, but the specific mechanism of action remains unclear. In this study, we explored the perturbation of aluminum on intestinal microflora and its effects on host and microbial metabolites through a more realistic nutrient absorption model. The microorganisms Turicibacter, Lactobacillus murinus, Lactobacillus_reuteri and Bifidobacterium pseudolongum may be the main targets of the aluminum affecting microbiota. Lysine, proline, putrescine, serotonin and cholesterol may be important metabolites affected by aluminum ions after the interference of intestinal flora composition, leading to abnormal metabolism pathways of amino acids and lipids in the body, and thus promoting inflammation and lesion. The possible mechanisms of aluminum action on the body: (1) Affecting immune cell response, ROS generation and production of a series of pro-inflammatory factors to promote inflammation; (2) Through the disturbance of intestinal microbiota composition structure, change the abundance of metabolites, and then affect amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism pathways. The joint analysis of multiple omics showed significant difference in microbiome abundance and metabolomics expression between high dose group and the control group.
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Aluminio , Metabolismo de los Lípidos , Ratones , Animales , Aluminio/toxicidad , Metabolómica , Inflamación/inducido químicamente , ProlinaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: Esophageal cancer is a high-mortality disease. Esophagectomy is the most effective method to treat esophageal cancer, accompanied with a high incidence of post-operation complications. The anastomosis has a close connection to many severe post-operation complications. However, it remains controversial about the choice of intrathoracic anastomosis (IA) or cervical anastomosis (CA). The study was conducted to compare the clinical outcomes between the two approaches. METHODS: We searched databases for both randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and cohort studies comparing post-operation outcomes between IA and CA. Primary outcomes were the incidences of anastomotic leakage and mortality. Secondary outcomes were the incidences of anastomotic stenosis, pneumonia and re-operation. RESULTS: Twenty studies with a total of 7,479 patients (CA group: n = 3,183; IA group: n = 4296) were included. The results indicated that CA group had a higher incidence of anastomotic leakage than IA group (odds ratio [OR] = 2.05, 95% confidence intervals [CI] = 1.61-2.60, I2 = 53.31%, P < 0.01). Subgroup analyses showed that CA group had higher incidences of type I (OR = 2.19, 95%CI = 1.05-4.57, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.04) and type II (OR = 2.75, 95%CI = 1.95-3.88, I2 = 1.80%, P < 0.01) anastomotic leakage than IA group. No difference was found in type III anastomotic leakage (OR = 1.23, 95%CI = 0.82-1.86, I2 = 20.92%, P = 0.31). The 90-day mortality (OR = 1.66, 95%CI = 1.11-2.47, I2 = 0.0%, P = 0.01) in IA group were lower than that in CA group. No difference was found in in-hospital mortality (OR = 1.31, 95%CI = 0.91-1.88, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.15) and 30-day mortality (OR = 1.08, 95%CI = 0.69-1.70, I2 = 0.00%, P = 0.74). CONCLUSIONS: IA might be a better anastomotic approach than CA, with a lower incidence of anastomosis leakage and no increase in short-term mortality. Significant heterogeneity and publication bias might limit the reliability of the results. More high-quality studies are needed to verify and update our findings.
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Neoplasias Esofágicas , Humanos , Neoplasias Esofágicas/cirugíaRESUMEN
Vitrimers with bond exchange reactions (BERs) are a class of covalent adaptable network (CAN) polymers at the forefront of recent polymer research. They exhibit malleable and self-healable behaviors and combine the advantages of easy processability of thermoplastics and excellent mechanical properties of thermosets. For thermally sensitive vitrimers, a molecular topology melting/frozen transition is triggered when the BERs are activated to rearrange the network architecture. Notable volume expansion and stress relaxation are accompanied, which can be used to identify the BER activation temperature and rate as well as to determine the malleability and interfacial welding kinetics of vitrimers. Existing works on vitrimers reveal the rate-dependent behaviors of the nonequilibrium network during the topology transition. However, it remains unclear what the quantitative relationship with heating rate is, and how it will affect the macroscopic stress relaxation. In this paper, we study the responses of an epoxy-based vitrimer subjected to a change in temperature and mechanical loading during the topology transition. Using thermal expansion tests, the thermal strain evolution is shown to depend on the temperature-changing rate, which reveals the nonequilibrium states with rate-dependent structural relaxation. The influences of structural relaxation on the stress relaxation behaviors are examined in both uniaxial tension and compression modes. Assisted by a theoretical model, the study reveals how to tune the material and thermal-temporal conditions to promote the contribution of BERs during the reprocessing of vitrimers.
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BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 pandemic has lasted for more than 1 year, causing far-reaching and unprecedented changes in almost all aspects of society. This study aimed to evaluate the long-term consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic on depression and anxiety, and explore the factors associated with it. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using an online survey was conducted to assess mental health problems from February 2 to February 9, 2021 by using patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and generalized anxiety disorder-7 (GAD-7). The insomnia severity index (ISI), demographic data and COVID-19 related variables were measured by a self-designed questionnaire. The factors associated with depressive and anxiety symptoms were identified by Pearson chi-square test and binary logistic regression analysis. RESULTS: In the study that 1171 participants enrolled, the overall prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms among general people was 22.6 and 21.4% respectively in the present study. Living alone was a potential risk factor for depressive symptoms, while regular exercises was a potential protective factor. The prevalence of depressive and anxiety symptoms was significantly associated with the severity of insomnia symptoms and the negative feelings about pandemic. CONCLUSION: COVID-19 pandemic- related chronic stress has brought about profound impacts on long-term mental health in the general population. The level of insomnia and a negative attitude towards the pandemic are significantly correlated with unfavorable mental health. However, we failed to found a significant association of age and gender with the mental health symptoms, although they were recognized as well-established risk factors during the outbreak by some other studies. This discrepancy may be because the acute and chronic effects of the pandemic are influenced by different factors, which reminds that more attention should be paid to the intrinsic psychological factors and physical reactions towards COVID-19.
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COVID-19 , Pandemias , Ansiedad/epidemiología , Trastornos de Ansiedad/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Depresión/epidemiología , Humanos , Prevalencia , SARS-CoV-2RESUMEN
Bacterial contamination has caused a major public health problem worldwide. Bacillus cereus is a conditional environmental pathogenic bacteria that can cause food poisoning. Whether environmental pathogens can cause widespread transmission in the insect kingdom is unclear. In this study, a Bacillus cereus ZJ-4 was isolated from the hospital environment of Zhenjiang City, Jiangsu Province, China. It was fatal by injection into the silkworm hemolymph. To investigated the potential toxic factors of ZJ-4 and clarified the toxicity response mechanism of silkworm by the ZJ-4 infection. Then, the whole genome of ZJ-4 was sequenced, and the immune mechanism of silkworm fat body to ZJ-4 pathogen was studied by HE pathological section and proteomics. Bacterial genome sequencing indicated that ZJ-4 had 352 drug resistance genes and 6 virulence genes. After 36 h of subcutaneous puncture with ZJ-4 suspension, the pathological changes were obviously found in HE pathological sections of fat body tissue. Comparative proteomic results indicated that differentially expressed proteins are mainly involved in stress reactions, biological regulation, and innate immunity. The qRT-PCR analysis showed that the expressions of ß-GRP, Spaetzle, MyD88, Tube and Dorsal genes in Toll pathway were up-regulated, while Pell and Cactus genes were down-regulated; in the antimicrobial peptide pathway, Glv2, Lzm, Mor, and Leb3 genes were up-regulated, while attacin1 and defensin genes were down-regulated; Sod gene was up-regulated, while Cat gene was down-regulated in the antioxidant pathway; Ldh, Sdh, and Mdh genes were down-regulated in glucose metabolism pathway. These results indicated that ZJ-4 can damage the innate immune pathway of silkworm, and also affect the normal immune function of fat body cells.
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Bombyx , Animales , Bacillus cereus/genética , Bombyx/genética , Genómica , Hemolinfa , ProteómicaRESUMEN
Purpose: The function of long noncoding RNAs (lncRNA) in breast cancer metastasis remains largely unknown. In this work, the role of HOXC-AS3 in breast cancer progression was investigated.Methods: By using Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) Database, we investigated the expression of HOXC-AS3 in breast cancer and explored the association between HOXC-AS3 expression and prognosis. Then, we studied the biological function of HOXC-AS3 in cell migration and invasion both in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the target miRNA of HOXC-AS3, and the target mRNA of miR-3922-5p were proved.Results: HOXC-AS3 is aberrantly overexpressed in breast cancers especially the HER2+ type. Moreover, high expression of HOXC-AS3 has a relationship with poor clinical outcomes of breast cancer. In addition, HOXC-AS3 regulates cell Invasion and migration both in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that miR-3922-5p was a direct target of HOXC-AS3, and PPP1R1A was a target of miR-3922-5p in breast cancer.Conclusions: The novel lncRNA HOXC-AS3 acts as a miR-3922-5p sponge to upregulate PPP1R1A protein expression, and thus results in promoting breast cancer metastasis. HOXC-AS3 could be a novel therapeutic target for breast cancer therapeutics.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Regulación Neoplásica de la Expresión Génica , MicroARNs/genética , Proteína Fosfatasa 1/genética , ARN Largo no Codificante/metabolismo , Animales , Mama/patología , Neoplasias de la Mama/mortalidad , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Conjuntos de Datos como Asunto , Femenino , Humanos , Ratones , MicroARNs/metabolismo , Pronóstico , Análisis de Supervivencia , Factores de Tiempo , Regulación hacia Arriba , Ensayos Antitumor por Modelo de XenoinjertoRESUMEN
Soft biomaterials have a wide range of applications in many areas. However, one material can only cover a specific range of mechanical performance such as the elastic modulus and stretchability. In order to improve the mechanical performance of soft biomaterials, lattice structures are embedded to reinforce the biomaterials. In this paper, rectangular and triangular lattice structures formed by modified horseshoe microstructures are used because their mechanical properties are tunable and can be tailored precisely to match the desired properties by adjusting four geometrical parameters, the length L, radius R, width w and arc angle θ0. A theoretical design framework for the modified horseshoe lattice structures is developed to predict the dependence of the mechanical behaviors on geometrical parameters. Both experiments and finite element simulations on lattice structures are conducted to validate the theoretical models. Results show that a wide range of design space for the elastic modulus (a few kPa to hundreds of MPa), stretchability (strain up to 180%) and Poisson ratio (ranging from -0.5 to 1.2) can be achieved. Experiments on lattice-hydrogel composites are also conducted to verify the reinforcement effect of lattice structures on the hydrogel. This work provides a theoretical method to predict the mechanical behaviors of the lattice structures and aid the rational design of reinforced biomaterials, which has applications in tissue engineering, drug delivery and intraocular lenses.
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Módulo de Elasticidad , Hidrogeles/química , Nanocompuestos/química , Estrés Mecánico , Modelos Teóricos , Fosfinas/química , Polietilenglicoles/químicaRESUMEN
Vitrimers have the characteristics of shape-reforming and surface-welding, and have the same excellent mechanical properties as thermosets; so vitrimers hold the promise of a broad alternative to traditional plastics. Since their initial introduction in 2011, vitrimers have been applied to many unique applications such as reworkable composites and liquid crystal elastomer actuators. A series of experiments have investigated the effects of reprocessing conditions (such as temperature, time, and pressure) on recycled materials. However, the effect of particle size on the mechanical properties of recycled materials has not been reported. In this paper, we conducted an experimental study on the recovery of epoxy-acid vitrimers of different particle sizes. Epoxy-acid vitrimer powders with different particle size distributions were prepared and characterized. The effects of particle size on the mechanical properties of regenerated epoxy-acid vitrimers were investigated by dynamic mechanical analysis and uniaxial tensile tests. In addition, other processing parameters such as temperature, time, and pressure are discussed, as well as their interaction with particle size. This study helped to refine the vitrimer reprocessing condition parameter toolbox, providing experimental support for the easy and reliable control of the kinetics of the bond exchange reaction.
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In this work, the studies of thermodynamic mean activity coefficients of KCl in the KCl-SrCl2-H2O ternary system have been made. A cell without liquid junction battery cell, K-ISE|KCl(mA), SrCl2(mB)|Cl-ISE, was used to study the activity coefficients in this mixed system KCl-SrCl2-H2O at 288.15 K by the electromotive force method. The total ionic strengths ranges are 0.0100-1.0000 mol·kg-1 with different ionic strength fractions yb of SrCl2, that is, yb = (0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, and 0.8). The results show that the K-ISE and Cl-ISE have a good Nernst response. Accordingly, the electromotive forces of the mixed system were measured by using the ion selective electrode listed above, and the mean activity coefficients are also determined with Nernst equation. Using the activity coefficient data, the mixed ion interaction parameters θK,Sr and ψK,Sr,Cl of Pitzer equations at 288.15 K were fitted by Matlab with linear regression method, respectively. Furthermore, those parameters were applied to calculate the values of the mean activity coefficients of SrCl2. Finally, the osmotic coefficients, water activity, and the excess Gibbs free energy of this system were evaluated by Pitzer's equations.