Structure-function relationship in early diabetic retinopathy: a spatial correlation analysis with OCT and microperimetry.

PurposeTo study the correlation of the local ganglion cell layer-inner plexiform layer (GCL-IPL) thickness with corresponding retinal sensitivity as studied with microperimetry in patients with Type 2 diabetes and no signs of diabetic retinopathy.Patients and methodsWe analyzed 35 healthy subjects (68 eyes) and 26 Type 2 diabetic patients (48 eyes) with no signs of diabetic retinopathy. We tested best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), monocular and binocular constrast sensitivity (CS, Pelli - Robson chart) and retinal sensitivity with microperimetry, and acquired dense macular SD-OCT scans. We then studied the correlation between local GCL-IPL thickness and local sensitivity.ResultsMean BCVA was 1.09 (±1.03) decimals in diabetic subjects and 1.02 (±0.15) decimals in healthy subjects. Only binocular CS was significantly higher in healthy subjects (1.18±0.42 for healthy subjects, 1.62±0.63 for diabetic subjects). In both local and global analysis we observed higher GCL-IPL thickness and higher sensitivity in normal compared with diabetic subjects, but no difference reached significance (p<0.05). Using a mixed multivariate linear model, we found a significant correlation between retinal sensitivity and the correspondent GCL-IPL thickness in diabetic subjects (0.022±0.006 dB/µm, p=0.0007) but not in healthy subjects (-0.002±0.006 dB/µm, p=0.77).Conclusiondespite close similarities between the two groups, we found a significant difference in the structure-function relationship in diabetic subjects without diabetic retinopathy, suggesting that diabetes might act as an additional effect in the normal deterioration of the visual function related to the inner retina.

The role of zinc in total parenteral nutrition.

Zinc deficiency was observed in an infant receiving total parenteral nutrition (TPN) for chronic untractable diarrhoea. Clinical findings included low zinc plasma levels, skin lesions and loss of all the advantages of TPN such as weight gain, serum proteins and albumin increase and normalization of intestinal mucosa. Oral administration of zinc sulphate was the decisive factor making possible both the improvement of clinical and laboratory findings and alimentation by natural route.

Treatment of urinary tract infections in children with a single daily dose of gentamicin.

21 children with recurrent urinary tract infections (UTI) due to bacteria resistant to the usual antiinfectious drugs were examined to evaluate whether their UTI could be effectively treated with a single daily administration of gentamicin (2.5 mg/kg i.m.) for ten days. From the data obtained it may be concluded that such a scheme of therapy is effective in all cases as far as urine sterilization is concerned during therapy, regardless of the site of infection. However, urine culture controls, 10 and 30 days after therapy was discontinued, showed a further infection in 3 out of 7 children with upper UTI, Since in urine of all our patients the antibiotic level was well above the minimal inhibitory concentration for the infective bacteria, the different therapeutic response could be related to an inadequate antibiotic concentration at the renal interstitial site.

High-dose methotrexate administration and acute liver damage in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. A prospective study.

BACKGROUND: Methotrexate-induced hepatotoxicity following chronic low-dose administration has been extensively reported. Current protocols now include high-dose methotrexate (HDMTX), but there are few studies providing data on its acute hepatotoxicity in childhood leukemia. METHODS: To evaluate the prevalence of HDMTX-induced acute hepatotoxicity, sixty-eight consecutive children with ALL were prospectively studied from diagnosis to the end of HDMTX courses with biochemical and clinical evaluation performed at regular intervals. RESULTS: Prevalence of HDMTX-induced acute hepatotoxicity was 1.47% (1/68 patients). ALT values did not change in 22% (15/68) and decreased in 76.4% (52/68) after HDMTX infusion. Mean ALT levels calculated in all the patients decreased significantly during HDMTX administration when compared to the values reached during induction (p less than 0.0001). Direct hyperbilirubinemia was present only in the child with HDMTX-related hepatotoxicity. CONCLUSIONS: The use of HDMTX in the treatment of childhood ALL is not associated with major evidence of direct acute hepatotoxic effects, while it may modify the pattern of preexisting liver diseases.