Bacterial Lipopolysaccharide as a Negative Predictor of Adjuvant Gemcitabine Efficacy in Pancreatic Cancer.

Adjuvant gemcitabine (aGC) is one standard of care after pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) resection. No biomarker for its efficacy is established. As bacteria mediate gemcitabine resistance, we analyzed whether lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as surrogate for bacterial colonization is prognostic in PDAC patients treated with aGC or without aGC adjuvant gemcitabine. We detected LPS in 86 tumors from 376 patients, which defined a specific microbiome as revealed by 16 s-rRNA-sequencing. In the 230 aGC patients, LPS conferred worse disease-free survival (8.3 vs 13.7 months; hazard ratio = 1.75, 95% confidence interval = 1.22 to 2.49; log-rank P = .002) and overall survival (21.7 vs 28.5 months; hazard ratio = 1.80, 95% confidence interval = 1.23 to 2.57; log-rank P = .001) but not in the 146 naGC patients, which was confirmed in an independent validation cohort (n = 178). LPS may serve as a negative predictor for aGC efficacy in PDAC, which suggests a role for microbiome modification to overcome bacteria-mediated chemotherapy resistance.

Comparative study of the physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of eight flours obtained from different plant materials found in Colombia.

The physicochemical, compositional and functional properties of flour from green plantains (Musa acuminata) of the large green plantain variety, oyster mushrooms (Pleorotus ostreatus), pineapple peel (Ananas comosus) of the 'apple pineapple' variety, yellow peas (Pisum sativum), chickpeas (Cicer arietinum), whole grain rice (Oryza sativa), whole grain corn (Zea mays) and whole grain white quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) were evaluated by using one-way analysis of variance, Pearson correlations and principal component analysis chemical composition of the eight flours, statistically differed (p < 0.05). Oyster mushroom and yellow pea flours had the greatest protein content (28.92 and 21.02%, respectively), whereas the pineapple peel, peas and corn stood out for their high contents of Fe and Zn. All flours exhibited emulsifying and foaming activities, while hydration and interfacial properties showed statistically significant negative correlations. There was a clear relationship between levels of protein and carbohydrates and gelation and syneresis phenomena in thermally treated flour suspensions. According to principal component analysis of functional, physicochemical and compositional properties, flours were classified into five groups of raw materials: (1) yellow peas, (2) chickpeas, rice, corn and quinoa, (3) green plantain, (4) pineapple peel and (5) oyster mushrooms. Results are promising to formulate mixes and composite flours for fortification and/or enrichment of food products by using different technological processes.

La Asimetría Cerebral, Retos para la Relación Neuropsicología y Educación / Brain Asymmetry, Relationship Challenges Neuropsychology and Education / Assimetria cerebral, desafios de relacionamento, neuropsicologia e educação

Resumen Introducción: El desarrollo de la neurociencia en relación a la educación ha sido desafiante y sus avances. Objetivo: Analizar hermenéutica y sistemática la línea de desarrollo teórico en artículos cualitativos y cuantitativos publicados entre los años 1999 y 2020 de las relaciones entre la asimetría cerebral dentro de las disciplinas: la neuropsicología y la educación. Materiales y métodos: Análisis hermenéutico desarrollado bajo el esquema de la interpretación de los textos primarios y secundarios, evaluados desde la rigurosidad de la hermenéutica en sus cuatro formas de evaluación: "fijación del discurso"; "disociación mental e intención del autor"; "muestra de las referencias no ostensivas" y "universalidad del documento: ¿A quién está dirigido?". Resultado: La investigación sobre las asimetrías cerebrales (funcionales y anatómicas), especialmente en cuanto al uso de la mano contraria (izquierda o derecha) a la de su lateralidad y su diseminación ha sido limitada e históricamente polarizada haciendo más énfasis en asimetrías cerebrales entendidas desde la influencia fisiológica neurológica y en muestra de resultados desde la actividad cerebral en neuroimágenes. Conclusión: La neuropsicología y la educación en su trabajo sobre las asimetrías cerebrales han estado relacionados a los conceptos médicos: anatomía y fisiología. La "nueva visión" y el surgimiento de especialidades como la neuropsicología, creando la necesidad de dar respuesta a los procesos de aprendizaje y las conexiones existentes entre una y otra.

Abstract Introduction: The development of neuroscience in relation to education has been challenging throughout its development. Objective: To analyze hermeneutically and systematically the line of theoretical development in qualitative and quantitative articles published between 1999 and 2020 of the relationships between brain asymmetry within the disciplines: neuropsychology and education. Materials and methods: Hermeneutical analysis developed under the scheme of the interpretation of primary and secondary texts, evaluated from the scientific rigurosity of hermeneutics in its four forms of evaluation: "discourse fixation"; "Mental dissociation and intention of the author"; "Sample of nonostentatious references'' and "universality of the document: Who is it addressed to?". Result: Research on brain asymmetries (functional and anatomical), especially regarding the use of the opposite hand (left or right) to its laterality and its dissemination has been limited and historically polarized, placing more emphasis on brain asymmetries understood from the neurological physiological influence and the sample of results from brain activity in neuro-images. Conclusion: Neuropsychology and education in their work on brain asymmetries have been related to medical concepts: anatomy and physiology. The "new vision" and the unfolding of specialties such as neuropsychology, creating the need to respond to the learning process and the existing connections between one and the other.

Resumo Introdução: O desenvolvimento da neurociência em relação à educação tem sido desafiador e seus avanços. O objetivo é analisar hermenêutica e sistematicamente a linha de desenvolvimento teórico em artigos qualitativos e quantitativos publicados entre 1999 e 2020 das relações entre assimetria cerebral nas disciplinas: neuropsicologia e educação. Materiais e Métodos: Análise hermenêutica desenvolvida sob o esquema da interpretação de textos primários e secundários, avaliada a partir do rigor da hermenêutica em suas quatro formas de avaliação: "fixação do discurso"; "Dissociação mental e intenção do autor"; "Amostra de referências não ostensivas" e "universalidade do documento: a quem se dirige?". Resultado: as pesquisas sobre assimetrias cerebrais (funcionais e anatômicas), principalmente quanto ao uso da mão oposta (esquerda ou direita) à sua lateralidade e sua disseminação tem sido limitada e historicamente polarizada, dando mais ênfase às assimetrias cerebrais entendidas a partir da influência fisiológica neurológica e a amostra de resultados da atividade cerebral em neuroimagens. Conclusão: a neuropsicologia e a educação em seu trabalho sobre as assimetrias cerebrais têm sido relacionadas aos conceitos médicos: anatomia e fisiologia. A "nova visão" e o surgimento de especialidades como a neuropsicologia, criando a necessidade de responder ao processo de aprendizagem e às ligações existentes entre um e outro.

Factores asociados a la depresión en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en Boyacá, Colombia

Introducción: la enfermedad renal crónica avanzada se define como la presencia de daño renal y se caracteriza por alteraciones estructurales y funcionales que disminuyen la tasa de filtración glomerular. Esta enfermedad constituye un punto de cambio en la vida de las personas que la padecen, pues los obliga a diseñar estrategias mediante las cuales puedan reestructurar sus sueños, aspiraciones y proyectos de vida debido a que esta es una condición que cambia los estilos de vida y ocasiona otras entidades que afectan los niveles físico, psicológico y social. Objetivo: determinar los factores asociados a la depresión en personas con enfermedad renal crónica avanzada en población del departamento de Boyacá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal en 201 pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en fases avanzadas y que estuvieran en manejo con terapia dialítica. Para la obtención de los datos se aplicó el cuestionario de depresión de Beck, además se incluyeron variables demográficas, sociales y clínicas. Resultados: la edad promedio de los participantes fue 58,5 años, el 76,11 % eran varones y la prevalencia de depresión fue de 40,29 %. Las personas con pareja estable y que cuentan con apoyo familiar y buena atención por parte del personal de salud tienen menos probabilidad de presentar depresión, mientras que los mayores de 50 años de edad, quienes llevan más dos años en terapia dialítica y aquellos que presentan otras enfermedades como diabetes mellitus y enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica tienen probabilidades más altas de desarrollar depresión. Conclusiones: se considera prudente crear grupos de apoyo en las unidades de diálisis, donde se incluya a los pacientes y sus familiares, con el fin de detectar tempranamente problemas de salud mental y darles un manejo temprano, buscando de esta forma una adecuada adherencia al tratamiento de las patologías de base.

Introduction: Renal insufficiency is defined as the presence of renal damage and is characterized by structural and functional alterations with decreased glomerular filtration rate. This disease constitutes a turning point in the lives of people who suffer from it, since it requires elaborate forms or methods by which they can structure their dreams, aspirations and life projects additionally changing lifestyles, and generates other entities that affect the physical, psychological and social level. With this project they were determined the factors associated with depression in people with advanced chronic kidney disease in population of the department of Boyacá. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients with chronic kidney disease in advanced stages who were managed with dialysis therapy. Demographic, social and clinical variables were included. Where the Beck depression questionnaire was applied. Results: A total of 201 people participated. The average age was 58.5 years and 76.11 % were male. The prevalence of depression was 40.29 %. People with a stable partner, who have family support and good care from health personnel are less likely to have depression, while people over 50 years of age, with more than two years in dialysis therapy and the presence of Diseases such as diabetes mellitus and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease are more likely to develop depression. Conclusions: It is considered prudent to create support groups in dialysis units, where patients and their families are included, this in order to detect mental health problems early and give early management, thus seeking an adequate to the adherence of the underlying pathologies.

Prevalencia y factores asociados a la ansiedad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en dos unidades de diálisis de Boyacá, Colombia / Prevalence and factors associated with anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease in two dialysis units in Boyacá

Resumen Introducción: la enfermedad renal puede generar un cambio en la vida de las personas que la padecen, pues los obliga a cambiar sus estilos y proyectos de vida, facilitando las afecciones a nivel físico, psicológico y social. Objetivo: determinar la prevalencia y los factores asociados a la ansiedad en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica atendidos en dos unidades de diálisis de Boyacá, Colombia. Materiales y métodos: se realizó un estudio transversal analítico en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica en fases avanzadas que estuvieran en manejo con terapia dialítica. Se incluyeron 224 participantes mayores de 18 años de edad que fueron seleccionados mediante un muestreo aleatorio simple y que firmaron un consentimiento informado de participación voluntaria. Resultados: la prevalencia de ansiedad fue de 41,33 %, además se encontró que tener pareja y apoyo familiar (0,42 %), estar empleado (0,56 %) y recibir una buena atención por parte del personal de salud (0,69 %) son factores protectores para la ansiedad. Por su parte, tener más de 2 años en diálisis (2,73 %) o hemodiálisis (2,92 %), tener enfermedad pulmonar obstructiva crónica (3,19 %), padecer de diabetes mellitus (3,23 %), tener antecedente familiar de enfermedad renal crónica (3,58 %), ser mujer (4,46 %) y ser mayor de 50 años (4,73 %) son factores que aumentan la probabilidad de presentar ansiedad. Conclusiones: los factores asociados a la ansiedad encontrados en la población estudiada son congruentes con los de la mayoría de estudios al respecto. Dada la importante prevalencia de este trastorno en pacientes con enfermedad renal crónica, es importante implementar estrategias psicoterapéuticas haciendo énfasis en la población con mayor riesgo de desarrollarla.

Abstract Introduction: Kidney pathology can generate a change in people's lives, since it forces us to change life styles and projects, facilitating physical, psychological and social conditions. Objective: To determine the factors associated with anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease treated in two dialysis units of the department of Boyacá. Materials and methods: An analytical cross-sectional study was conducted, which included patients with chronic kidney disease in advanced stages who were managed with dialysis therapy. We included 224 patients over 18 years of age who accepted the informed consent for voluntary participation, selected by simple random sampling. Results: The prevalence of anxiety was 41.33 %, where it was found that having a partner, family support (0.42), being employed (0.56) and good care by health personnel (0.69) are protective factors for anxiety, while having more than 2 years on dialysis (2.73), hemodialysis (2.92), having chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (3.19), suffering from diabetes mellitus (3.23), Family history of chronic kidney disease (3.58), being a woman (4.46) and being older than 50 years (4.73) are factors that increase the likelihood of anxiety. Conclusions: the factors associated with anxiety in our study in patients with chronic kidney disease are congruent with the majority of studies carried out in this regard. Given the significant prevalence of anxiety in patients with chronic kidney disease, it is important to implement psychotherapeutic strategies in these patients with emphasis on the population with a higher risk of developing it.