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BACKGROUND: Prebiopsy prostate-specific antigen density (PSAD) is a well-known predictor of clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa). Since prostate-specific antigen (PSA) and prostate volume (PV) increase normally with aging, PSAD thresholds may vary. The purpose of the study was to determine if PSAD was predictive of csPCa in different age strata. METHODS: We retrospectively reviewed our institutional database for patients who underwent multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) between January 2016 and December 2021. We included patients who had post-MRI prostate biopsies. Based on age, we divided our cohort into four subgroups (groups 1-4): <55, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 years old. PSAD accuracy was estimated by the area under the curve (AUC) as a predictive model for differentiating csPCa between the groups. CsPCa was defined as a Gleason Grade Group 2 or higher. Three different PSAD thresholds (0.1, 0.15, and 0.2) were tested across the groups for sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV). Chi-square and analysis of variance tests were used for bivariate analysis. All analys were completed using R 4.3 (R Core Team, 2023). RESULTS: Among 1913 patients, 883 (46.1%) had prostate biopsies. In groups 1, 2, 3, and 4, there were 62 (7%), 321 (36.4%), 404 (45.8%), and 96 (10.9%) patients, respectively. Median PSA was 5.6 (interquartile range 3.4-8.1), 6.2 (4.8-9), 6.8 (5.1-9.7), and 9 (5.6-13), respectively (p < 0.01). Median PV was 42.3 (30-62), 51 (36-77), 55.5 (38-85.9), and 59.3 (42-110) mL, respectively (p < 0.01). No difference was observed in median PSAD between age groups 1-4 (0.1 [0.07-0.16], 0.11 [0.08-0.18], 0.1 [0.07-0.19], and 0.1 [0.07-0.2]), respectively (p = 0.393). CsPCa was diagnosed in 241 (27.3%) patients, of which 10 (16.1%), 65 (20.2%), 121 (30%), and 45 (46.7%) were in groups 1-4, respectively (p < 0.001). For groups 1-4, the PSAD AUC for predicting csPCa was 0.75, 0.68, 0.71, and 0.74. While testing PSAD threshold of 0.15 across the different age groups (1-4), the PPV vs. NPV was 39.1 vs. 93.2, 33.6 vs. 87, 50.9 vs. 80.8, and 66.1 vs. 64.7, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: PSAD prediction model was found to be similar among different age groups. In young patients, PSAD had a high NPV but low PPV. With increasing age, the opposite trend was observed, likely due to higher disease prevalence. While PSAD thresholds may be less useful in older patients to rule out higher-grade prostate cancer, the clinical consequences of these diagnoses require a case-by-case evaluation.
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INTRODUCTION: This study aims to assess the feasibility and safety of same-day discharge after transurethral resection of the prostate. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Five years of records were retrospectively analysed. Length of stay categorised patients into Groups 1 (same-day discharge) and 2 (standard-length discharge). Logistic regression analysis was performed, controlling for clinicodemographic factors. Student's t-test compared continuous bladder irrigation and catheter dwell times. RESULTS: A total of 459 patients were identified between 2016 and 2021, 280 in Group 1 and 179 in Group 2, with median ages of 71.0 (interquartile range 36-92) and 72.0 (interquartile range 47-101) years (p = 0.067), respectively. Same-day discharge rates notably increased post-2018 (p = 0.025). Median prostate tissue resected in Group 2 was 7.1g (3.4-12.4g) and in Group 1 was 4.9g (2.4-10.2g; p = 0.034). While continuous bladder irrigation >1 hour was significantly lower in Group 1 than Group 2 (96.8% versus 27.4%; p = 0.0001), catheter dwell times were comparable (70.1 and 70.8 hours, respectively). Control-adjusted results showed a 40% reduction in emergency department representation odds for Group 1 compared with Group 2 (odds ratio = 0.60; 95% confidence interval = 0.37-0.99; p = 0.04). Length of stay was not significantly associated with hospital readmissions (p = 0.11). Continuous bladder irrigation for <1 hour in Group 1 was associated with a reduced emergency department representation (odds ratio = 0.43; 95% confidence interval = 0.197-0.980) but not readmission (odds ratio = 0.413; 95% confidence interval = 0.166-1.104). CONCLUSIONS: Same-day discharge post-transurethral resection of the prostate may be a viable and safe option for carefully selected patients.