Can Anterior Osteophyte Fractures Be Distinguished From Fracture Mimics in the Subaxial Cervical Spine? A Retrospective Analysis Evaluating Reported Fractures With Clinical Management Correlation.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to retrospectively distinguish true- from false-positive fractures of anterior subaxial cervical osteophytes, which were reported on noncontrast computed tomography reports, and to correlate the imaging findings with patient symptoms and analyze the downstream impact on management of both true and false positive fractures. METHODS: A total of 127 patients had computed tomography reports of anterior osteophyte fractures. Radiology reports and imaging studies were evaluated to distinguish true fractures from fracture mimics. We analyzed imaging features including rigid spine (RS), prevertebral soft tissue swelling (PVSTS), and instability. We categorized symptoms and examination findings into 3 groups (0, asymptomatic; 1, neck pain; 2, neurological symptoms). Management was categorized into 3 groups (0, no treatment; 1, external bracing; 2, surgery). Associations between imaging features, fracture classification, clinical symptoms, magnetic resonance imaging utilization, and management were calculated using χ2 with Cramer V test to determine effect size. RESULTS: Eighty patients had false-positive fractures, and 47 were true positive. There were significant associations between magnetic resonance imaging utilization and fracture classification (P ≤ 0.001), PVSTS (P ≤ 0.005), patient symptoms (P ≤ 0.001), and patient management (P ≤ 0.001). There were significant associations between patient management and fracture classification (P ≤ 0.001), patient symptoms (P ≤ 0.001), PVSTS (P ≤ 0.001), imaging findings of instability (P ≤ 0.001), and RS (P ≤ 0.021). There were significant associations between fracture classification and patient symptoms (P ≤ 0.045), and RS (P ≤ 0.006). CONCLUSIONS: Subaxial isolated anterior osteophyte fractures fell into 3 major categories. By our methodology, if a suspected fracture was determined to be a fracture mimic in an asymptomatic patient, it was unlikely to be clinically significant. Isolated anterior osteophyte fractures without neurological symptoms or more concerning imaging findings can be treated conservatively. Finally, fractures that demonstrate indirect signs of instability or are associated with RS are more associated with surgical management.

Introducing and Building a Dual-Energy CT Business.

In recent years, there has been increased utilization of Dual-energy CT (DECT) in diagnostic imaging, mainly due to a reduction of effective radiation dose and lower intravenous contrast dose requirement in DECT imaging compared to conventional CT. A comprehensive imaging protocol and teamwork involving technologists and radiologists are needed to successfully implement DECT in clinical practice. At the same time, insight into the direct and indirect expenditures incurred is critical for rendering a cost-effective service to the patient and institution. This paper focuses on introducing the foundations of DECT to the readers and discusses the impediments encountered during the implementation of DECT in clinical practice. Potential solutions to these challenges are also proposed.