The role of metacognition, negative automatic thoughts and emotions in migraine-related disability among adult migraine patients.

This cross-sectional study investigates the relationship between problematic metacognitions, negative cognitive content and emotional distress, and migraine-related disability among adult migraine patients. The migraine group consisted of 74 patients. Forty-seven healthy volunteers with similar sociodemographic characteristics were selected as the comparison group. Sociodemographic form, Migraine Disability Assessment Scale, Depression Anxiety Stress Scale, Automatic Thought Questionnaire, and Metacognition Questionnaire-30 were administered. Our results showed that higher depression, anxiety, stress levels, and negative automatic thoughts are significantly associated with more significant migraine disability. Our data also showed that high levels of depression and increased headache frequency predict migraine-related severe disability. We found that the frequency of headaches over three months and positive beliefs about worry significantly predicted the presence of chronicity in migraine. Our findings may help determine different approaches such as cognitive behavioral therapy and relaxation techniques in treating migraine.

The quality of life and psychiatric morbidity in patients operated for Arnold-Chiari malformation type I.

BACKGROUND: There are some case reports that highlight the association of Arnold-Chiari malformation (ACM) with psychiatric symptoms. We assessed the association between ACM and psychiatric symptoms and risk factors in terms of psychiatric morbidity and evaluated the quality of life after surgery. METHODS: This study consisted of sixteen patients who underwent decompression operation at the Department of Neurosurgery of Sisli Etfal Hospital. The MINI plus, Short-Form McGill Pain Questionnaire and WHOQOL-BREF-TR were administered to patients. RESULTS: About 43.8% of the patients had a psychiatric disorder. About 50% of the patients had co-existing syringomyelia of which 50% with syringomyelia had a psychiatric disorder. Patients with syringomyelia without any psychiatric disorder had significantly lower scores on physical domain of WHOQOL-BREF-TR (p = 0.02) than the patients without syringomyelia and psychiatric disorder. Subjects with a psychiatric disorder had lower scores on four domains of WHOQOL-BREF-TR. The patients with psychiatric diagnoses had significantly higher scores on affective pain index (p = 0.021) and total pain index (p = 0.037) than the patients without any psychiatric disorder. CONCLUSION: The presence of a psychiatric condition influences not only the physical aspect but also deteriorates the psychological and social relations and environmental aspect. Moreover the presence of a psychiatric disorder increases the perception of pain and causes more discomfort.

Effects of Parental Attitudes Among a Group of High School Students in Istanbul.

INTRODUCTION: Current study aimed to investigate the possible relations between parental attitudes and depression in a sample of mid-pubertal, high-school students under the light of several sociodemographic variables. METHODS: With the permission of Ministry of National Education, a total of 391 students from second and third grades in a state high school and occupational high school in Sisli area included in the study. Sociodemographic Questionnaire, The Parental Bonding Instrument (PBI), and Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were administered. RESULTS: Among the students in the sample, 25.6% (n=100) had significantly higher depression scores and girls had significanltly higher mean BDI scores than boys (p=0.001) reflecting the presence of depression. Adolescents with depression also had higher scores of maternal protection than adolescents without depression (p=0.02). On the other hand, adolescents with depression had lower scores of both maternal and paternal interest than adolescents without depression (p=0.02 and p=0.03, respectively). We also found that boys had higher levels of nicotine - alcohol and substance abuse where girls had higher levels for suicidal attempts and self harming behaviors (p<0.05). CONCLUSION: Depression onset was found to be associated with parental attitude which does not promote autonomy and independency. Warm, accepting and concerned parental attitude that promotes secure attachment was found to be protective against depression. Parental attitudes must be of concern when working with adolescents and dealing with the problems seen in this vulnerable phase of the life.