Prospects for the use of blood elemental status to assess the molecular genetic profile of gliomas.

It has been established that blood element homeostasis is related to gliomagenesis which increases the attractiveness of the analysis of its components as a promising preoperative mediated characteristics of the molecular genetic profile of gliomas. The aim of this work is to analyze the relationship between mineral metabolism parameters and immunohistochemical characteristics of glial tumors and evaluate the clinical significance of blood element homeostasis analysis for preoperative assessment of the molecular profile of gliomas. The levels of cancer specific markers MGMT, Ki-67, p-53, IDH1 were determined immunohistochemically using the corresponding antibody clones. Micronutrient levels were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry recalculating the results per 1 g of protein which was determined by the Lowry method. The data on cancer-specific marker levels obtained in primary brain tumors (20) and in blood plasma of gliomas patients (20) and practically healthy subjects (5) were compared using a number of statistical programs. We found significant differences in the levels of sodium, potassium, zinc and copper depending on the value of the mitotic index Ki-67 and IDH1 isocitrate dehydrogenase gene mutation. For the first time, a significant correlation showing the consistency between the level of glial tumor cancer-specific markers and blood mineral metabolism was observed. The revealed correlations provide new insights into understanding of gliomagenesis mechanisms and can be used as a predictive preoperative assessment of molecular genetic markers of gliomas.

[Microbiological analysis as effective tool for optimization of empirical antibiotic therapy in the urological clinic].

AIM: to study the features of microbiota in patients of urological departments and to optimize the schemes of antibiotic therapy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Data of microbiological studies in patients of urological departments in 2017 years were analyzed. Isolation of pathogens was carried out using standard techniques. A disk diffusion test using Mueller-Hinton agar with BioRad disks was used to determine the sensitivity. The statistical analysis was performed using the WHONET 5.4 program. In addition, a comparison with the results of the PCR study was done. RESULTS: A total of 672 etiological pathogens were isolated in whole clinic in 2017 year. From those, 173 pathogens were found in the urological clinic, which accounted for 25.7% of the total number. Gram-negative bacteria predominated and its proportion was 59.23%. Gram-positive bacteria were isolated in 24.4%, and fungi were found in 16.37% of cases. The structure of pathogens isolated from stoma or obtained by catheterization was not significantly different. Most frequently isolated pathogens included @K. pneumonia (22.8%), @E. coli (21.2%), @C. albicans (17%), @P. aeruginosa (11%), @E. aerogenes (6%) and @S. aureus (3 %). @K. pneumonia usually had an unfavorable resistance pattern. E. coli isolated from urine samples had more favorable resistance pattern in comparison to pathogens obtained from stoma. The bacteria which were found in intensive care unit had the increased level of resistance. CONCLUSION: Gram-negative bacteria predominate in the urological clinic with a relatively high proportion of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing organisms. Risk factors for the emergence of multi-resistant pathogens are the treatment in the intensive care unit and the presence of stomas or catheters. The PCR method, carried out in parallel with routine microbiological studies and regular analysis of the overall bacterial spectrum, allows to optimize the starting antibiotic therapy from the first day of the disease. The use of cephalosporins is not justified in the most cases. Aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones remain effective. The use of either -Lactamase-protected penicillins or fosfomycin is possible only after obtaining the results of bacteriological study. When prescribing carbapenems, the risk of inefficiency is especially high in patients with stomas/catheters and transferred from the intensive care unit.

Tumor M2-Pyruvate Kinase, Matrix Carbonic Anhydrase IX, and Metalloproteinase 9 - Novel Prognostic Markers of Renal Cell Carcinoma.

The aim of the study was to assess the possibility of using plasma levels of tumor M2-pyruvate kinase (Tu M2-PK), matrix carbonic anhydrase IX (CA9), and matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP9) in patients with renal cell cancer as predictors of the disease course and the response to treatment. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Samples of blood plasma or serum of 46 patients with clear cell renal cancer T1-4N0-1M0-1 obtained before surgery and 8-9 days after surgery were tested. The control group consisted of 20 practically healthy individuals, comparable in age with the examined patients. Quantitative determination of Tu M2-PK in EDTA-added blood plasma was performed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using a ScheBo Tumor M2-PK test (Germany). Determination of CA9 by ELISA was performed using a Human Carbonic Anhydrase IX Quantikine ELISA Kit (USA) and MMP9 - using a Quantikine ELISA Kit (USA). RESULTS: In patients with renal cell carcinoma, a statistically significant increase in the level of Tu M2-PK, CA9 and a statistically significant decrease in MMP9 in comparison with the control group were found. The level of Tu M2-PK in patients with localized kidney cancer was significantly lower than in patients with disseminated cancer. An increase in size of the primary tumor and a decrease in the degree of its differentiation correlated with an increase in Tu M2-PK, and decrease in CA9 and MMP9 in the blood serum. Performing surgery equivalent to nephrectomy did not change the Tu M2-PK levels in the early postoperative period, but caused a decrease in the levels of CA9 and MMP9. CONCLUSION: The results indicate a potential significance of Tu M2-PK, CA9, and MMP9 as biological markers for predicting the disease course in patients with renal cell carcinoma.

[Interactions of various amino acids, dipeptides and glutathione with hypochlorite anion (CLO-)]. / Vzaimodeistvie razlichnykh aminokislot, dipeptidov i glutationa s gipokhlorit-anionom (CLO-).

The specific features of interaction between sodium hypochlorite and various amino compounds were examined. It is shown that in the first reaction munite, methionine and glutathione are the most active in neutralizing hypochlorite anion, while histidine, glycine, alanine, dipeptides and taurine are less active. The chloroamino complexes formed by dipeptides and taurine are the most resistant.

[Significance of biochemical parameters of saliva in the diagnosis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease at exacerbation]. / Znacheniebiochimicheskikh pokazatelei sliuny v diagnostike obostrenii khronicheskoi obstruktivnoi bolezni legkikh.

The levels of calcium, magnesium and iron were examined on an automated biochemical analyzer in saliva and blood serum of 102 patients with chronic obstructive disease of lungs (CODL) and of 20 healthy subjects. Reliably reduced levels of magnesium and iron in saliva as well as low permeability of the hematosalivary barrier (HSB) for magnesium and its high permeability for iron were detected in group 2 and 3 of patients. The dynamic level of iron in saliva reached the normal value, whereas, a stable salivary deficiency was typical of magnesium. The above tests of levels of magnesium and iron in saliva and the determination of the distribution factor for the above cations can be used in evaluating a severity of bronchial obstruction and therapy efficiency in patients with CODL.

[The interaction of taurine and beta-alanyl-L-histidine (carnosine) with hypochlorite anion (ClO-)]. / Vzaimodeistvie taurina i beta-alanil-L-gistidina (karnozina) s gipokhlorit-anionom (ClO-).

Dipeptide carnosine and amino acid taurine have been found to actively interact with hypochlorite anion. Chloramine complexes obtained during this reaction were more stable in case of taurine. It is suggested that therapeutic effect of new Russian eye drops taufon and sevitin is due to neutralization of the reaction product hypochlorite anion catalyzed by myeloperoxidase.