Expression of glucocorticoid receptor isoforms and associations with serine/arginine-rich protein 30c and 40 in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the expression of glucocorticoid receptor (GR) isoforms in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), confirm the main GR isoforms involving in glucocorticoids (GC) resistance, and explore the associations of GR isoforms with serine/arginine-rich protein (SRp) 30c and SRp40. METHODS: Seventy patients with SLE and thirty-eight age- and sex-matched controls were recruited. All patients received prednisone (0.5-1 mg/kg/d) as their routine therapy. According to the therapeutic effect, patients were divided into glucocorticoid-resistant (GCR) and glucocorticoid-sensitive (GCS) groups. Transcript levels of GRα, GRß, GRγ, GR-P, SRp30c and SRp40 in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were determined by real-time PCR. GRα and GRß proteins were detected by western blotting. Trial registration number is ChiCTR-RCH-12002808. RESULTS: Four GR transcripts in SLE patients showed the following trend: GRα (51.85%) > GR-P (23.78%) > GRγ (13.08%) >GRß (0.03%). GR-P transcript and ratio of GRα/GR-P in SLE patients were significantly higher than that in controls (p<0.05). GRα transcript and protein as well as SRp40 transcript in GCS group were significantly higher than that in the GCR group before GC treatment (p<0.05). In the GCS group, GRα transcript and SRp40 transcript were significantly higher after GC treatment than that before GC treatment (p<0.05). In the GCR group, GR-P transcript was significantly higher after GC treatment than that before GC treatment (p<0.05). Positive correlation between SRp40 and GRα transcript was found (p<0.05). Additionally, SLE Disease Activity Index scores were significantly negatively correlated with GRα transcript and protein expression (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS: Our data demonstrated that the decreased expression of GRα might be the evidence of high disease activity and help to predict GC resistance. GR-P isoform might be implicated in the development of resistance. Additionally, the preliminary finding suggested that SRp40 might be associated with GRα transcripts in SLE patients.