Effect of Radium-223 on the Gut Microbiota of Prostate Cancer Patients: A Pilot Case Series Study.

Radium-223 (Ra-223) is a targeted nuclear medicine therapy for castration-resistant prostate cancer with bone metastases. Its major route of elimination is the intestine. There is overwhelming evidence that the gut microbiota is altered by ionizing radiation (IR) from radiotherapy treatments. Nevertheless, it is known that extrapolation of outcomes from radiotherapy to nuclear medicine is not straightforward. The purpose of this study was to prospectively determine the effect of Ra-223 on selected important bacteria from the gut microbiota. Stool samples from three prostate cancer patients and two healthy individuals were obtained, processed, and analysed. We specifically measured the relative change of the abundance of important bacteria, determined by the 2-ΔΔC method. We found that Ra-223 influenced the gut microbiota composition. The most relevant changes were increases of Proteobacteria and Atopobacter; and decreases of Bacteroidetes, Prevotella, Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium, Clostridium coccoides, and Bacteroides fragilis. Additionally, our experiment confirms that the composition of gut microbiota from prostate cancer patients is altered. No significant correlation was found between each subject's gut microbiome profile and their clinical indices. Despite its limited sample, the results of this pilot study suggest that ionizing radiation from Ra-223 alters the gut microbiota composition and that the gut microbiota of prostate cancer patients has an increase of the bacteria with known prejudicial effects and a decrease of the ones with favorable effects.

Ionizing Radiation from Radiopharmaceuticals and the Human Gut Microbiota: An Ex Vivo Approach.

This study aimed to determine the effect of three widely used radiopharmaceuticals with intestinal excretion on selected relevant bacteria that are part of the human gut microbiota, using an ex vivo approach. Fecal samples obtained from healthy volunteers were analyzed. Each sample was divided into four smaller aliquots. One served as the non-irradiated control. The other three were homogenized with three radiopharmaceutical solutions ([131I]NaI, [99mTc]NaTcO4, and [223Ra]RaCl2). Relative quantification of each taxa was determined by the 2-ΔΔC method, using the ribosomal gene 16S as an internal control (primers 534/385). Twelve fecal samples were analysed: three controls and nine irradiated. Our experiment showed fold changes in all analyzed taxa with all radiopharmaceuticals, but results were more significant with I-131, ranging from 1.87-83.58; whereas no relevant differences were found with Tc-99m and Ra-223, ranging from 0.98-1.58 and 0.83-1.97, respectively. This study corroborates limited existing research on how ionizing radiation changes the gut microbiota composition, providing novel data regarding the ex vivo effect of radiopharmaceuticals. Our findings justify the need for future larger scale projects.

The adoption of a new diagnostic technology for tuberculosis in two Brazilian cities from the perspective of patients and healthcare workers: a qualitative study.

BACKGROUND: This article presents the qualitative component linked to a larger study of implementation of the Xpert™ MTB/Rif technology in two Brazilian cities. Despite intrinsic advantages of new health technologies, its introduction can be disruptive to existing routines, and it is thus important to understand how these innovations are perceived by the different groups involved in its regular use. METHODS: This study was based on semi-structured interviews with patients, lab technicians, health care workers and managers involved with diagnosis and care of Tuberculosis (TB). The interviews had their content analyzed in order to abstract the different perspectives for the various actors. RESULTS: For patients the changes were not perceived as significant, since their greatest concerns were related to treatment and the stigma associated with TB. The professionals in general welcomed the new technique, which dramatically decreases the workload, time and reliability of diagnosis, in their view. However, we noted difficulties with the concomitant implementation of new IT technology for recording and reporting test results, which negatively impacted the time necessary to get lab diagnosis to physicians. CONCLUSIONS: Through this analysis we detected some bottlenecks in the surrounding environment, not necessarily linked to the technology itself but which could hamper considerably its advantages.

From the Gut to the Brain: Is Microbiota a New Paradigm in Parkinson's Disease Treatment?

Parkinson's disease (PD) is recognized as the second most prevalent primary chronic neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system. Clinically, PD is characterized as a movement disorder, exhibiting an incidence and mortality rate that is increasing faster than any other neurological condition. In recent years, there has been a growing interest concerning the role of the gut microbiota in the etiology and pathophysiology of PD. The establishment of a brain-gut microbiota axis is now real, with evidence denoting a bidirectional communication between the brain and the gut microbiota through metabolic, immune, neuronal, and endocrine mechanisms and pathways. Among these, the vagus nerve represents the most direct form of communication between the brain and the gut. Given the potential interactions between bacteria and drugs, it has been observed that the therapies for PD can have an impact on the composition of the microbiota. Therefore, in the scope of the present review, we will discuss the current understanding of gut microbiota on PD and whether this may be a new paradigm for treating this devastating disease.

[From psychosomatic medicine to medical psychology: the theoretical and institutional trajectory of Julio de Mello Filho]. / Da medicina psicossomática à psicologia médica: a trajetória teórica e institucional de Julio de Mello Filho.

Studies on the causality of pathologies and the doctor/patient relationship based on psychoanalytic formulations received two denominations in Brazil: psychosomatic medicine and medical psychology. The physician and psychoanalyst Julio de Mello Filho took a leading role in this movement after the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Danillo Perestrello was incapacitated by illness. This study investigates how the theoretical concepts of the psychosomatic movement were structured and the institutional strategies used to establish this discipline in Brazil. From an epistemological and historical point of view, the initial notion of transforming the hegemonic medical model was seen to lose force, followed by a shift in medical psychology as a field of health psychology.

Os estudos sobre as causalidades das patologias e da relação médico/paciente a partir de formulações psicanalíticas receberam duas denominações no Brasil: medicina psicossomática e psicologia médica. O médico e psicanalista Julio de Mello Filho assumiu o protagonismo dessa proposta a partir da doença incapacitante do psiquiatra e psicanalista Danillo Perestrello. A estruturação da concepção teórica do movimento psicossomático e as estratégias institucionais utilizadas para a consolidação desse campo disciplinar no cenário brasileiro são o objeto deste estudo. Por meio de um referencial epistemológico e histórico, conclui-se que a proposta inicial de transformação do modelo médico hegemônico perde força e observa-se um deslocamento da psicologia médica como um campo da psicologia da saúde.

The Influence of Adipocyte Secretome on Selected Metabolic Fingerprints of Breast Cancer Cell Lines Representing the Four Major Breast Cancer Subtypes.

Molecular subtype (MS) is one of the most used classifications of breast cancer (BC). Four MSs are widely accepted according to receptor expression of estrogen, progesterone, and HER2. The impact of adipose tissue on BC MS metabolic impairment is still unclear. The present work aims to elucidate the metabolic alterations in breast cancer cell lines representing different MSs subjected to adipocyte associated factors. Preadipocytes isolated from human subcutaneous adipose tissue were differentiated into mature adipocytes. MS representative cell lines were exposed to mature adipocyte secretome. Extracellular medium was collected for metabolomics and RNA was extracted to evaluate enzymatic expression by RT-PCR. Adipocyte secretome exposure resulted in a decrease in the Warburg effect rate and an increase in cholesterol release. HER2+ cell lines (BT-474 and SK-BR-3) exhibited a similar metabolic pattern, in contrast to luminal A (MCF-7) and triple negative (TN) (MDA-MB-231), both presenting identical metabolisms. Anaplerosis was found in luminal A and TN representative cells, whereas cataplerotic reactions were likely to occur in HER2+ cell lines. Our results indicate that adipocyte secretome affects the central metabolism distinctly in each BC MS representative cell line.

New CTX-M Group Conferring ß-Lactam Resistance: A Compendium of Phylogenetic Insights from Biochemical, Molecular, and Structural Biology.

The production of extended-spectrum ß-lactamases (ESBLs) is the main defense mechanism found in Gram negative bacteria. Among all the ESBLs, the CTX-M enzymes appear as the most efficient in terms of dissemination in different epidemiological contexts. CTX-M enzymes exhibit a striking plasticity, with a large number of allelic variants distributed in several sublineages, which can be associated with functional heterogeneity of clinical relevance. This observational analytical study provides an update of this family, currently with more than 200 variants described, from a phylogenetic, molecular, and structural point of view through homology in amino acid sequences. Our data, combined with described literature, provide phylogenetic and structural evidence of a new group. Thus, herein, we propose six groups among CTX-M enzymes: the already stablished CTX-M-1, CTX-M-2, CTX-M-8, CTX-M-9, and CTX-M-25 clusters, as well as CTX-M-151 as the new cluster.

Neuroinflammation and Parkinson's Disease-From Neurodegeneration to Therapeutic Opportunities.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder worldwide. Clinically, it is characterized by a progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons (DAn), resulting in severe motor complications. Preclinical and clinical studies have indicated that neuroinflammation can play a role in PD pathophysiology, being associated with its onset and progression. Nevertheless, several key points concerning the neuroinflammatory process in PD remain to be answered. Bearing this in mind, in the present review, we cover the impact of neuroinflammation on PD by exploring the role of inflammatory cells (i.e., microglia and astrocytes) and the interconnections between the brain and the peripheral system. Furthermore, we discuss both the innate and adaptive immune responses regarding PD pathology and explore the gut-brain axis communication and its influence on the progression of the disease.

Demographics, Socioeconomic Status, Social Distancing, Psychosocial Factors and Psychological Well-Being among Undergraduate Students during the COVID-19 Pandemic.

The COVID-19 pandemic impacted on academic routine because of the social distancing measures. This study examined the relationships of sociodemographic characteristics, social distancing aspects and psychosocial factors on psychosocial well-being among undergraduate students during the social distancing period due to COVID-19. A web-based survey was conducted of undergraduate students at a public university in Brazil (n = 620). Demographics, socioeconomic status (SES), social distancing factors, negative affectivity (DASS-21), sense of coherence (SOC-13), social support and psychosocial well-being (GHQ-12) were measured. The direct and indirect links between was variables was tested using structural equation modelling. The estimated model showed that greater social support, higher sense of coherence and lower negative affectivity were directly associated with better psychological well-being. Female gender, higher SES, not working during the social distancing period and availability of online modules were indirectly associated with psychological well-being through psychosocial factors. Working during the social distancing period and availability of online modules mediated the link of age, gender, SES with psychological well-being. Our findings suggest the need to provide psychological support, online teaching and financial aid to undergraduate students during the social distancing period due to COVID-19 pandemic to improve their psychological well-being.

[Danilo Perestrello and the psychosomatic medicine movement in Brazil: from theory to institutional acceptance]. / O movimento da medicina psicossomática no Brasil: a trajetória teórica e institucional de Danilo Perestrello.

In the 1950s, the psychosomatic medicine movement emerged in Brazil, led by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Danilo Perestrello. This article analyzes the strategies developed to configure this proposal and establish this field of study. From the beginning, this movement was characterized by a plan to reformulate medicine based on psychoanalytic theory and obtain favorable reception in institutions. During his career, Perestrello published articles and books with the intention of establishing a new way of thinking among physicians and worked at strategic institutions. His withdrawal from professional work due to a serious illness in 1976 was a factor contributing to the fragmentation of the psychosomatic movement in Brazil.

Na década de 1950, surgia o movimento da medicina psicossomática no Brasil, tendo como protagonista o psiquiatra e psicanalista Danilo Perestrello. A configuração dessa proposta e a análise das estratégias construídas para a formação desse campo disciplinar são o objeto deste estudo. Desde o início, esse movimento foi marcado por um projeto teórico-institucional de refundação da medicina sobre bases psicanalíticas e de institucionalização. Em sua trajetória, Perestrello publicou artigos e livros que tinham como intuito formar um novo estilo de pensamento entre os médicos, bem como a ocupação de instituições estratégicas. Seu afastamento profissional, devido a uma grave doença em 1976, representou um fator desagregador do movimento psicossomático no contexto brasileiro.

Da medicina psicossomática à psicologia médica: a trajetória teórica e institucional de Julio de Mello Filho / From psychosomatic medicine to medical psychology: the theoretical and institutional trajectory of Julio de Mello Filho

Resumo Os estudos sobre as causalidades das patologias e da relação médico/paciente a partir de formulações psicanalíticas receberam duas denominações no Brasil: medicina psicossomática e psicologia médica. O médico e psicanalista Julio de Mello Filho assumiu o protagonismo dessa proposta a partir da doença incapacitante do psiquiatra e psicanalista Danillo Perestrello. A estruturação da concepção teórica do movimento psicossomático e as estratégias institucionais utilizadas para a consolidação desse campo disciplinar no cenário brasileiro são o objeto deste estudo. Por meio de um referencial epistemológico e histórico, conclui-se que a proposta inicial de transformação do modelo médico hegemônico perde força e observa-se um deslocamento da psicologia médica como um campo da psicologia da saúde.

Abstract Studies on the causality of pathologies and the doctor/patient relationship based on psychoanalytic formulations received two denominations in Brazil: psychosomatic medicine and medical psychology. The physician and psychoanalyst Julio de Mello Filho took a leading role in this movement after the psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Danillo Perestrello was incapacitated by illness. This study investigates how the theoretical concepts of the psychosomatic movement were structured and the institutional strategies used to establish this discipline in Brazil. From an epistemological and historical point of view, the initial notion of transforming the hegemonic medical model was seen to lose force, followed by a shift in medical psychology as a field of health psychology.

Nosso sistema imune de cada dia e os agrotóxicos de hoje / Our everyday immune system and today's pesticides

O uso massivo dos agrotóxicos nas lavouras deu-se a partir de 1950 com a "Revolução Verde", como resultado da busca por aumento da produtividade e modernização dos campos agrícolas. Diante disso, na década de 1960, foi criado o Programa Nacional de Defensivos Agrícolas (PNDA), que veio para facilitar a introdução dos agroquímicos, colaborando para que, a partir de 2008, o Brasil passasse a ser o país com maiores percentuais de uso destes produtos. Essas substâncias geram efeitos deletérios sobre a resposta imune dos indivíduos expostos, principalmente relacionada aos macrófagos, células B, T e NK. Isso afeta a capacidade de fagocitose, apresentação de antígenos e produção de anticorpos, além de induzir a geração de radicais livres de oxigênio e disfunção mitocondrial, resultando em estresse oxidativo e danos ao DNA celular, apoptose em excesso, mutação no ciclo celular, desordem de regulação e, consequentemente, imunodeficiência. Dessa forma, o desenvolvimento de doenças imunomediadas, como asma e doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC), está estreitamente ligado aos agrotóxicos, uma vez que esses variados mecanismos de toxicidade ao sistema imune induzem, dentre outras, manifestações respiratórias, tais como tosse, sibilo, irritação e inflamação. Além disso, estes pesticidas estão relacionados com doenças não imunomediadas ao alterar a função normal dos hormônios da tireoide, andrógenos e estrógenos. A fim de avaliar estes impactos, o presente estudo consiste em uma revisão integrativa da literatura e, diante da crescente utilização descontrolada dos agrotóxicos, assume grande relevância, refletindo a necessidade de maior atuação da vigilância epidemiológica, ambiental e da saúde do trabalhador.

Beginning in the 1950s, massive pesticide use began in what is called the "Green Revolution", a quest for increased agricultural productivity and modernization. In the 1960s, the Brazilian National Program of Agricultural Defense was created to facilitate the introduction of agrochemicals, leading the country to become one of the world's largest pesticide users by 2008. These substances have deleterious effects on the immune response of exposed individuals, mainly related to macrophages and B, T, and NK cells. This affects phagocytosis and antigen and antibody production, inducing production of oxygen free radicals and mitochondrial dysfunction, which results in oxidative stress and cellular DNA damage, excess apoptosis, cell cycle mutations, regulatory disorders, and, consequently, immunodeficiency. Thus, the development of immune-mediated diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), is closely linked to pesticides, since these varied mechanisms of toxicity to the immune system induce respiratory manifestations, such as cough, wheezing, irritation and inflammation. Pesticide use is also related to non-immune-mediated diseases because exposure alters the normal function of thyroid hormones, androgens, and estrogens. To evaluate their impact, the present study performed an integrative review of the literature, which, due to the growing and uncontrolled use of pesticides, is of great relevance and demonstrates the need for greater epidemiological, environmental, and worker health surveillance.

O movimento da medicina psicossomática no Brasil: a trajetória teórica e institucional de Danilo Perestrello / Danilo Perestrello and the psychosomatic medicine movement in Brazil: from theory to institutional acceptance

Resumo Na década de 1950, surgia o movimento da medicina psicossomática no Brasil, tendo como protagonista o psiquiatra e psicanalista Danilo Perestrello. A configuração dessa proposta e a análise das estratégias construídas para a formação desse campo disciplinar são o objeto deste estudo. Desde o início, esse movimento foi marcado por um projeto teórico-institucional de refundação da medicina sobre bases psicanalíticas e de institucionalização. Em sua trajetória, Perestrello publicou artigos e livros que tinham como intuito formar um novo estilo de pensamento entre os médicos, bem como a ocupação de instituições estratégicas. Seu afastamento profissional, devido a uma grave doença em 1976, representou um fator desagregador do movimento psicossomático no contexto brasileiro.

Abstract In the 1950s, the psychosomatic medicine movement emerged in Brazil, led by psychiatrist and psychoanalyst Danilo Perestrello. This article analyzes the strategies developed to configure this proposal and establish this field of study. From the beginning, this movement was characterized by a plan to reformulate medicine based on psychoanalytic theory and obtain favorable reception in institutions. During his career, Perestrello published articles and books with the intention of establishing a new way of thinking among physicians and worked at strategic institutions. His withdrawal from professional work due to a serious illness in 1976 was a factor contributing to the fragmentation of the psychosomatic movement in Brazil.

Percepção de estudantes de enfermagem com relação à aprendizagem sobre a queda de pacientes: contribuições da simulação / Nursing students' perception of learning about patient falls: simulation contributions

Educar os profissionais de saúde sobre como prevenir quedas tem sido reconhecido como uma prioridade para melhorar a segurança do paciente durante as internações hospitalares e na comunidade, e para tal, há várias estratégias educativas que podem ser utilizadas para capacitar os profissionais, entre elas, a simulação. Nesse sentido, o presente estudo visa analisar a percepção que os estudantes de enfermagem têm em relação à aprendizagem baseada em simulação referente ao risco e prevenção da queda de pacientes hospitalizados. Trata-se de um estudo exploratório descritivo, retrospectivo, de abordagem qualitativa. Foi desenvolvido em uma escola de enfermagem de uma universidade pública no interior do estado de São Paulo. Os dados foram coletados no período de dezembro de 2022 a janeiro de 2023, e são provenientes de relatos de estudantes, em fóruns de ambientes virtuais de disciplinas que ensinam a temática em cursos de graduação em enfermagem. Com o auxílio do software MaxQda os dados produzidos foram tratados e explorados. Os resultados foram organizados em quatro categorias: (1) Importância da aprendizagem por simulação referente à queda de pacientes; (2) Importância do profissional de enfermagem no cuidado com pacientes com risco de queda; (3) Queda como ocorrência comum no ambiente hospitalar: fatores de risco e possíveis consequências; (4) Sistematização do cuidado: ações específicas de prevenção. Ressalta-se ainda a obtenção de 16 subcategorias. A análise dos dados permitiu concluir que a simulação clínica associada a reflexão orientada em fórum de ambiente virtual de aprendizagem favoreceu um conjunto significativo de aprendizagens relacionadas à prevenção de quedas

Educating health professionals on how to prevent falls has been recognized as a priority to improve patient safety during hospitalizations and in the community, and for this purpose, there are several educational strategies that can be used to train professionals, among them, the simulation. In this sense, the present study aims to analyze the perception that nursing students have in relation to simulation-based learning regarding the risk and prevention of falls in hospitalized patients. This is an exploratory, descriptive, retrospective study with a qualitative approach. It was developed in a nursing school at a public university in the interior of the state of São Paulo. Data were collected from December 2022 to January 2023, and come from student reports, in forums of virtual environments of disciplines that teach the subject in undergraduate nursing courses. With the help of MaxQda software, the data produced were treated and explored. The results were organized into four categories: (1) Importance of simulation learning regarding patient falls; (2) Importance of the nursing professional in caring for patients at risk of falling; (3) Falls as a common occurrence in the hospital environment: risk factors and possible consequences; (4) Systematization of care: specific prevention actions. It should also be noted that 16 subcategories were obtained. Data analysis led to the conclusion that the clinical simulation associated with guided reflection in a virtual learning environment forum favored a significant set of learning related to the prevention of falls

[Institutional support as a method of analysis-intervention in the context of public health policies: the experience in a general hospital]. / O apoio institucional como método de análise-intervenção no âmbito das políticas públicas de saúde: a experiência em um hospital geral.

The article addresses the elaboration of a method for analysis/intervention in the sphere of public health policies. It describes the introduction of the National Humanization Policy of the Unified Health System (SUS) in a general hospital. It proposes institutional support expressed as a method for doing things that seeks the creation of group action, work process analysis and involves examining work management methods. It relies on promotion of health, which implies the production of subjects. The promotion of health is a networking process that involves individuals, work processes, knowledge and power. The challenge of supporting this network is to foster the exercise of the role of individuals and summon the inherent creative potential of life for the construction of new ways of work management that are not new forms of subjection. The study aims to show that by means of institutional support it is possible to bring to the fore the forces involved in the promotion of health and thereby summon the groups for an analysis of its implications. The effects produced indicate that this is a powerful strategy for the intervention of work processes within the scope of public health policies.

Comparison of lactate values obtained from different sites and their clinical significance in patients with severe sepsis.

CONTEXT AND OBJECTIVE: The ideal site for lactate collection has not been clearly established. This study aimed to evaluate associations between lactate levels in arterial blood (Lart), peripheral venous blood (Lper) and central venous blood (Lcen) in patients with severe sepsis or septic shock. DESIGN AND SETTING: Cross-sectional analytical study in an tertiary university hospital. METHOD: Samples from patients with a central venous catheter and from healthy volunteers (control group) were collected. Blood was drawn simultaneously for measurements of Lart, Lper and Lcen, and the first sample was collected less than 24 hours after the onset of organ dysfunction. The results were analyzed using Pearson correlation, Bland-Altman and McNemar tests. RESULTS: A total of 238 samples were collected from 32 patients. The correlation results were r = 0.79 (P < 0.0001) for Lart/Lper and r = 0.84 (P < 0.0001) for Lart/Lcen. Bland-Altman showed large limits of agreement: -3.2 ± 4.9 (-12.8 to 6.4) and -0.8 ± 5.9 (-12.5 to 10.8), for Lper and Lcen respectively. In the control group, there was greater correlation (r = 0.9009, P = 0.0004) and agreement: -0.7 ± 1.2 (-3.1 to 1.7). Regarding clinical intervention, there was good agreement between Lart/Lcen (96.3%; three disagreements), with worst results for Lart/Lper (87.0%) with 10 cases of disagreement (P = 0.04). In eight patients (80.0%) Lper was higher than Lart. CONCLUSION: Lcen, and not Lper, can replace Lart with good correlation and clinical agreement. Lper tends to overestimate Lart, thus leading to unnecessary therapeutic interventions.

A experiência de um processo de formação articulando humanização e apoio institucional no trabalho em saúde / Experience of an educacion process linking humanization and institutional support within healthcare work / La experiencia de un proceso de formación articulando la humanización y el apoyo institucional en el trabajo en salud

O texto apresenta uma experiência de formação na Humanização com referenciais do apoio institucional. Na formação foram propostas diretrizes político-metodológicas: (i) tomar a rede do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS) como o espaço concreto das relações de trabalho e produção de subjetividades, induzindo-se a pensá-la em sua ‘capacidade autônoma’ (ii) compreendendo o apoio institucional como estratégia de se entremear nos movimentos de tal rede, potencializando a sua condição de autonomia e (iii) concebendo o processo formativo como estratégia de colocar em análise os modos de trabalho nessa rede, induzindo ou fortalecendo o potencial dos trabalhadores para agirem como apoiadores institucionais. Este é o produto-efeito que aqui indicamos para agregar em si os objetivos ampliados dessa atividade formativa. O curso exerceu função de grupalidade, aqueceu redes, mas não é um processo finalizado, pois que acompanha a vida na variação que lhe é própria...

This paper presents an education experience relating to humanization within the framework of institutional support. In this process, the following political-methodological guidelines were proposed: (i) to take the Brazilian Health System (SUS) network to be a concrete space for labor relations and production of subjectivities, thus leading to thinking of it in its ‘autonomous capacity’; (ii) to include institutional support as a strategy for interspersing in the movements of this network, thus enhancing its state of autonomy; and (iii) to conceive of the education process as a strategy for placing the ways of working within this network under analysis, thus inducing or strengthening the potential for workers to act as institutional supporters. This is the end product that we indicate here in order to add extended objectives to this education activity. The course had a group strengthening function and fostered networks, but this is not a finished process, since it follows the course of life, with its intrinsic variations...

El texto presenta una experiencia de formación en la Humanización con referencias de apoyo institucional. En la formación se propusieron directrices político-metodológicas: (i) tomar la red del Sistema Brasileño de Saúde (SUS) como el espacio concreto de las relaciones de trabajo y producción de subjetividades, induciéndose a pensarla en su ‘capacidad autónoma’ (ii) incluyendo el apoyo institucional como estrategia de incluirse en los movimientos de la referida red, potencializando su condición de autonomía y (iii) concibiendo el proceso formativo como estrategia para analizar los modos de trabajo de esa red, induciendo o fortaleciendo el potencial de los trabajadores para actuar como apoyadores institucionales. Este es el producto-efecto que indicamos aquí para agregar en si los objetivos ampliados de esa actividad formativa. El curso ejerció función de formación de grupo, intensificó redes, pero no es un proceso finalizado, puesto que acompaña a la vida en la variación que le es propia...

O apoio institucional como dispositivo para a implantação do acolhimento nos serviços de saúde / Institutional support as a device for implementing reception in healthcare services / El apoyo institucional como dispositivo para la implementación de la acogida en los servicios de salud

Este artigo apresenta o apoio institucional como dispositivo para a implantação do acolhimento nos serviços de saúde. A função apoiador, como apoio a processos de mudança nas organizações, articula conceitos e tecnologias advindos da análise institucional e da gestão. O apoio institucional vem sendo utilizado como dispositivo metodológico pela Política Nacional de Humanização para a construção e a consolidação do Sistema Único de Saúde (SUS). Nos resultados foram descritas e analisadas as etapas do processo de apoio a um serviço de saúde. O apoio institucional colocou em análise os modos de gestão daquele coletivo, propiciou trabalhos em espaços cogestivos e produziu mudanças na organização da porta de entrada no direcionamento de um maior acesso e resolutividade aos seus usuários. Considera-se que o apoio se apresenta como um dispositivo estratégico para criação de novas estratégias no SUS por possibilitar a ampliação da democracia institucional...

This paper presents institutional support as a device for implementing reception in healthcare services. The supporter function provides support for change processes in organizations and links concepts and technologies that come from institutional analysis and management. Institutional support has been used as a methodological device within the Brazilian Humanization Policy to construct and consolidate the Brazilian Health System (SUS). The stages of the support process within a healthcare service were described and analyzed here. Institutional support placed the management methods of that public service under analysis, gave rise to work in comanagement spaces and produced changes in how the entry to that service was organized, towards greater access and problem-solving capacity for service users. It can thus be considered that support is a strategic device for creating new strategies within SUS, through enabling expansion of institutional democracy...

En este artículo se presenta el apoyo institucional como dispositivo para la implementación de la acogida en los servicios de salud. La función del apoyador (como apoyo a los procesos de cambio en las organizaciones) articula conceptos y tecnologías provenientes del análisis institucional y de la gestión. El apoyo institucional se ha utilizado como dispositivo metodológico por parte de la Política Brasileña de Humanización para la construcción y la consolidación del Sistema Brasileño de Salud (SUS). En los resultados se describen y analizan las etapas del proceso de apoyo a un servicio de salud. El apoyo institucional analizó los modos de gestión de ese colectivo, propició trabajos en espacios de cogestión y produjo cambios en la organización de la puerta de entrada y en la dirección de un mayor acceso y capacidad de resolución a los usuarios. Se considera que el apoyo se presenta como un dispositivo estratégico para la creación de nuevas estrategias en SUS por posibilitar la ampliación de la democracia institucional...

Da graduação biomédica à medicina de família: aprendendo a se tornar um "médico da pessoa" / From biomedical graduation to family medicine: learning to become a \"person's doctor\"

Este estudo apresenta a educação como instância modeladora dos sistemas de representação da realidade, a partir de uma reflexão sociofilosófica desenvolvida por Kuhn, Fleck e Wittgenstein. Através de uma pesquisa qualitativa, discute as especificidades da graduação biomédica e a formação de residentes em um Programa de Medicina de Família e da Comunidade como um processo de translação do olhar. No discurso dos residentes entrevistados, duas conclusões se destacaram: a inadequação da formação biomédica para a resolução dos problemas de saúde da população na atenção básica; e a necessidade de uma reorientação do olhar do profissional para o "sujeito doente" e suas subjetividades, para que ele possa se tornar um "médico da pessoa".

This paper introduces education as sign of reality representation of modeling systems starting from a socio-philosophical reflection developed by Kuhn, Fleck and Wittgenstein. Through a qualitative research, we discussed biomedical graduation and residence graduation specificities in a Family Medicine Program and the Community, as a process to change this view. During the interview with medicine residents, in their discourse, two conclusions emerged: the inadequation of the biomedical formation to solve population health care issues involving basic attention and the need to a reorientation to the "sick subject" and their subjectivities to become a "person's doctor".

[Vague and diffuse symptoms in biomedicine: a review of the literature]. / Os sintomas vagos e difusos em biomedicina: uma revisão da literatura.

The purpose of this study is to chart academic output on vague and diffuse symptoms in biomedicine. As methodological tool, we conducted a bibliographic study through the Internet ranging from 1990 to 2005. Forty papers were selected and five major theme areas were established for the survey: the nomenclatures assigned to vague and diffuse symptoms; their definitions; the relevance of the theme being addressed; the criteria used to diagnose vague and diffuse symptoms; and the therapeutic actions adopted. The discussion of the findings identifies many biomedical difficulties in dealing with sufferers from undefined complaints, including: diversity and lack of conceptual precision in the use of the nomenclature; physicians who are poorly prepared to deal with these patients; demand considered as a psychic disorder; difficulties in establishing diagnostic criteria and poor use of treatment resources. This leads to the conclusion that the biomedical model behind these difficulties has few tools for dealing with the singularities of human suffering and its experiential phenomenological dimension.