Detection of antibiotics in the urine of children and pregnant women in Jiangsu, China.

Exposure to low concentrations of antibiotics links to multiple health hazards, such as drug resistance of bacteria, and childhood obesity. In this study, seven antibiotics were measured in the urine of 107 children and 126 pregnant women in Jiangsu Province by ultra-performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS). The overall urinary antibiotics detection rate was 38.6%. Most (98.3%) of the participants' antibiotics concentrations were no more than 10 ng/mL. Children had a significantly higher detection rate than pregnant women (47.7% vs. 31.0%, P = 0.009), as well as the concentration (95th percentile: 6.49 vs. 4.08 ng/mL, P = 0.002). The detection rates of individual antibiotics ranged from 0.4% to 15.0%, and the concentrations ranged from lower than the limit of detection (LOD) through up to 31.96 ng/mL individually. Two or more antibiotics were detected in 11.2% of the urines. Tetracyclines were more frequently detected than phenicols (30.9% vs.12.4%). Oxytetracycline was the most frequently detected (15.0%). Multivariate logistic regression showed that consuming puffed food every day was associated with a significantly increased likelihood of detection, and higher concentration of overall antibiotics, and of doxycycline. Children were more likely to be detected of doxycycline and florfenicol, and to have elevated concentration of doxycycline, compared with pregnant women. This study highlights the relatively heavier antibiotics exposure in children, and a possible impact of puffed food on it, which needs to be warranted in future studies.

[Analysis of the nutrients contents and the blood glucose response of the mixed grains in Chinese people].

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the nutrients contents and the glycemic index (GI) of the mixed grains and analyze the relationship between the nutrients contents and biological effect. METHODS: The nutrients contents of mixed grains and control food were determined according to the methods of Chinese national standards. Choose 10 volunteers to ingest 50 g glucose and ingest the steamed bread of mixed grains which imply 50 g carbohydrate the second day. Limosis blood glucose and blood glucose levels during the subsequent 3 hours were determined. Calculating the GI according to the Wolver's method. RESULTS: The results showed that 100 g of the mixed grains contained dietary fiber (crude fiber) 13.7 g, vitamin B1 0.40 mg, protein 13.5g, ash2.0g, vitamin B2 0.16 mg, calcium 54 mg, iron 7.1 mg and zinc3.00 mg respectively. The absolute increase of blood glucose and the areas increased under the glycemic curves of mixed grains were less than which of glucose (P < 0.05). The GI of the mixed grains bread was 52.6. CONCLUSION: It was concluded that the high contents of protein, minerals, dietary fiber, VB1, VB2 and the low GI of mixed grains might play an important role in nutritional intervention