Nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia in a toddler during hypothermia after cardiac arrest: a case report.

While nonocclusive mesenteric ischemia (NOMI) has been reported in a significant percentage of adults who were resuscitated after cardiac arrest, it is rare in children. This report presents the first known Japanese case of pediatric NOMI after return of spontaneous circulation following cardiac arrest. A 16-month-old boy experienced cardiac arrest due to asphyxiation from foreign bodies in the airway. After receiving 10 doses of adrenaline, with a maximum arrest time of 95 minutes, the patient achieved return of spontaneous circulation. However, 40 hours after onset, the patient developed NOMI, resulting in refractory hypotensive shock with decreased blood pressure, distended abdomen, and increased intravesical pressure. The patient was successfully rescued with two laparotomies and was discharged. Although NOMI is uncommon in children, appropriate treatment can be lifesaving.

A Child With a Glasgow Coma Scale Score of 4 After Near-Hanging: A Case Report on Treatment Without Intubation and Targeted Temperature Management.

While prehospital medical interventions are evolving and improving survival rates, the evidence for adequate early prognostic assessment is often insufficient. A 12-year-old Japanese child was found hanging on the roof of his home. After being rescued by his mother, he was transported by an ambulance and a rapid response car (RRC) with doctors, nurses, and paramedics on board, and admitted to our hospital. His initial Glasgow Coma Scale score in the RRC was 4. Although he did not undergo intubation and targeted temperature management (TTM), he had no neurological sequelae upon discharge. To the best of our knowledge, this report is the first to describe the case of a child with a decreased level of consciousness after near-hanging, who was treated without intubation and TTM.

Sneezing-Induced Subclavian Arterial Rupture: A Case of Vascular Ehlers-Danlos Syndrome in a Child.

Vascular Ehlers-Danlos syndrome is a fatal disease caused by a type III collagen mutation that can result in the rupture of blood vessels, the intestinal tract, and/or the uterus. Despite being the most severe form of Ehlers-Danlos syndrome, it is not well known in the pediatric context because it rarely presents serious complications in childhood. In this case, the patient experienced a subclavian artery rupture triggered by sneezing, which was initially managed with an endovascular stent. However, the descending aorta subsequently ruptured, and the patient died. Traditionally, surgical or endovascular treatments have been avoided due to the inherent fragility of blood vessels. Nevertheless, favorable outcomes have been documented with a wait-and-see surgical approach or endovascular treatment, especially when the diagnosis precedes the onset of vascular complications. Notably, celiprolol, a partial ß2-agonist and ß1-blocker, has demonstrated efficacy in preventing vascular complications. Therefore, early diagnosis plays a pivotal role. Raising awareness about this syndrome, along with its management and prophylaxis, holds the potential to enhance the survival rate.