Unusual cause of laryngeal dyspnea and swallowing troubles in a 2-year old child.

Plexiform neurofibromas are rare benign tumors developed from peripheral nervous system often associated with neurofibromatosis type 1. We report the case of multifocal plexiform neurofibromas in a 2-year-old child with cervical mass obstructing the trachea causing respiratory distress. A cervical ultrasound examination was performed followed by enhanced CT and MRI. Imaging revealed an expansive cervical mass extended from the base of the skull to the mediastinum associated with similar pelvic and sacral foraminal masses. The target like MRI aspect on T2-weighted images was suggestive of the neural origin. Biopsy under ultrasound control confirmed the diagnosis of plexiform neurofibroma.

Spontaneous hemothorax and neurofibromatosis type 1: How to explain it, how to explore it and how to treat it?

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF1), also known as Von Recklinghausen's disease is an autosomal dominant genetic disorder. It is the most common of phacomatoses. Pulmonary complications have been rarely described in the literature. It is generally a benign disease, but has the potential for rare and fatal complications, such as spontaneous hemothorax. We reported two cases of patients with a history of von Recklinghausen's disease. Both of them suffered sudden chest pain. Chest-X ray revealed a hemi-thoracic opacity. Enhanced chest computed tomography showed massive hemothorax, but no evidence of tumors or an obvious bleeding point in the thorax. After we had ensured a stable hemodynamic condition, we performed video-assisted thoracic surgery to remove the hematoma. No evidence of bleeding was noticed in the first patient whereas an active bleeding was observed in the second patient. We could not determine which vessel was responsible of the hemorrhage. Electrocoagulation and clot removal were performed.  Evolution was favorable for both patients. Spontaneous hemothorax is a rare and potentially life threatening NF1's complication. A tumor like neurofibroma or more rarely vascular involvement of large or small caliber arteries may be at hemothorax's origin.

Cost analysis of a medical procedure using the full cost method: The example of a trans-thoracic scan-guided biopsy.

INTRODUCTION: Trans-thoracic scan-guided biopsy (TTB) is a crucial examination for exploring thoracic lesions, particularly in the case of tumor pathologies. To make informed decisions in cost-effectiveness analyses, it is important to understand the actual costs of this procedure. AIM: To quantify the cost of performing TTB using a microeconomic approach. METHODS: We used the full cost method, which is the reference method in cost accounting. This method subdivides costs into direct and indirect costs. Direct costs are divided into variable and fixed components. Variable costs include consumables and wages of personnel involved in the "labor" act. Fixed direct costs are those that do not vary during the study period; they include the costs of purchasing, depreciation, maintenance, and repair of the scanner room equipment. Indirect costs include overhead costs that cannot be directly attributed to the TTB procedure. RESULTS: The total direct cost of the TTB procedure amounts to 310.191 TND when using a coaxial and 256.390 TND in the absence of a coaxial, including fixed and variable costs. Indirect costs were not included in this study due to the absence of cost accounting at the hospital. CONCLUSION: Accurate knowledge of the costs of any medical procedure is essential for making informed decisions in cost-effectiveness analyses. This study provides a precise estimate of the direct costs of TTB and can help improve the efficiency of resource allocation for performing this procedure.

Pheochromocytoma presenting as fulminant myocarditis mimicking COVID-19 pneumonia.

Adrenergic cardiomyopathy is uncommon but can be fulminant and life-threatening. Nowadays, the need to exclude the possibility of COVID-19 pneumonia in patients with acute dyspnea in a previously healthy adult may cause a delay in the diagnosis.

[Paraneoplastic limbic encephalitis complicating pulmonary adenocarcinoma: a case report]. / Encéphalite limbique paranéoplasique compliquant un adénocarcinome pulmonaire: à propos d'un cas.

Limbic encephalitis (LE) is a rare disease often of paraneoplastic origin. It is frequently associated with bronchopulmonary cancer. Diagnosis is based on brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We here report the case of a 54-year-old female patient with a history of active smoking, presenting with chronic dry cough. Chest X-ray showed suspicious right lung opacity. Bronchial fibroscopy and bronchial biopsies were not contributory. Thoraco-abdomino-pelvic computed tomography (CT)-scan and brain CT-scan showed a mass in the right upper lobe classified as T4N2M1a. CT-guided lung biopsy confirmed the diagnosis of bronchopulmonary adenocarcinoma. The patient had reported a recent history of memory disturbances associated with depressed mood, anxiety and paroxysmal confusion. Metabolic screening and tests for detecting infection were normal and brain MRI suggested limbic encephalitis. The evolution was characterized by rapid disease progression; the patient died in about ten days.

Diagnostic accuracy of strain imaging in predicting myocardial viability after an ST-elevation myocardial infarction.

In the acute phase of ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) viability imaging techniques are not validated and/or not available.This study aimed to evaluate the ability of strain parameters assessed in the acute phase of STEMI, to predict myocardial viability after revascularization.Thirty-one STEMI patients whose culprit coronary artery was recanalized and in whom baseline echocardiogram showed an akinesia in the infarcted area, were prospectively included. Bidimensional left ventricular global longitudinal strain (GLS), and territorial longitudinal strain (TLS) in the territory of the infarct related artery were obtained within 24 hours from admission. Delayed enhancement (DE) cardiac magnetic resonance imaging (CMR) was used as a reference test to assess post-revascularization myocardial viability. DE-CMR was performed 3 months after percutaneous coronary intervention. According to myocardial viability, patients were divided into 2 groups; CMR viable myocardium patients with more than half of infarcted segments having a DE <50% (group V) and CMR nonviable myocardium patients with half or more of the infarcted segments having a DE >50% (group NV).GLS and TLS were lower in group V compared to group NV (respectively: -14.4% ±â€Š2.9% vs -10.9% ±â€Š2.4%, P = .002 and -11.0 ±â€Š4.1 vs -3.2 ±â€Š3.1, P = .001). GLS was correlated with DE-CMR (r = 0.54, P = .002) and a cut off value of -13.9% for GLS predicted viability with 86% sensitivity (Se) and 78% specificity (Sp). TLS showed the strongest correlation with DE-CMR (r = 0.69, P < .001). A cut off value of -9.4% for TLS yielded a Se of 78% and a Sp of 95% to predict myocardial viability.GLS and TLS measured in the acute phase of STEMI predicted myocardial viability assessed by 3 months DE-CMR. They are prognostic indicators and they can be used to guide the priority and usefulness of percutaneous coronary intervention in these patients.

Contribution of imaging in the management of resistant tuberculosis.

INTRODUCTION: Resistant tuberculosis is a topical subject given the difficulties of its management. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the role of imaging in the diagnosis and follow-up of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB). METHODS: Retrospective study of MDR-TB cases followed in Hall C of Abderrahmane Mami Hospital (2010 to 2016). RESULTS: Forty four patients included. The average age was 33 (15-58). The sex ratio was 1.7. Chest radiographs at the start of treatment showed lesions dominated by nodules (n = 39) and cavities (n = 36). The parenchymal lesions were bilateral (n = 32), associated pleural (n = 4) and mediastinal lesions (n = 7). During treatment, radiological improvement dominated during the first 7 months of treatment. Computed tomography was performed as part of the preoperative assessment of MDR-TB (n = 2), lung cancer extension assessment (n = 1) and etiological assessment of haemoptysis. It allowed to refute a suspected pulmonary embolism (n = 1) and to drain a pleural effusion. Parenchymal lesions on CT were dominated by nodules (n = 8) and cavities (n = 6). Mediastinal nodes (n = 4) and pleural effusions (n = 3) were noted. Ultrasonography showed pleural effusion with pleural thickening (n = 2) and permits its ponction. CONCLUSION: Imaging is a key element in the diagnostic approach to tuberculosis. It permits to evaluate tuberculous lesions and to detect tuberculous complications. It helps to guide the therapeutic management and evaluate its effectiveness.

[Idiopathic chylothorax: usefulness of aetiologic survey and the follow-up]. / Chylothorax spontané idiopathique: intérêt de l'enquête étiologique et du suivi.

Chylothorax is an uncommon condition. It's characterized by the presence of chyle in the pleura. The most common causes are malignancy and trauma. When an underlying cause is excluded, the chylothorax is called idiopathic. We report a case of a 68 aged woman, admitted for abundant chylothorax. Thoraco-abdominal computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging of the chest and thoracotomy showed no lesion of the lymphatic duct. Fibrothorax has developed after pleurodesis. Stable clinical and radiological condition was noticed during 3 years. We discuss the difficulty in the exclusion of a malignancy and the necessity of the follow up for these patients.

[Hydatid cyst of the heart and vessels, four cases]. / Kyste hydatique du coeur et des vaisseaux, 4 observations.

INTRODUCTION: The lung is the most frequent location of hydatid cysts (HC). Cardiac and vascular HC are rare, and the primary location in the pulmonary artery is exceptional. OBSERVATIONS: We report three cases of right cardiac HC cyst revealed by pulmonary hydatidosis, and 1 case of a primary HC of the pulmonary artery revealed by haemoptysis. Treatment consisted in surgical resection of the cardiac and pulmonary artery HC. Post-surgical antiparasite chemotherapy, based on albendazole, was prescribed for all patients. The evolution was towards a post pneumonectomy syndrome in the patient with a HC in the pulmonary artery, major pulmonary hypertension in the case of pulmonary embolic hydatidosis and an extension of the hydatid lesions in the third patient. Treatment is ongoing in the fourth patient with the development of many parenchymatous cysts. DISCUSSION: Cardiac and vascular hydatid cysts are rare and of bad prognosis. These cardiac and vascular cysts are of poor prognosis because of the risk of rupture and hematogenic dissemination. Treatments are only partially effective and more importance should be given to preventive treatment.

[Medical therapies for locally advanced/metastatic kidney cancer]. / Traitements médicaux des cancers du rein localement avancés et/ou métastatiques.

AIMS: To analyze the medical literature concerning the results of the international randomized muticentric trials concerning therapeutic innovations, mainly targeted therapies in locally advanced and or metastatic renal cell cancer and to evaluate the benefit of these TT. METHODS: We performed a review of publications that concerned this topic published from 2000 to 2014. RESULTS: They concerned the large randomized trials have showed a benefit of the targeted therapies in the treatment of clear cell carcinomas in terms of progression-free survival. CONCLUSION: Advances in molecular biology have allowed the development of these targeted therapies that have all proved their role in the treatment of metastatic renal cell carcinoma.

[Tuberculous thoracic parietal abcess. Report of 4 cases]. / Abces parietal thoracique tuberculeux: a propos de 4 cas.

Cold abcess of the chest wall is a rare extra-pulmonary tuberculous location, usually described in cases of severe or disseminated form of tuberculous. His frequency is estimated for 1 to 5% of osteoarticular tuberculous. Four cases of cold abcess of the chest wall are reported. Three of the patients are more than 65- year- old and a 30-year-old woman. In three cases, abcess is developped in the posterior chest wall and it is sternal in the fourth case . Neither immunodepression nor previous tuberculous history or other location of the tuberculosis were noted. Diagnosis is based on demonstrating mycobacterium tuberculosis in pus culture in three cases and on histologic pattern in the last one. Classic anti-tuberculosis treatement was prolonged at 12 and 15 months in 2 patients because of respectively general and local prolonged evolution.

[Unusual presentation of giant thymolipoma]. / Presentation inhabituelle d'un thymolipome geant.

Thymolipoma is a rare thymic tumor; His frequency is estimated at 2 at 9% of all thymic tumors. His diagnosis usually easy, can be difficult with an unusual radio clinic pattern, but actually get benefice from progress in radiologic investigations especially MRI. We reported a case of a 36-year old woman, admitted for a left pleuro-pneumopathy investigation. Evolution, after antibiotic treatment and pleural effusion draining, was well. However, patient developed systolic aortic murmur and a chest-X-ray cardiomegaly supposing cardiologic dysfunction. But the normality of cardiac sonography, the ascension of diaphragma and non-specific thoracic sonographic pattern, guided to thoracic MRI. This exploration demonstrated a giant thymolipoma, which was confirmed by the histologic examination of a resected mass.

[Diagnosis of non-severe pulmonary embolism by a decision analysis-based strategy in pulmonary hospital recruted-patients]. / Application d'un algorithme decisionnel au diagnostic de l'embolie pulmonaire non grave en milieu pneumologique: Résultats d'une étude prospective de 40 cas.

We have study prospectively cases of non severe pulmonary embolism in a pulmonary department by an analysis based strategy associating radio-clinical probability, venous ultra sonography, D-Dimers value followed, if no performed diagnosis, by pulmonary scintigraphy or angio-CT scan. 64 cases of pulmonary embolism suspicion have been hospitalised in our department between October 1998 and July 2001; 40 patients was included in our study and have been classified in 3 groups regarding pre test clinical probability. Anticoagulant treatment has been initialised only in the third group (probability >80%) Clinical probability associated with venous ultra sonography and D- Dimeres value allow or exclude pulmonary embolism diagnosis in 27 patients. In the others, scintigraphy and angio CT scan were necessary for establishing diagnosis. Application of this algorithm allow diagnosis of pulmonary embolism in 29 patients and exclude this pathology in the other 11. None of this patient complained from recurrent thrombo embolic accident during 17 to 42 months observance period.