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PURPOSE: To investigate causes of childhood blindness in the United States using the IRIS® Registry (Intelligent Research in Sight). DESIGN: Cross-sectional study. PARTICIPANTS: Patients ≤ 18 years of age with visual acuity (VA) 20/200 or worse in their better-seeing eye in the IRIS Registry during 2018. METHODS: Causes of blindness were classified by anatomic site and specific diagnoses. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Percentages of causes of blindness. RESULTS: Of 81 164 children with 2018 VA data in the IRIS Registry, 961 (1.18%) had VA 20/200 or worse in their better-seeing eye. Leading causes of blindness were retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in 301 patients (31.3%), nystagmus in 78 patients (8.1%), and cataract in 64 patients (6.7%). The retina was the leading anatomic site (47.7%) followed by optic nerve (11.6%) and lens (10.0%). A total of 52.4% of patients had treatable causes of blindness. CONCLUSIONS: This analysis offers a unique cross-sectional view of childhood blindness in the United States using a clinical data registry. More than one-half of blind patients had a treatable cause of blindness. FINANCIAL DISCLOSURE(S): Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
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Catarata , Personas con Daño Visual , Niño , Recién Nacido , Humanos , Estados Unidos/epidemiología , Estudios Transversales , Ceguera/epidemiología , Ceguera/etiología , Catarata/complicaciones , Sistema de RegistrosRESUMEN
The use of organic fertilisers and soil amendments are almost universally recommended for improving the organic matter levels and maintaining soil health, but few studies documenting the actual availability and quality of such materials on smallholder farms are available. We selected a case study of 300 households from northern and southern Bangladesh to assess the types of waste materials available for recycling and their usage patterns at household level and we applied a novel approach to empirically identify household waste as input inefficiency in a production context. Northern districts have highly intensive farming systems whereas southern districts have low intensity farming. The total amount of agricultural waste produced at household level was estimated at 822 kg per month. Cow dung contributed about 65% of the total waste followed by animal feed refusal waste (11%), garbage (7%) and kitchen waste (6%). Most of the farmers utilised cow dung and wastes as organic fertiliser and lesser amounts as cooking fuel. Econometric analysis shows that the number of cattle and small ruminant per holding, total area of cultivated land and family size were significant factors that influence the amount of waste production at household level. Each household can reduce the chemical fertiliser cost by Tk. 1463 (US$ 17.84) per month by using compost prepared from household waste. There were ample opportunities for compost/vermicomposting and potential markets. The Department of Agricultural Extension from the public sector and private sector agents might motivate farmers to harvest the potential benefits of agricultural waste through effective management and utilisation.
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Agricultura , Fertilizantes , Animales , Bangladesh , Bovinos , Femenino , Reciclaje , SueloRESUMEN
We performed pathological and molecular virological investigation of three outbreaks of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) in a quail farm and two duck farms of Mymensingh and Netrokona districts of Bangladesh in 2011. HPAI viruses of subtype H5N1 were detected from all three outbreaks and phylogenetic analysis of HA gene sequence placed the viruses into clade 2.3.2.1. The outbreak in the quail farm was characterized by acute death with 100% mortality within two days. Marked haemorrhages and congestion with necrotic and inflammatory lesions in the respiratory tract, liver, pancreas and kidneys were the major gross and histopathological lesions. In the case of ducks, nervous signs were the remarkable clinical manifestations and the mortality was around 10%. No significant gross lesions were observed at necropsy. Non-purulent encephalitis with gliosis and neuronal degeneration was observed on histopathological examination. By immunohistochemistry, viral antigen could be detected in different organs of both quails and ducks. This study records varying clinical and pathological manifestations of HPAI in ducks and quails following natural infection with the same strain of the virus. RESEARCH HIGHLIGHTS HPAIV of clade 2.3.2.1 was detected from clinical outbreaks in quails and ducks Sudden death with severe haemorrhages in various organs was found in quails Pronounced nervous signs with non-purulent encephalitis were observed in ducks Viral antigen could be localized in different organs by immunohistochemistry.
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Antígenos Virales/inmunología , Patos/virología , Gripe Aviar/patología , Codorniz/virología , Animales , Bangladesh/epidemiología , Subtipo H5N1 del Virus de la Influenza A/inmunología , Gripe Aviar/epidemiología , Gripe Aviar/virología , FilogeniaRESUMEN
Objective: Newcastle disease virus genotype VII (NDV-GVII), an extremely infectious pathogen, has been causing severe economic consequences for the chicken industry. The current study aimed to isolate and characterize NDV-GVII from commercial chickens in Bangladesh during a recent outbreak. Materials and Methods: From clinically suspected chickens from 70 commercial poultry farms, a total of 420 samples (trachea, lungs, and brain tissue) were collected. The samples were cultivated in 9-10 day-old seronegative embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) after evaluating them using the rapid Newcastle disease virus (NDV) antigen detection kit. The hemagglutination (HA) inhibition test, agar gel immune diffusion (AGID) test, molecular detection by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and phylogenetic studies using gene sequences of fusion (F) protein. The HA pattern of isolated NDV was determined using different avian and mammalian red blood cells (RBCs). The pathogenicity of the isolated virus was evaluated using mean death time (MDT), intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI), and intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI). Results: The study found 87 NDV samples positive using the rapid NDV Ag detection kit and then 60 positives for virus isolation in ECEs. All 60 isolates were positive for NDV by HI, AGID, and RT-PCR. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that recent NDV isolates belong to genotype VII and exhibit a similarity of 99.7%-98.5% with isolates from Bangladesh, Iran, and India. The new isolates, identified as velogenic strains of NDV, possess an F protein cleavage site with 112-R-T-K-R-F-117 amino acid motifs. The isolated NDV showed diversified HA activity while using RBCs from birds and mammals. The results of ICPI, IVPI, and MDT indicated that the recent NDV isolates were very virulent. Conclusion: This study concluded that NDV-GVII is prevalent in commercial poultry farms in Bangladesh.
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Objective: Infectious laryngotracheitis virus (ILTV) is responsible for causing infectious laryngotracheitis (ILT), which is a rapidly spreading and extremely transmissible disease in chickens. The current research aims to isolate and characterize ILTV from layer chickens in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods: A total of 345 samples (trachea, larynx, and lungs) were collected from ILT-suspected dead and sick layer chickens of 32 ILT-suspected farms in three different outbreak districts (Gazipur, Tangail, and Mymensingh) of Bangladesh during the outbreak year 2021-2022. Rapid detection kits examined the samples for avian influenza virus (AIV) and Newcastle disease virus (NDV). ILTV-specific primers were used to screen 72 NDV- and AIV-negative samples by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Using chorioallantoic membrane (CAM), the study isolated the ILT virus from 9 to 10-day-old seronegative embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) using selected PCR-positive samples. The virus was confirmed using nucleotide sequencing, agar gel immunodiffusion test (AGIDT), viral neutralization test (VNT), and pathogenicity evaluations using mortality index for chicken embryos (MICEs) and intra-tracheal pathogenicity index (ITPI). Results: The results indicated that among the PCR-positive 10 samples, only two (Alim_ILT_1001 and Alim_ILT_1,000) were found positive using ECEs. There were two field isolates of ILTVs, as shown by the amplicon size of the ICP4 gene-based PCR. A phylogenetic study of the ICP4 gene revealed that the recent isolates have a close similarity with the ILTV isolates of Turkey, Bangladesh, and Australia. AGIDT revealed strong precipitation lines due to ILTV-specific antibodies reacting with field viruses, while VNT neutralized both isolates with conventional ILTV antibodies. The pathogenicity testing indicated that Alim_ILT_1001 had MICE and ITPI values of 0.77 and 0.63, whereas Alim_ILT_1,000 had 0.71 and 0.57. Conclusion: Both the ILTV isolates have similarities with the isolates of Turkey, Bangladesh, and Australia, and they are highly virulent for chickens.
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Avian infectious bronchitis (AIB) is a highly transmissible infection that affects the poultry industry globally. This study aims to isolate and characterize emerging strains of infectious bronchitis virus (IBV) from field samples of layer chickens in Bangladesh. A total of 108 samples (trachea, lung, and kidney) were taken from dead and sick layer chickens from 18 farms in 4 areas detecting outbreaks in Bangladesh. The samples were processed and inoculated in embryonated chicken eggs (ECEs) and finally screened by the trypsin-induced hemagglutination (THA) test. Using various techniques such as hemagglutination inhibition (HI), agar gel immuno-diffusion (AGID), virus neutralization test (VNT), reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and nucleotide sequencing, we were able to identify and confirm the isolated IBV viruses. The study also determined the hemagglutination (HA) pattern of isolated virus using avian and mammalian red blood cells. The pathogenicity of the isolated IBV was determined using embryonated chicken eggs and day-old chicks. The study found that 8 samples were positive for IBV using ECEs, and 4 were positive by the THA test. These isolates were confirmed using HI, AGID, and VN tests. S1 gene-based RT-PCR confirmed all four isolates as IBV, with the recent isolates belonging to the genotype-QX and being similar to IBV isolates from Thailand, Saudi Arabia, and India. The HA pattern of the recent isolates showed that the isolated IBV was virulent. The pathogenicity test also revealed that the four isolates were highly pathogenic. The study indicated that the prevalent genotype (QX) of the IBV strain is present in the layer chicken population of Bangladesh.
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Mobile phones have emerged as the predominant technology in developing countries, especially within agricultural enterprises. This research investigates the influence of mobile phone utilization on the empowerment of female entrepreneurs in rural farming communities. Data were gathered from 150 female agricultural entrepreneurs in the rural regions of Bangladesh. The empowerment of these women was assessed across five dimensions: economic, social, technological, psychological, and political. The findings indicate that the composite empowerment index was notably higher at 61.92% post-mobile phone adoption, in contrast to 37.47% prior to its use. This underscores the positive impact of mobile phone utilization on the empowerment of rural female farmers. The research highlighted significant enhancements in all five empowerment dimensions, with these augmentations being statistically meaningful. The most pronounced improvement was observed in economic empowerment, while political empowerment witnessed the least growth. Furthermore, the shifts were profoundly correlated with the other three dimensions: social, technological, and psychological. The evidence establishes a link between mobile phone adoption by rural female farmers and their subsequent empowerment, with empowerment metrics showing a steady rise from the low-usage to the high-usage categories. Consequently, the correlation is positive. The results advocate that mobile phone utilization assists rural female farmers in augmenting their empowerment. It is thus recommended that policymakers and developmental organizations prioritize mobile technology as a tool to empower rural women in Bangladesh. This can be realized by enhancing accessibility, confronting socio-cultural barriers, and fostering digital literacy.
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Objective: Whole genome sequencing (WGS) of Aeromonas veronii Alim_AV_1000 isolated from ulcerative lesions of Shing fish (stringing catfish; Heteropneustes fossilis) was performed during the outbreak year 2021. Materials and Methods: Using next-generation sequencing (Illumina) technology, WGS was accomplished, resulting in the sequencing, assembly, and analysis of the entire genome of the A. veronii strain. Moreover, the genomic features, virulence factors, antimicrobial resistome, and phylogenetic analysis for the molecular evolution of this strain were also examined. Results: The genome size of the A. veronii Alim_AV_1000 strain was 4,494,515 bp, with an average G+C content of 58.87%. Annotation revealed the known transporters and genes linked to virulence, drug targets, and antimicrobial resistance. Conclusion: The findings of the phylogenetic analysis revealed that the strain of the present study has a close relationship with the China strain TH0426 and strain B56. This study provides novel information on A. veronii isolated from Shing fish in Bangladesh.
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Coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) are deadly and infectious disease that impacts individuals in a variety of ways. Scientists have stepped up their attempts to find an antiviral drug that targets the spike protein (S) of Angiotensin converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) (receptor protein) as a viable therapeutic target for coronavirus. The most recent study examines the potential antagonistic effects of 17 phytochemicals present in the plant extraction of Euphorbia neriifolia on the anti-SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 protein. Computational techniques like molecular docking, absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, and toxicity (ADMET) investigations, and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation analysis were used to investigate the actions of these phytochemicals. The results of molecular docking studies showed that the control ligand (2-acetamido-2-deoxy-ß-D-glucopyranose) had a binding potential of -6.2 kcal/mol, but the binding potentials of delphin, ß-amyrin, and tulipanin are greater at -10.4, 10.0, and -9.6 kcal/mol. To verify their drug-likeness, the discovered hits were put via Lipinski filters and ADMET analysis. According to MD simulations of the complex run for 100 numbers, delphin binds to the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 receptor's active region with good stability. In root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) and root mean square fluctuation (RMSF) calculations, delphinan, ß-amyrin, and tulipanin showed reduced variance with the receptor binding domain subunit 1(RBD S1) ACE2 protein complex. The solvent accessible surface area (SASA), radius of gyration (Rg), molecular surface area (MolSA), and polar surface area (PSA) validation results for these three compounds were likewise encouraging. The convenient binding energies across the 100 numbers binding period were discovered by using molecular mechanics of generalized born and surface (MM/GBSA) to estimate the ligand-binding free energies to the protein receptor. All things considered, the information points to a greater likelihood of chemicals found in Euphorbia neriifolia binding to the SARS-CoV-2 ACE2 active site. To determine these lead compounds' anti-SARS-CoV-2 potential, in vitro and in vivo studies should be conducted. How to cite this article: Islam MN, Pramanik MEA, Hossain MA, et al. Identification of Leading Compounds from Euphorbia Neriifolia (Dudsor) Extracts as a Potential Inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2 ACE2-RBDS1 Receptor Complex: An Insight from Molecular Docking ADMET Profiling and MD-simulation Studies. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2023;13(2):89-107.
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The Motile Aeromonas Septicemia (MAS) is an important disease of cultured catfishes (Heteropneustes fossilis, Clarias batrachus and Pangasius pangasius), caused by different species of Aeromonas bacteria which have been documented to be higher death rates (≤70%) in Bangladesh since 2016. Present study was conducted to develop bi-valent vaccine using A. hydrophila and A. veronii, and to validate their efficacy via intra-muscular (IM) and oral-routes of immunization in selected species of fishes. Brood fishes of the three species were immunized with three doses of inactivated vaccine (107 CFU /2.3 mg/ml). Hematological parameters of brood fishes and antibody levels (IgM) of broods, their larvae and eggs were determined by ELISA. Additionally, Relative Percent Survivability (RPS) and the IgM levels of the larvae after challenge with virulent A. hydrophila and A. veronii were also evaluated. Findings of this study showed that the lymphocytes, monocytes, granulocytes counts and antibody (IgM) titre of brood fishes, larvae and eggs from the vaccinated fishes were found significantly higher (p< 0.05) compared to the un-vaccinated control groups. Alternatively, antibody levels (IgM) in the larvae of vaccinated group of brood fishes fed with antigen coated feed was exhibited to be remarkably higher (p< 0.05) than the antigen non-fed group. The RPS of larvae of Shing (91.24 ± 2.00%), Magur (88.09 ± 2.88%) and Pangas (93.17 ± 1.52%) was found to be higher in the larvae at 20-day age of vaccinated group compared to non-vaccinated brood fishes group. Findings of this study indicated that the active immunization of brood fishes followed by oral immunization of their larvae feeding with antigen coated feed showed synergistic effect in protecting cultured Shing, Magur and Pangas fishes from frequent attack with Aeromonas spp at any age of their lifetime.
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Coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) has shattered the public health delivery system of most of the countries of the world. COVID-19 displays variable clinical presentations. The severe COVID-19 represents a fulminant pathological condition and most of the patients run a downhill course if extensive medical measures are not adopted. The major challenges about COVID-19 are related to develop strategies to manage huge populations of mild and moderate cases of COVID-19 with two realistic purposes: (1) early negativity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus and (2) arrest of progression of moderate COVID-19 patients from developing severe complications. Although several medications have been repurposed for these purposes, none of these have passed the test of time in global perspective. Thus, there remains a pressing need to develop new and novel innovative management strategies for these patients as new variants of SARS-CoV-2 have been destroying the normal public health delivery system of different countries from time to time. The study presented here has checked the safety and efficacy of a herbal medication, leaves of Euphorbia neriifolia Linn (E. neriifolia), in mild and moderate COVID-19 patients. Sixty patients (30 mild COVID-19 and 30 moderate COVID-19) were enrolled in the study. Fifteen mild COVID-19 patients received standard of care (SOC) management, and the remaining 15 patients received SOC plus E. neriifolia. The moderate COVID-19 patients similarly received either SOC (N = 15) or SOC plus E. neriifolia (N = 15). Although there were marked diversity regarding biochemical parameters of these patients at entry, the moderate COVID-19 patients receiving E. neriifolia showed decrease in C-reactive protein and D-dimer and increase in oxygen saturation 7 days after trial commencement. However, these improvements were not detected in moderate COVID-19 patients receiving SOC. Hospital staying was significantly lower in both mild and moderate COVID-19 patients receiving SOC plus E. neriifolia than those receiving only SOC. Taken together, it may be proposed that usage of E. neriifolia may have beneficial effects regarding management for COVID-19 patients, especially for those in developing and resource-constrained countries, although a conclusive statement may not be given due to small sample size. This herbal medication is also pertinent in the context of emergence of OMICRON variant of COVID-19 as the overload of SARS-CoV-2-infecetd patients may be addressed considerably by this medication without hospitalization, if proper communication between patients and physicians can be ensured. How to cite this article: Pramanik MEA, Miah MMZ, Ahmed I, et al. Euphorbia neriifolia Leaf Juice on Mild and Moderate COVID-19 Patients: Implications in OMICRON Era. Euroasian J Hepato-Gastroenterol 2022;12(1):10-18.
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Diabetic wounds often indicate chronic complications that are difficult to treat. Unfortunately, existing conventional treatment modalities often cause unpremeditated side effects, given the need to develop alternative therapeutic phenotypes that are safe or have minimal side effects and risks. Nanotechnology-based platforms, including nanotherapeutics, nanoparticles (NPs), nanofibers, nanohydrogels, and nanoscaffolds, have garnered attention for their groundbreaking potential to decipher the biological environment and offer personalized treatment methods for wound healing. These nanotechnology-based platforms can successfully overcome the impediments posed by drug toxicity, existing treatment modalities, and the physiology and complexity of the wound sites. Furthermore, studies have shown that they play an essential role in influencing angiogenesis, collagen production, and extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis, which are integral in skin repair mechanisms. In this review, we emphasized the importance of various nanotechnology-based platforms for healing diabetic wounds and report on the innovative preclinical and clinical outcomes of different nanotechnology-based platforms. This review also outlined the limitations of existing conventional treatment modalities and summarized the physiology of acute and chronic diabetic wounds.
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Diabetes Mellitus , Nanofibras , Diabetes Mellitus/tratamiento farmacológico , Matriz Extracelular , Humanos , Nanotecnología , Cicatrización de HeridasRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Present research aims to isolate, identify, and determine the virulence of the Streptococcus agalactiae (group B Streptococcus; GBS), isolated from popped eye disease affected Tilapia and Vietnamese Koi (V. Koi) fishes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A total of 330 fish samples were collected, of which Tilapia (n = 180) and V. Koi (n = 150), were collected from 35 affected ponds of four selected districts of Bangladesh. Isolation of the bacterium was done using different culture media (Nutrient broth, Plate count agar, Tryptic Soy Agar, and Blood agar), and identification by using various biochemical tests (conventional and using API 20 Strep kit) and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using primers against 16S rRNA gene of S. agalactiae. Antibiotic susceptibility of the bacteria was performed using seven different antibiotics disc (Tetracycline, Oxytetracycline, Chlortetracycline, Streptomycin, Ciprofloxacin, Gentamicin, and Neomycin). Virulence of the isolated S. agalactiae was determined by infecting healthy Tilapia and V. Koi fishes through experimental infection. RESULTS: Isolated bacteria were found Gram-positive paired and chained cocci, ß-hemolytic and non-motile. Findings of biochemical and serological tests indicate that the isolated bacterium belongs to Group B Streptococcus of Lancefield classification. PCR result also confirmed that the bacteria were S. agalactiae. The bacterial isolates possessed resistance property against all the seven antibiotics used in this study. The isolated GBS was found highly virulent and showed 80%-90% mortality for Tilapia and V. Koi fishes in experimental infection within 1-6 days of post-infection. CONCLUSION: From the findings of this study, it may be concluded that isolated GBS from the Tilapia and V. Koi fishes were highly virulent and possessed multidrug-resistance properties.
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The development of reliable methods to diagnose acute kidney injury is essential to allow the adoption of early therapeutic interventions and evaluate their effectiveness. Based on the fact that kidney injury molecule-1 (KIM-1) expression levels in kidneys are markedly upregulated early after a damage event, here we developed a noninvasive KIM-1-based molecular imaging technique to detect kidney injury. First, we took advantage of a phage-display platform to select small peptides demonstrating a specific high binding affinity to KIM-1. The promising candidate was conjugated with fluorescent probes, and its imaging potential was validated in vitro and in vivo. This peptide, with the sequence CNRRRA, not only showed a high imaging potential in vitro, allowing a strong detection of KIM-1 expressing cells by microscopy and flow cytometry but also generated a strong kidney-specific signal in live-imaging in vivo experiments in the context of a drug-induced kidney-injury mouse model. Our data overall suggest that the CNRRRA peptide is a promising probe to use in the context of in vivo imaging for the detection of KIM-1 overexpression in damaged kidneys.
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Lesión Renal Aguda/diagnóstico por imagen , Lesión Renal Aguda/genética , Receptor Celular 1 del Virus de la Hepatitis A/metabolismo , Péptidos/metabolismo , Lesión Renal Aguda/patología , Animales , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Humanos , RatonesRESUMEN
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE: Aeginetia indica (Linn.), commonly known as aankuri bankuri, guan-jen-huang, forest ghost flower, dok din daeng, dapong tubo; is a root parasitic plant of the Orobanchaceae family native to South and South-East Asian region. Different parts of the plant are traditionally used to treat fever, pain, inflammation, arthritis, cough, diabetes, and chronic liver disease. Local practitioners often recommend this plant as a folk remedy for dermal swelling, painful menstrual periods, wounds, and knee pain. However, the antipyretic and analgesic activity of A. indica have never been investigated. AIM OF THE STUDY: The present study was aimed to evaluate the analgesic and antipyretic potential of Aeginetia indica plant extract to verify its effectiveness as reported in traditional uses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Preliminary phytochemical analysis of Aeginetia indica crude extract was performed using previously established methods and antioxidant capacity was determined by phosphomolybdenum assay. In vivo analgesic activity of Aeginetia indica methanol extract (AiME) was evaluated by acetic acid-induced writhing test, formalin-induced paw licking test, and hot plate test model. The antipyretic activity was studied in Baker's yeast induced pyrexia model. RESULTS: Phytochemicals screening revealed cardiac glycosides, saponins, phenols, tannins, and flavonoids in the crude extract of Aeginetia indica. Total phenolic and flavonoid content were recorded as 101 ± 1.1 mg GAE/g of the extract and 35 ± 0.8 mg QE/g of the extract, respectively. The total antioxidant capacity observed in phosphomolybdenum assay was 68.3 ± 1.3 mg ascorbic acid equivalent per gram of the extract. AiME showed significant dose-dependent analgesic activity against acetic acid-induced writhing, formalin-induced paw licking, and hot plate pain model. A higher dose of A. indica (200 mg/kg) produced significant (P < 0.001) inhibition of writhing by 69% whereas, standard aspirin showed maximum 85.6% inhibition. AiME at all doses showed a significant (P < 0.001) decrease of paw licking time in both early neurogenic and late inflammatory pain phase of formalin-induced licking test. In the hot plate test, AiME at a 200 mg/kg dose produced antinociceptive activity (55.18%) higher than the standard ketorolac (49.88%) at 1 h. However, after 2 h, ketorolac showed a maximum effect of 62.66% and AiME 200 mg/kg showed a 60.24% effect. A significant (P < 0.001) reduction of rectal temperature (4.54 °F↓) was recorded for AiME 200 mg/kg, which was higher than the standard paracetamol (3.86 F°↓) after 24 h of treatment. CONCLUSION: The in vivo investigational studies' results demonstrated promising analgesic and antipyretic activities of A. indica, which supported the claim of its folk uses.
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Analgésicos/farmacología , Antipiréticos/farmacología , Orobanchaceae/química , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Ácido Acético/toxicidad , Analgésicos/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antioxidantes/farmacología , Antioxidantes/uso terapéutico , Antipiréticos/uso terapéutico , Conducta Animal/efectos de los fármacos , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Fiebre/inducido químicamente , Fiebre/tratamiento farmacológico , Flavonoides/análisis , Medicina Tradicional , Metanol/química , Ratones , Dolor/inducido químicamente , Dolor/tratamiento farmacológico , Fenoles/análisis , Fitoquímicos/análisis , Extractos Vegetales/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéuticoRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Cervical cancer is a gynecological health problem, affecting nearly 500,000 women each year worldwide. Genome-wide association studies have revealed multiple susceptible genes and their polymorphisms for cervical carcinoma risk. We have carried out this case-control study to investigate the association of INSIG2 rs6726538 (A; T), HLA-DRB1 rs9272143 (T; C), and GCNT1P5 rs7780883 (G; A) with cervical cancer. METHODS: The present study recruited 234 cervical cancer patients as cases and 212 healthy females as controls. We have applied the tetra-primer amplification refractory mutation system polymerase chain reaction (T-ARMS-PCR) method for genotyping. RESULTS: The SNP rs6726538 was significantly associated with increased risk of cervical cancer in all genetic models (AT vs. AA: OR = 3.30, 95% CI = 2.19-4.97, p < 0.0001; TT vs. AA: OR = 8.72, 95% CI = 3.87-19.7, p < 0.0001; AT+TT vs. AA: OR = 3.87, 95% CI = 2.61-5.73, p < 0.0001; T vs. A: OR = 2.97, 95% CI = 2.20-4.01, p < 0.0001) except the recessive model which showed a significantly reduced risk (TT vs. AA+AT: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09-0.44, p = 0.0001). rs9272143 showed significantly reduced risk for the additive model 1, dominant model, and allelic model (TC vs. TT: OR = 0.46, 95% CI = 0.31-0.70, p = 0.0004; TC+CC vs. TT: OR = 0.47 95% CI = 0.32-0.70, p = 0.0002; C vs. T: OR = 0.56, 95% CI = 0.40-0.78, p = 0.0006, respectively). The third variant, rs7780883, was significantly associated with increased risk in additive model 2, dominant, and allelic models (AA vs. GG: OR = 5.08, 95% CI = 2.45-10.5, p < 0.0001; GA+AA vs. GG: OR = 1.54, 95% CI = 1.06-2.24, p = 0.0237; A vs. G: OR = 1.88, 95% CI = 1.34-2.52, p < 0.0001, consecutively), whereas recessive model reduced the risk of cervical cancer (AA vs. GG+GA: OR = 0.20, 95% CI = 0.09-0.41, p < 0.0001). Other models of these SNPs were not associated with cervical cancer. All significant associations for three SNPs withstand after Bonferroni correction except the additive model 2 of rs7780883. CONCLUSION: Our study concludes that INSIG2 rs6726538, HLA-DRB1 rs9272143, and GCNT1P5 rs7780883 polymorphisms may contribute to the development of cervical cancer in the Bangladeshi population.
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Predisposición Genética a la Enfermedad , Cadenas HLA-DRB1/genética , Péptidos y Proteínas de Señalización Intracelular/genética , Proteínas de la Membrana/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/genética , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Intervalos de Confianza , Femenino , Estudio de Asociación del Genoma Completo , Técnicas de Genotipaje , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Oportunidad Relativa , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Polimorfismo de Nucleótido Simple , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/patologíaRESUMEN
CD44v6, a splice variant of the cell surface glycoprotein CD44, acts as a co-receptor for c-Met and is upregulated in tumors with high metastatic potential. Methods: We screened a phage-displayed peptide library for peptides that selectively bind to CD44v6-overexpressing cells and exploited them to block CD44v6 and deliver a pro-apoptotic peptide to tumors for cancer therapy. Results: CNLNTIDTC (NLN) and CNEWQLKSC (NEW) peptides bound preferentially to CD44v6-high cells than to CD44v6-low cells. The binding affinities of NLN and NEW to CD44v6 protein were 253 ± 79 and 85 ± 18 nM, respectively. Peptide binding to CD44v6-high cells was inhibited by the knockdown of CD44v6 gene expression and competition with an anti-CD44v6 antibody. A pull-down assay with biotin-labeled peptides enriched CD44v6 from cell lysates. NLN and NEW induced CD44v6 internalization and inhibited hepatocyte growth factor-induced c-Met internalization, c-Met and Erk phosphorylation, and cell migration and invasion. In mice harboring tumors, intravenously administered NLN and NEW homed to the tumors and inhibited metastasis to the lungs. When combined with crizotinib, a c-Met inhibitor, treatment with each peptide inhibited metastatic growth more efficiently than each peptide or crizotinib alone. In addition, KLAKLAKKLAKLAK pro-apoptotic peptide guided by NLN (NLN-KLA) or NEW (NEW-KLA) killed tumor cells and inhibited tumor growth and metastasis. No significant systemic side effects were observed after treatments. Conclusions: These results suggest that NLN and NEW are promising metastasis-inhibiting peptide therapeutics and targeting moieties for CD44v6-expressing metastases.
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Apoptosis/efectos de los fármacos , Proliferación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Receptores de Hialuranos/metabolismo , Metástasis de la Neoplasia/prevención & control , Péptidos/farmacología , Inhibidores de Proteínas Quinasas/farmacología , Animales , Línea Celular , Línea Celular Tumoral , Movimiento Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Crizotinib/farmacología , Femenino , Células HEK293 , Factor de Crecimiento de Hepatocito/metabolismo , Humanos , Sistema de Señalización de MAP Quinasas/efectos de los fármacos , Células MCF-7 , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Ratones Desnudos , Proteínas Proto-Oncogénicas c-met/metabolismo , Regulación hacia Arriba/efectos de los fármacosRESUMEN
PURPOSE: It is almost a common practice in Bangladesh to indiscriminately discharge effluent into the nearby wetlands, crop fields and water bodies. So, contamination occurs from water to food chain through soil and field crops. This study therefore assesses the impact of industrial effluent on water, soil and rice production taking Turag river bank as a case study, which located in the most thickly industrialized area of Bangladesh. METHODS: The descriptive and diagnostic research design was used in the present study. Eighty farmers were selected as respondents using proportionate stratified random sampling technique. The data were collected using an interview schedule. Impact of industrial effluent contamination was measured based on the extent of change that occurred in soil and water quality, level of insect infestation and, quantity and quality of rice before and after the establishment of industries. Similarly, water samples were collected to examine water quality parameters. Descriptive statistics such as frequency and percent, mean and standard deviation were used to describe and interpret the data, while paired t-test was used to test significant difference. RESULTS: The results revealed that the quality of water and soil, and quality and quantity of rice have differed significantly after the establishment of industries. Surface water was mostly affected (t-value 90.25). Almost all of the respondents (97.5%) stated that there was high insect infestation after the establishment of industries which negatively affects rice production. The water quality parameters test revealed that temperature, total dissolved salts, pH and salinity were within the acceptable limits, while electrical conductivity and heavy metals (Cd, Pb and Ni) were above the acceptable limits. The majority of respondents (77.6%) had favourable to highly favourable perception on the negative impact of industrial effluent contamination on rice production. The major problems faced due to the industrial effluent contamination were pollution, low fertility, increase attack of insect, dermal diseases and low yield. CONCLUSIONS: The establishment of industries has quiet negatively altered soil, water and rice production as buttressed by the evidence based viewpoints of the respondents. Proper treatment of industrial effluent and implementation of environmental act would certainly help overcome the problem.
RESUMEN
Globally, water pollution from the textile industries is an alarming issue. Malachite Green dye of the triphenylmethane group is an extensively used dye in the fabric industries that is emitted through textile wastewater. This study aimed to isolate and characterize potential Malachite Green (MG) dye degrading bacteria from textile effluents. Different growth and culture parameters such as temperature, pH and dye concentration were optimized to perform the dye-degradation assay using different concentrations of MG dye in the mineral salt medium. A photo-electric-colorimeter was used to measure the decolorizing activity of bacteria at different time intervals after aerobic incubation. Two potential bacterial strains of Enterobacter spp. CV-S1 (accession no: MH450229) and Enterobacter spp. CM-S1 (accession no: MH447289) were isolated from textile effluents exhibiting potential MG dye decoloring efficiency. Further, the RAPD analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing confirmed the genetic differences of the isolated strains. Enterobacter sp CV-S1 and Enterobacter sp CM-S1 can completely decolor MG dye up to 15 mg/L under shaking condition without any requirement of sole carbon source. Thus, these two bacteria have the potency to be utilized in the textile wastewater treatment plant.
RESUMEN
Peptides have advantages over antibodies in terms of deep tissue penetration, low immunogenicity, and cost-effective production, but they have short circulation time and poor stability in vivo. Peptides have been extensively used as targeting moieties for the delivery of drug-loaded nanoparticles and function as targeted therapeutics in cancer treatment. Here, we review peptides that are exploited as targeted therapeutics in cancer therapy and apoptosis imaging probes for the monitoring of treatment responses.