RESUMEN
Objective: The purpose of the current study was to examine the effectiveness of green macroalgae as a novel, natural feed additive for broilers that have a greater concentration of active ingredients. Materials and Methods: Four experimental groups of 180-day-old male broiler chicks (Cobb-500) were randomly assigned, with three replicates in each group: the control group [T0, maintained only with basal diet] and three treatment groups supplemented with macroalgae for 35 days along with basal diet [T1 = 0.05% (w/w); T2 = 0.1% (w/w); T3 = 0.2% (w/w) macroalgae]. Live weight, carcass weight, and organs' weight were noted at the conclusion of the experiment. The meat quality was examined using the muscles of the thighs and breasts, and blood serum was obtained for biochemical assessment. Results: The results revealed that dietary supplementation of green macroalgae (0.1%) in broiler rations significantly (p < 0.05) improved the growth performance compared to other treated groups and controls. With increasing weight, it enhanced meat quality traits assessed by increased water holding capacity, ultimate pH, redness and yellowness, and decreased lightness of muscles in the thighs and breasts. Both the levels of serum cholesterol and abdominal fat decreased and showed no unwholesome effects on liver and kidney functions. Conclusion: For the production of safe and high-quality poultry meat, marine green macroalgae (Enteromorpha intestinalis) could be used as a potential feed additive. It enhanced the growth rate in broilers and improved meat quality and serum biochemical parameters for supplying healthy meat in the human food chain.
RESUMEN
SUMMARY: Fixation is a crucial step in processing of tissue specimen for preservation of cellular architecture and composition of cells. Alcohol-based fixatives are considered some of the most promising alternatives to formalin. We evaluated the performance of alcohol-based fixatives (EthMeth and methacarn) and formalin as a comparator fixative in the research laboratory. Following 24 hours of fixation, tissue morphology and cellular details of the liver, spleen and brain (cerebral cortex) were evaluated. Morphological characteristics were evaluated by gross observations and analyzing cellular details, tissue architecture and overall staining characteristics (Hematoxylin and Eosin). EthMeth and methacarn fixation gave generally comparable and satisfactory results on the tissue morphology and subsequent identification of tissue characteristics. Particularly, tissues were well preserved and all nuclear as well as cytoplasmic details were clearly visible. However, formalin fixed tissues showed some peculiarity such as improper fixation, mild shrinkage, and alterations of tissue components. These results confirm that alcohol-based fixation is the superior alternative to formalin for preservation of tissue morphology. However, it is required to standardize the formalin-free methods and harmonize diagnosis in the laboratory worldwide.
RESUMEN: La fijación es un paso crucial en el procesamiento de muestras de tejido para preservar la arquitectura celular y la composición de las células. Los fijadores a base de alcohol se consideran algunas de las alternativas más prometedoras a la formalina. Evaluamos el rendimiento de los fijadores a base de alcohol (EthMeth y metacarn) y formalina como fijador comparativo en el laboratorio de investigación. Después de 24 horas de fijación, se observó la morfología del tejido y los detalles celulares del hígado, bazo y corteza cerebral. Se evaluaron las características morfológicas mediante observaciones generales y analizando detalles celulares, arquitectura de tejidos y características generales de tinción (hematoxilina y eosina). La fijación de EthMeth y metacarn dio resultados generalmente comparables y satisfactorios en la morfología del tejido y la posterior identificación de las características del mismo. Particularmente, los tejidos estaban bien conservados y todos los detalles nucleares y citoplasmáticos eran claramente visibles. Sin embargo, los tejidos fijados con formalina mostraron cierta peculiaridad, tal como una fijación inadecuada, la contracción leve y alteraciones de los componentes del tejido. Estos resultados confirman que la fijación a base de alcohol es la mejor alternativa a la formalina, para preservar la morfología del tejido. Sin embargo, es necesario estandarizar los métodos sin formalina y armonizar el diagnóstico en los laboratorios.
Asunto(s)
Fijación del Tejido/métodos , Alcoholes/química , Fijadores , Formaldehído/química , Cloroformo/química , Ácido Acético/química , Metanol/químicaRESUMEN
Ovary plays the vital role in the reproductive biology and biotechnology of female animals. With the aim to study the ovarian morphometry of Black Bengal goat, both right and left ovaries were collected from the slaughter houses of different Thanas under Mymensingh district. For each of the specimens, gross parameters such as weight, length and width were recorded. Then they were processed and stained with H & E for histomorphometry. Our study revealed that the right ovary (0.53±0.02 g) was heavier than the left (0.52±0.02 g). The length of the right ovary (1.26±0.04 cm) was lower than the left (1.28±0.02 cm) but the width of the right (0.94±0.02 cm) was greater than the left (0.90±0.03 cm). The diameter of ovarian follicles in the cortex was measured as primordial 39.6±6.61 µm, primary single layer 54.0±4.06 µm, primary multi layer 147.6±11.04 µm, secondary with C-shaped antrum 449.5±75.71 µm and tertiary follicle of ovary 1.3±0.20 mm. In the graffian follicle, the thickness of granulosa cell layer was 79.2±11.04 µm, theca interna 75.76±6.82 µm, theca externa 130.07±12.53 µm and the oocyte diameter was 109.8±5.75 µm. These results will be helpful to manipulate ovarian functions in small ruminants.
El ovario desempeña un papel fundamental en la biología de la reproducción y la biotecnología de las hembras. Con el objetivo de estudiar la morfometría de ovario de la cabra Black Bengal se obtuvieron ovarios de ambos lados de diferentes mataderos del distrito de Mymensingh. Para cada uno de los especímenes, se registraron los parámetros de peso, longitud y ancho. Luego fueron procesados y teñidos con H & E para histomorfometría. El ovario derecho (0,53±0,02 g) fue más pesado que el izquierdo (0,52±0,02 g). La longitud del ovario derecho (1,26±0,04 cm) fue inferior al izquierdo (1,28±0,02 cm), pero el ancho del derecho (0,94±0,02 cm) fue mayor que el izquierdo (0,90±0,03 cm). El diámetro de los folículos ováricos en la corteza se midió como primordial 39,6±6,61 µm, de una capa primaria 54,0±4,06 µm, de múltiples capas primarias 147,6±11,04 µm, secundarias con antro en forma de C 449,5±75,71 µm y folículo terciario del ovario 1,3±0,20 mm. En el folículo terciario del ovario, el espesor de la capa de células de la granulosa fue 79,2±11,04 µm, teca interna 75,76±6,82 µm, teca externa 130,07±12,53 µm y el diámetro de los ovocitos fue 109,8±5,75 µm. Estos resultados serán útiles para manipular las funciones de ovario en los pequeños rumiantes.