Illustrations of rheumatoid arthritis symptoms to promote communications between patients and physicians.

OBJECTIVES: To develop an illustrative tool presenting visualized rheumatoid arthritis (RA) symptoms using pictures to promote a better understanding between patients and physicians. METHODS: The tool named 'Okomarigoto Sheet' was developed through an Internet survey of patients with RA and certified rheumatologists by repeated in-person interviews. RESULTS: An Internet survey on the reality of communication between patients with RA and physicians in 200 patients and 200 certified rheumatologists revealed various local and systemic symptoms of RA and difficulties in sharing those symptoms between patients and physicians during a short consultation. Interviews from patients and certified rheumatologists suggested that illustrations of symptoms would be helpful for better communication between them; therefore, an illustrative tool presenting visualized RA symptoms was drafted. The draft illustrations were refined through multiple rounds of interviews with the patients. The final version of the tool was discussed and evaluated at a joint meeting of patients and rheumatologists. CONCLUSIONS: A picture sheet presenting RA symptoms was developed. Future prospective studies should evaluate the usefulness of the sheet in clinical practice to promote better communication between patients and physicians.

Patients' perspectives of rheumatoid arthritis treatment: a questionnaire survey for the 2020 update of the Japan college of rheumatology clinical practice guidelines.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate patients' opinions regarding their rheumatoid arthritis (RA) therapy and to reflect the patients' perspectives in the 2020 update of the Japan College of Rheumatology clinical practice guidelines. METHODS: A self-administered questionnaire was mailed to 1600 members of the Japan Rheumatology Friendship Association, who were randomly selected by age and prefecture. RESULTS: A total of 1156 patients returned the questionnaire (response rate, 72.3%; mean age, 63.0 ± 11.9 years). Those who reported having discussed their treatment goals with their doctors (450 respondents, 38.9%) were more likely to be satisfied with their current medical care (odds ratio, 7.13; 95% CI 4.72-10.8) compared with those who had not discussed their goals nor had them explained (287 respondents, 24.8%). The benefits exceeded the adverse effects for all pharmacotherapy (methotrexate, corticosteroids, conventional synthetic antirheumatic drugs, biological agents, Janus kinase inhibitor, and anti-RANKL antibodies). However, while 74.2% of the respondents using biological agents perceived that 'the favorable aspects outweighed the unfavorable aspects,' most of those taking anti-RANKL antibodies (69.2%) felt uncertain. CONCLUSIONS: The questionnaire successfully collected information regarding patients' perceptions regarding their therapy. Further implementation of treat-to-target is necessary in Japan to improve patient satisfaction.

Patient satisfaction with total joint replacement surgery for rheumatoid arthritis: a questionnaire survey for the 2020 update of the Japan college of rheumatology clinical practice guidelines.

OBJECTIVE: This study aimed to evaluate satisfaction with total joint replacement (TJR) surgery among patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: We mailed questionnaires to randomly selected members of the Japan Rheumatism Friendship Association, stratified by age and prefecture, throughout Japan. The questionnaire collected demographic and clinical characteristics as well as patients' satisfaction with TJR and their current therapy. RESULTS: Of the 1156 patients who returned the questionnaire, 339 (29.3%) responded that they had had TJR of any type. The mean age was 66.6 years, and 94.4% were women. The mean time period from the hip and knee TJR was 14-15 years. Over half of the patients who had had TJR were satisfied with the results, especially those who had had hip (89.6%) and knee TJR (87.3%), who reported a high level of satisfaction. Multivariable linear regression analysis revealed that, in patients with knee TJR, satisfaction with current therapy was significantly related to whether they were satisfied with the results of the surgery. CONCLUSION: Most patients with RA who had undergone TJR were satisfied with the results even after a long period of time, and their level of satisfaction was associated with their satisfaction with current therapy.

Efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in patients with rheumatoid arthritis - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of tacrolimus in adult patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by using the GRADE approach. METHODS: We searched PubMed, Japana Centra Revuo Medicina Web (Ichu-shi web), and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews. Articles fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria were appraised and used for meta-analysis. The primary outcomes were American College of Rheumatology 20 (ACR20) and serum creatinine elevation. Other outcomes included ACR50, ACR70, changes in C-reactive protein, modified Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index, gastrointestinal disorders, metabolic and nutritional disorders, and infections and infestations. RESULTS: We identified five randomized controlled studies, four of which compared tacrolimus to placebo and were included in the meta-analysis. The risk ratio of ACR20 achievement was 1.71 (95% confidence interval [CI] 1.20-2.42) for 1-2 mg/day and 2.30 (95% CI 1.79-2.96) for 3 mg/day. The risk ratio of creatinine elevation was 1.95 (95% CI 1.18-3.23) for 1-2 mg/day and 3.81 (95% CI 2.43-5.99) for 3 mg/day. CONCLUSION: Tacrolimus is effective with acceptable safety in the management of RA.

Integrating patients' perceptions into clinical practice guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis in Japan.

OBJECTIVE: Patients' values and preferences are among the key factors that determine the strength of recommendations presented in clinical practice guidelines (CPG). The aim of this study was to summarize the integration process for patients' perceptions into the development of CPG for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management in Japan. METHODS: We used a mixed-methods approach. Questionnaires that could be self-administered were mailed to 2222 RA patients randomly selected from the Japan Rheumatism Friendship Association (JRFA) membership list that was age- and prefecture-stratified. A focus group with five JRFA executive members was formed to verify the results of the questionnaire. RESULTS: A total of 1470 patients aged 20-79 years old returned the questionnaire. Analysis of the questionnaire data revealed that the topics selected by the CPG task force met the patients' needs. The focus group participants showed reluctance to use the term 'preference' because patients would not want to take any medications but would have to take them out of necessity. CONCLUSIONS: We confirmed that the new CPG successfully addressed clinical issues that were important to both rheumatologists and patients. Clinicians should understand patients' reluctance to take medications and explain the role of each medication well to increase adherence.

The process of collecting and evaluating evidences for the development of Guidelines for the management of rheumatoid arthritis, Japan College of Rheumatology 2014: Utilization of GRADE approach.

OBJECTIVES: To describe the process of collecting and evaluating evidence for treating rheumatoid arthritis (RA) for developing clinical practice guidelines (CPGs) for rheumatologists in Japan. METHODS: The task force comprised rheumatologists, epidemiologists, health economists, and patients. First, the critical outcomes were determined according to a three-round Delphi method, and eight topics with 88 clinical questions (CQs) were formulated. A systematic review of CQs was conducted using the Cochran Database of Systematic Reviews, MEDLINE, and Japana Centra Revvo Medicina (2003-2012). A questionnaire survey and focus group interview were performed to capture the patients' values and preferences. Data from the National Health Insurance drug price list and product information provided by pharmaceutical companies were collected to evaluate drug cost and safety. The GRADE approach was used to describe the evidence quality and determine the strength of recommendations. Recommendations were developed using a modified Delphi method by a multidisciplinary panel including patients. RESULTS: Eight meetings and frequent e-mail communications were conducted to draft a quality assessment of evidence and recommendations. For 88 CQs, recommendation statements were determined. CONCLUSIONS: Using the GRADE approach, new CPGs successfully addressed important clinical issues for treating RA patients. Timely updating of recommendations should be routinely considered.

Postoperative complications in patients with rheumatoid arthritis using a biological agent - A systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: To evaluate, through a systematic review of the literature, the association between the use of biological disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (bDMARDs) and surgical site infection (SSI) or wound healing delay after orthopedic surgery in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). METHODS: A systematic review of articles indexed in the Cochrane Library, PubMed, and Web of Science from 1992 to 2012 was performed. The search aimed to identify studies describing SSI or wound healing delay in patients with RA treated with or without bDMARDs. Articles fulfilling the predefined inclusion criteria were reviewed systematically and their quality was appraised. RESULTS: There was no Cochrane review on this subject. We found 75 articles through specific searches of PubMed and Web of Science, and hand searching. After inclusion and exclusion by full-text review, 10 articles were found for SSI, and 5 articles for delayed wound healing. The use of bDMARDs appeared to increase the rate of SSI slightly, especially in large joint-replacement surgery. Delayed wound healing was not increased by the use of bDMARDs. However, the definitions of SSI and delayed wound healing varied between the reviewed articles. Most of the articles focused on tumor necrosis factor-α inhibitors. CONCLUSION: bDMARDs slightly increase the relative risk of SSI but not that of delayed wound healing after orthopedic surgery and should be used with appropriate caution.

Bone and joint disease around the world. The Japan Rheumatism Friendship Association.

The Japan Rheumatism Friendship Association (JRFA) was founded in 1960 and today has a membership of about 23,000, with 47 chapters across the country. We periodically conduct a survey of our membership for the Rheumatism White Paper, which we have been publishing since the JRFA was formed. The entire membership is surveyed every 5 years; surveys give an accurate picture of the current state of the disease and reflect the fundamental activities of the JRFA; they shed light on progress in developing effective measures against arthritis, and give people a better understanding of rheumatism. The survey is also a unique resource, for it canvasses a wide cross section of people with arthritis. In Japan, the Rheumatism White Paper is widely regarded as an authoritative source. The aims of the JRFA are to promote the accurate knowledge of RA to improve mutual friendship, and to work for the establishment and development of policies against RA disease. In this way, the JRFA seeks to advance the welfare of RA patients. In this article the activities of the JRFA are described.