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BACKGROUND & AIMS: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) has a higher incidence in males, but the association of sex with survival remains controversial. This study aimed to examine the effect of sex on HCC survival and its association with age. METHODS: Among 33,238 patients with HCC from 12 Chinese tertiary hospitals, 4175 patients who underwent curative-intent hepatectomy or ablation were analyzed. Cancer-specific survival (CSS) was analyzed using Cox regression and Kaplan-Meier methods. Two propensity score methods and multiple mediation analysis were applied to mitigate confounding. To explore the effect of estrogen, a candidate sex-specific factor that changes with age, female participants' history of estrogen use, and survival were analyzed. RESULTS: There were 3321 males and 854 females included. A sex-related disparity of CSS was present and showed a typical age-dependent pattern: a female survival advantage over males appeared at the perimenopausal age of 45 to 54 years (hazard risk [HR], 0.77; 5-year CSS, 85.7% vs 70.6%; P = .018), peaked at the early postmenopausal age of 55 to 59 years (HR, 0.57; 5-year CSS, 89.8% vs 73.5%; P = .015), and was not present in the premenopausal (<45 y) and late postmenopausal groups (≥60 y). Consistent patterns were observed in patients after either ablation or hepatectomy. These results were sustained with propensity score analyses. Confounding or mediation effects accounted for only 19.5% of sex survival disparity. Female estrogen users had significantly longer CSS than nonusers (HR, 0.74; 5-year CSS, 79.6% vs 72.5%; P = .038). CONCLUSIONS: A female survival advantage in HCC depends on age, and this may be associated with age-dependent, sex-specific factors.
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Carcinoma Hepatocelular , Neoplasias Hepáticas , Masculino , Humanos , Femenino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Carcinoma Hepatocelular/patología , Neoplasias Hepáticas/patología , Estudios Retrospectivos , Hepatectomía , Estrógenos , Puntaje de Propensión , Recurrencia Local de Neoplasia/patologíaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To assess the safety and efficacy of ultrasound-guided thermal ablation for low-risk papillary thyroid microcarcinoma (PTMC) via a prospective multicenter study. METHODS: From January 2017 through June 2021, low-risk PTMC patients were screened. The management details of active surveillance (AS), surgery, and thermal ablation were discussed. Among patients who accepted thermal ablation, microwave ablation (MWA) was performed. The main outcome was disease-free survival (DFS). The secondary outcomes were tumor size and volume changes, local tumor progression (LTP), lymph node metastasis (LNM), and complication rate. RESULTS: A total of 1278 patients were included in the study. The operation time of ablation was 30.21 ± 5.14 min with local anesthesia. The mean follow-up time was 34.57 ± 28.98 months. Six patients exhibited LTP at 36 months, of whom 5 patients underwent a second ablation, and 1 patient received surgery. The central LNM rate was 0.39% at 6 months, 0.63% at 12 months, and 0.78% at 36 months. Of the 10 patients with central LNM at 36 months, 5 patients chose ablation, 3 patients chose surgery and the other 2 patients chose AS. The overall complication rate was 1.41%, and 1.10% of patients developed hoarseness of the voice. All of the patients recovered within 6 months. CONCLUSIONS: Thermal ablation of low-risk PTMC was observed to be safe and efficacious with few minor complications. This technique may help to bridge the gap between surgery and AS as treatment options for patients wishing to have their PTMC managed in a minimally invasive manner. CLINICAL RELEVANCE STATEMENT: This study proved that microwave ablation is a safe and effective treatment method for papillary thyroid microcarcinoma. KEY POINTS: Percutaneous US-guided microwave ablation of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma is a very minimally invasive treatment under local anesthesia during a short time period. The local tumor progression and complication rate of microwave ablation in the treatment of papillary thyroid microcarcinoma are very low.
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Ablación por Radiofrecuencia , Neoplasias de la Tiroides , Humanos , Microondas/uso terapéutico , Estudios Prospectivos , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/cirugía , Neoplasias de la Tiroides/patología , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Estudios RetrospectivosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: We updated the experience on percutaneous microwave ablation for renal cell carcinoma with five-center data and long-term follow-up. METHODS: This retrospective study reviewed the T1N0M0 renal cell carcinoma patients who underwent microwave ablation between April 2006 and December 2019. Clinicopathological and procedural data were collected. Technical effectiveness and complications were assessed, and the Kaplan-Meier method was used for cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, overall survival, and local neoplastic process analyses. RESULTS: A total of 323 consecutive patients (mean age, 62.9 years ± 14.0) with 371 biopsy-proved tumors (mean diameter, 2.9 cm ± 1.2) were enrolled, and 42.6% of the tumors were located adjacent to collecting system/bowel and technical effectiveness was achieved in 360 (97.0%) tumors. For 275 cT1a patients, during median follow-up time of 66.0 months (IQR, 58.4-73.6), 10-year local neoplastic processes, cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were 1.9%, 87.4%, 71.8, and 67.5%, respectively. For 48 cT1b patients, during the median follow-up time of 30.4 months (IQR, 17.7-44.8), 5-year local tumor progression, cancer-specific survival, disease-free survival, and overall survival rates were 11.3%, 91.4%, 69.1, and 89.2%, respectively. Major complications showed no differences between cT1a (3.5%) and cT1b (6.9%) patients (p = 0.28). A clinical risk stratification system was developed based on multivariable model to predict DFS and CSS with c-indexes of 0.78 (95% CI: 0.71-0.85) and 0.77 (95% CI: 0.65-0.90), respectively. CONCLUSIONS: With matured follow-up at five institutions, ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation is a reliable treatment option for cT1a renal cell carcinoma even in dangerous location and appears to be promising for cT1b tumors. KEY POINTS: ⢠To our knowledge, this is the first multicenter cohort of long-term oncologic outcomes with percutaneous MWA of cT1 RCC. ⢠The predicting model we developed is accurate to predict the long-term DFS and CSS, which can help to provide a better MWA prognostication over routinely available clinical information. ⢠The available evidence shows that microwave ablation of clinical stage T1 RCC is safe and reliable with promising long-term oncologic outcomes, especially for cT1a RCC with excellent 10-year results.
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Carcinoma de Células Renales , Ablación por Catéter , Neoplasias Renales , Carcinoma de Células Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Carcinoma de Células Renales/cirugía , Humanos , Neoplasias Renales/diagnóstico por imagen , Neoplasias Renales/cirugía , Microondas , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Retrospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Ultrasonografía IntervencionalRESUMEN
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate the clinical efficacy of microwave ablation (MWA) of benign breast lesions (BBLs) and compare the learning curves of international radiologists (IRs) and surgeons. METHODS: In total, 440 patients with 755 clinicopathologically confirmed BBLs from 5 centers were prospectively enrolled from February 2014 to July 2018. Technical success, complications, volume reduction ratio (VRR), palpability, and cosmetic satisfaction after ablation were analyzed. In addition, the ablation time (AT) and energy (AE) with the number of procedures were analyzed for learning curve evaluation. RESULTS: The mean maximum diameter was 1.7 ± 0.6 cm. The complete ablation rate reached 100%, including 45.8% lesions adjacent to the skin, pectoralis, or areola. After a median follow-up of 13.7 months, the 12-month VRR of all lesions was 97.9%, and that for 1.0- to 2.0-cm and ≥ 2.0-cm lesions was 98.6% and 96.9%, respectively. A total of 55.9% of BBLs became nonpalpable (palpable in 85.7% of cases before MWA) by both the clinician and patient. The cosmetic and minimally invasive satisfaction rates were good or excellent in 98.4% and 94.5% of patients, respectively. The median AT/cm3 and AE/cm3 decreased as experience increased. The AE/cm3 of the IR with 5 years of experience was lower than that of the IR with 1 year of experience and the surgeons, while the AT/cm3 of surgeons was comparable with that of the IR with 5 years of experience at relatively mature phase. CONCLUSIONS: Ultrasound-guided percutaneous MWA is a valuable technique for the treatment of BBLs. TRIAL REGISTRATION: ClinicalTrials.gov (NCT02860104) KEY POINTS: ⢠Ultrasound-guided percutaneous microwave ablation has the potential to become a valuable technique for the treatment of benign breast lesions. ⢠A skilled interventional radiologist shows a rapid improvement in mastering the technique.
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Neoplasias de la Mama/terapia , Microondas/uso terapéutico , Ablación por Radiofrecuencia/métodos , Cirugía Asistida por Computador/métodos , Ultrasonografía Intervencional/métodos , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Neoplasias de la Mama/diagnóstico , Femenino , Humanos , Persona de Mediana Edad , Estudios Prospectivos , Resultado del Tratamiento , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
The amebiasis cysteine proteinase gene (ACP1) encoding an antigen from Entamoeba histolytica, as well as the recombinant ACP1, obtained by cloning and expression of the ACP1 gene in heterologous host Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3), were used to evaluate their ability to induce immune protective responses in minipig against challenge infection in a minipig -E. histolytica model. There was a 64.52% reduction (P<0.001) in the group of recovery of challenged E. histolytica compared with that in the control group. Specific anti-ACP1 antibodies from immune protected minipig had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.001). Our data indicate recombinant ACP1 may be a potential target as a vaccine antigen.
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Antígenos de Protozoos/genética , Proteasas de Cisteína/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/enzimología , Entamebiasis/prevención & control , Vacunas Antiprotozoos , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Western Blotting , Clonación Molecular , Proteasas de Cisteína/inmunología , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Entamoeba histolytica/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Femenino , Regulación de la Expresión Génica , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Vacunas Antiprotozoos/genética , Vacunas Antiprotozoos/inmunología , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Porcinos , Porcinos EnanosRESUMEN
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Cysteine proteinases 112 (EhCP112) of Entamoeba histolytica are considered important for ameba pathogenicity. The recombinant gene was obtained by cloning and expression of the EhCP112 gene in heterologous host Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3), were used to evaluate their ability to induce immune protective responses in minipig against challenge infection in a minipig-E. histolytica model. There was a 46.29% reduction (P<0.001) in the group of recovery of challenged E. histolytica compared with that in the control group. Specific anti-EhCP112 antibodies from immune protected minipig had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.001). This is a first report demonstrating that a recombinant form of EhCP112 generated in E. coli, to immunize a minipig model of E. histolytica, and there is significant protection. This study may help to understand the EhCP112 for human in the future.
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Proteasas de Cisteína/inmunología , Entamoeba histolytica/enzimología , Entamebiasis/prevención & control , Vacunas Antiprotozoos/normas , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Western Blotting , Proteasas de Cisteína/genética , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Entamoeba histolytica/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Femenino , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Conejos , Porcinos , Porcinos Enanos , Vacunas Sintéticas/normasRESUMEN
Entamoeba histolytica cysteine proteinase gene 5(EhCP5) is one of the major proteinase genes of all EhCP-transcripts. The amebiasis cysteine proteinase gene encoding an antigen from E. histolytica, as well as the recombinant EhCP5, obtained by cloning and expression of the EhCP5 gene in heterologous host Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3), were used to evaluate their ability to induce immune protective responses in Minipig against challenge infection in a minipig-E. histolytica model. There was a 52.27% reduction (P<0.001) in the group of recovery of challenged E. histolytica compared with that in the control group. Specific anti-EhCP5 antibodies from immune protected minipig had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.0001). Our data will help to know the mechanism of vaccinal protection of E. histolytica.
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Antígenos de Protozoos/genética , Proteasas de Cisteína/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/enzimología , Entamebiasis/prevención & control , Vacunas Antiprotozoos/normas , Animales , Anticuerpos Antiprotozoarios/sangre , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Western Blotting , Proteasas de Cisteína/inmunología , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Entamoeba histolytica/genética , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Entamebiasis/inmunología , Ensayo de Inmunoadsorción Enzimática , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Sueros Inmunes/inmunología , Inmunoglobulina G/sangre , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/fisiología , Vacunas Antiprotozoos/inmunología , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Porcinos , Porcinos EnanosRESUMEN
Cysteine proteinases 4 (EhCP4) of Entamoeba histolytica are considered important for ameba pathogenicity. The recombinant gene was obtained by cloning and expression of the EhCP4 gene in heterologous host Escherichia coli BL-21 (DE3), were used to evaluate their ability to induce immune protective responses in minipig against challenge infection in a minipig-E. histolytica model. There was a 53.16% reduction (P<0.001) in the group of recovery of challenged E. histolytica compared with that in the control group. Specific anti-EhCP4 antibodies from immune protected minipig had significantly higher levels of immunoglobulin G (IgG) (P<0.001). This is a first report demonstrating that a recombinant form of EhCP4 generated in E. coli, to immunize a minipig model of E. histolytica, and there is significant protection. This study may help to understand the EhCP4 for human in the future.
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Antígenos de Protozoos/metabolismo , Proteasas de Cisteína/metabolismo , Entamoeba histolytica/enzimología , Entamoeba histolytica/inmunología , Entamebiasis/prevención & control , Vacunas Antiprotozoos , Animales , Antígenos de Protozoos/genética , Antígenos de Protozoos/inmunología , Clonación Molecular , Proteasas de Cisteína/genética , Proteasas de Cisteína/inmunología , Entamoeba histolytica/patogenicidad , Femenino , Regulación Enzimológica de la Expresión Génica , Modelos Animales , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Proteínas Recombinantes/metabolismo , Porcinos , Porcinos EnanosRESUMEN
Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze the difference of intestinal microbial community diversity between healthy and orally infected rabbits with Entamoeba histolytica. The dynamic changes in different parts of digestive system including the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, caecum, and rectum in healthy and infected rabbits at different time points were also tested. The intestinal microbial community of the control healthy rabbits was steady, and the total number of ERIC-PCR bands in the control healthy rabbit was the least in the rectum and the most in the caecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated rabbits did not obviously change until 24 h after postinoculation (p.i.). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 to 72 h p.i., and then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 days p.i. Sequence analysis showed that the nucleotide sequence homologies of the fragment about 1,200 bp of infected ileum sampled at 32 h p.i. were above 95 % with Sinorhizobium meliloti enterobacterial, Erwinia amylovora and Salmonella typhimurium, and the nucleotide sequence homologies of the fragment about 300 bp of infected ileum sampled at 48 h p.i. were more than 90 % with Xanthomonas campestris enterobacterial, Yersinia enterocolitica subsp., Shigella flexneri, S. meliloti enterobacterial, Yersinia pestis, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp., and Escherichia coli. The prominent bacteria had changed after E. histolytica infection. The DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that aerobe and facultative aerobe (E. coli, Shigella, and Salmonella) became preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected rabbits with E. histolytica.
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Entamoeba histolytica , Entamebiasis/veterinaria , Enterobacteriaceae/genética , Secuencias Repetitivas Esparcidas/genética , Intestinos/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/métodos , Animales , Clonación Molecular , ADN/genética , Entamebiasis/microbiología , Entamebiasis/parasitología , ConejosRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to analyze the difference in intestinal microbial diversity between healthy and (Entamoeba histolytica) orally infected minipig. Enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (ERIC)-PCR was applied to analyze this diversity and dynamic change, including the duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, and rectum from healthy and orally infected minipig at different time points. The results showed that the intestinal microbial community of the control minipigs was stable and the ERIC-PCR band numbers of the control minipigs were the lowest in the rectum and highest in the cecum. ERIC-PCR bands of orally inoculated minipigs showed no obvious change until 24 h after postinoculation (hpi). The numbers of the ERIC-PCR bands gradually decreased from 24 to 72 hpi, then, with the development of disease, the band numbers gradually increased until 6 days postinoculation. The prominent bacteria had changed in the presence of E. histolytica infection and the DNAstar of staple of ERIC-PCR showed that obligate aerobes and facultative aerobes (Escherichia coli, Shigella, Salmonella) became the preponderant bacilli in the intestine of orally infected minipigs with E. histolytica. This study has provided significant data to clarify the intestinal microbial diversity and dynamic change of healthy and E. histolytica orally infected minipigs.
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Disentería Amebiana/veterinaria , Entamoeba histolytica , Intestinos/microbiología , Enfermedades de los Porcinos/parasitología , Animales , Clonación Molecular , ADN Bacteriano/clasificación , ADN Bacteriano/genética , Reacción en Cadena de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Porcinos , Porcinos EnanosRESUMEN
Introduction: Although microwave ablation (MWA) is a promising technique for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) treatment, its 10-year efficacy is unknown. Objective: The objective of the study was to assess whether the advances in MWA for HCC translated into a real-world survival benefit. Methods: This retrospective study included 2,354 patients with Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0 to B from 5 hospitals, with at least 2 years of follow-up for all the patients. Recurrence and survival were analyzed using the Kaplan-Meier method with time-period stratification. Results: A total of 5,326 HCCs (mean diameter, 2.9 cm ± 1.2) underwent 4,051 sessions of MWA with a median follow-up of 61.3 (0.6-169.5 range) months during 3 periods (2007-2010, 2011-2014, and 2015-2018). Technical success was achieved in 5,194 (97.5%) tumors with significant improvement over time, especially for >3.0-cm HCC (p < 0.001). Local tumor progression (LTP) showed no period-dependent advance, with >3.0-cm HCC and perivascular location being the risk factors for LTP. The median intrahepatic metastasis time was 27.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 25.2-28.8) months, with 5- and 10-year occurrence rates of 68.8% and 79.4%, respectively. The 5- and 10-year overall survivals were 63.9% and 41.1%, respectively, and BCLC stage 0, A, and all B patients showed an observable survival improvement over time (p < 0.001). The median disease-free survival time increased from 19.4 (95% CI: 16.5-22.6) months in 2007-2010 to 28.1 (95% CI: 25.9-32.3) months in 2015-2018. The improved survival for early recurrent (≤2 years) patients was period-dependent, as verified by Cox regression analyses. The major complications rate per procedure was 3.0% (122/4,051). Conclusions: These real-world data show that MWA provided an upward trend in survival for HCC patients with BCLC stage 0-B over a 12-year follow-up period. An encouraging clear survival benefit in early recurrent patients was also observed.
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We used a real-time PCR assay and indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA) assay to detect genomic DNA of Salmonella Enteritidis in the internal organs of quails after an oral challenge. The results showed that S. Enteritidis was detected in all the samples at different time points. This study will assist a future understanding of the pathogenesis of S. Enteritidis.
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Enfermedades de las Aves/microbiología , Codorniz/microbiología , Reacción en Cadena en Tiempo Real de la Polimerasa/veterinaria , Salmonelosis Animal/microbiología , Salmonella enteritidis/patogenicidad , Animales , Enfermedades de las Aves/genética , Técnica del Anticuerpo Fluorescente Indirecta/veterinaria , Salmonelosis Animal/genética , Salmonelosis Animal/patología , Salmonella enteritidis/genéticaRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To determine the candidate genes for engineering vaccine of Ascaris lumbricoides. METHODS: pMD18-T-ALAg and plasmid expression vector pET-28a(+) were digested with BamH I and EcoR I and linked to each other. The resultant plasmid pET-28a(+)-ALAg was transferred into E. coli BL21 (DE3) and its expression was induced with IPTG, and the recombinant ALAg(rALAg) was purified. A total of 30 mice were equally divided into 3 groups, the mice in each group were injected with rALAg-FCA, FCA and PBS respectively, then they were attacked by infectious eggs of Ascaris (3 600 per mouse). The IgG levels in sera of mice in each group were detected by indirect ELASA. RESULTS: rALAg was recognized by the sera from repeatedly Ascaris lumbricoides inoculated rabbits. The numbers of larvae of Ascaris lumbricoides from liver and lung of mice were 25.30 +/- 4.55 in the rALAg-FCA group and 57.60 +/- 5.76 in the PBS group, respectively, the former being the reducing rate of 69.26%, and the difference among the 3 groups showed statistical significances (P < 0.01). The IgG levels (A450 value) of the rALAg-FCA, FCA and PBS groups were 0.858 +/- 0.003, 0.149 +/- 0.004 and 0.134 +/- 0.004, respectively, there were statistical differences among them (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION: ALAg can be used as a candidate gene of genetic engineering vaccine of Ascaris lumbricoides.
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Vectores Genéticos/genética , Vacunas Sintéticas/genética , Animales , Ascariasis/inmunología , Ascaris lumbricoides/aislamiento & purificación , Electroforesis en Gel de Poliacrilamida , Ingeniería Genética , Vectores Genéticos/inmunología , Ratones , Conejos , Proteínas Recombinantes/genética , Proteínas Recombinantes/inmunología , Vacunas Sintéticas/inmunologíaRESUMEN
This research was undertaken to determine the population of a high-virulence strain of Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis in partridge by a fluorescent quencher PCR assay and to correlate these findings with the results obtained from the immunohistochemical localization and histopathological examinations of selected Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis-infected tissues. To make the results meaningful, a side-by-side bacteriology method (indirect immuno-fluorescent antibody staining) was performed too. The results of indirect immuno-fluorescent antibody staining and immunohistochemical localization were similar to the fluorescent quencher PCR assay. The time course of the appearance of bacterial antigens and tissue lesions in various tissues was coincident with the levels of the bacterial DNA loads at the infection sites. This suggests that Salmonella enterica serovar Enteritidis loads in internal organs are closely correlated with the progression of the infection.