[Effects of residual film density and area on water accumulation infiltration amount of soil]. / æ®‹è†œå¯†åº¦åŠé¢ç§¯å¯¹åœŸå£¤æ°´åˆ†ç´¯ç§¯å ¥æ¸—é‡çš„å½±å“.

With continuous increases in the amount and duration of plastic film used, the residual film in farmland soil is accumulated and tended to be fragmented, which affects soil water infiltration. We carried out an experiment of one-dimensional vertical infiltration of soil moisture. We examined the effects of different residual film density and area on soil water cumulative infiltration under 21 experimental treatments with 5 residual film area levels (0.25, 0.5, 1, 2, 8 cm2) and 5 residual film density levels (0, 60, 180, 300, 420 kg·hm-2). The results showed that soil water infiltration rate was accelerated and the total infiltration amount was increased by adding a certain amount of residual film into the clay loam soil with bulk density of 1.53 g·cm-3. The total infiltration amount of different residual film area always appeared mutation or turning point when the single residual film area was 1 cm2. When the residual film area and density were larger or smaller than that, the cumulative infiltration amount would be significantly affected, with the treatment of 0.5 cm2 residual film area and 200 kg·hm-2 residual film density being obvious demarcation. When the residual film area was 0.25 cm2, the cumulative infiltration reached the maximum. When the residual film with a single area ≤0.25 cm2 was uniformly mixed into the soil, the slope of soil water cumulative infiltration curve was significantly different from that of other residual film treatments, forming a "new structure" soil with unique water infiltration characteristics.

Mechanism of Saline-Alkali land improvement using subsurface pipe and vertical well drainage measures and its response to agricultural soil ecosystem.

Salinization is recognized as a threat to agricultural productivity and land resources in global arid desert regions. To date, field soil improvement schemes have met with minimal success to date. We aimed to improve saline-alkali soils by assessing the effects of combining subsurface pipe (Pa) and vertical well (Sa) drainage measures on agricultural soils ecosystem. In a five-year field experiment, soil was sampled 0.5 m, 5 m, 7.5 m horizontally away from the Pa, and 0.5 m, 30 m, 60 m horizontally away from the Sa. Findings indicate that the soil electrical conductivity (EC) decreased from 16 dS m-1 to 3 dS m-1 at a 0-80 cm depth, and the soil desalination efficiency was great at the 0-300 cm depths (≥ 32%) than at the 400-700 cm depths (-14%-74.7%). The combined Pa and Sa drainage measures significantly decreased the species richness and quantity of soil microbial communities, and their negative impact on observed species was irreversible within 1 year. The farther the horizontal sampling conducted from the Pa and Sa, the greater the structural similarity of the microbial community at the genus level, higher the catalase, acidic protease, and neutral phosphatase activities, and lower the alkaline phosphatase activity. The overall decrease in groundwater level from 2016 to 2020 was 5.7 m. The seed cotton yield increased by 3.2 t ha-1. The results suggest that the value of saline-alkali soil can be improved by combining Pa and Sa drainage measures. Our research provides guidance for further effective utilization of agricultural water and soil resources and the sustainable development of the soil ecosystem in arid desert areas.

Prognostic value of VISTA in solid tumours: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

In the last few years, V-domain Ig-containing suppressor of T cell activation(VISTA) has been reported as a prognostic biomarker in articles including various solid tumours. However, their conclusions have been controversial. For this reason, we performed this meta-analysis to further verify the prognostic value of VISTA in solid tumours. All relevant literature was identified from PubMed, Embase, the Cochrane Library and Web of Science. Ten studies, including 2, 440 patients, were eligible for the analysis. The pooled results showed that high expression of VISTA was associated with favourable overall survival (OS) than that seen with low expression of VISTA (7 studies, hazard ratio (HR) = 0.75, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.66-0.86, P < 0.001). In addition, high expression of VISTA significantly correlated with high numbers of CD8 (+) tumour infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) (3 studies, risk ratio (RR) = 1.80, 95% CI: 1.41-2.31, P < 0.001). In conclusion, these results indicate that VISTA is a potential prognostic biomarker in solid tumours.