Are children with attention-deficit/ hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) more likely to develop celiac disease? A prospective study.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to evaluate whether the prevalence of celiac among attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) patients is higher than among the normal population. Methods: The present study was a prospective one investigating ADHD children referred to the Neurology Clinic and Pediatric Ward at Amir Al-Momenin Hospital of Zabol (Sistan and Baluchestan, Iran) in 2019 after their parents' signing of a consent form. All patients underwent Biocard™ Celiac and serology tests. Data were analyzed with SPSS version 21 software. Results: Of all 76 ADHD children undergoing a serum IgA antibodies concentration test, 58 (76%) were male and 18 (23.7%) were female. The mean age of the children was 6.9 ± 2.4, ranging from 2 years to 12 years. The diagnosis of IgA immunodeficiency was rejected for all children based on total serum IgA antibody results. The overall mean anti-tissue transglutaminase (TTG) level was 6.8 ± 5.3 U/ml, ranging from 0.2 to 37 U/ml. There was no significant difference regarding TTG levels between boys and girls (5.1 vs. 6.0) U/ml. Based on the anti-TTG level results, no celiac case was found among the ADHD patients. Conclusions: There is as yet no evidence suggesting a link between celiac disease and ADHD. Thus, routine celiac disease screening when evaluating for ADHD (and is not recommended). However, the possibility of untreated celiac disease predisposing an individual to ADHD-like behaviors should be considered. Hence, physicians are recommended to evaluate a broad range of physical symptoms, in addition to typical neuropsychiatric symptoms, when evaluating ADHD patients.

Prevalence and causes of unreported needle stick injuries among health care workers: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

OBJECTIVES: Health care workers (HCWs) are exposed to needle needles daily. Despite individual studies, there is no statistics on the prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries (NSIs) have been reported. This study was performed to determine the prevalence and causes of unreported NSIs among HCWs. CONTENT: In present systematic review and meta-analysis study, three international databases (Web of Science, Scopus, PubMed) were searched from January 1, 2000 to December 31, 2018. The random model was used to determine the prevalence of unreported needle stick among HCWs. SUMMARY AND OUTLOOK: Forty-one studies performed on 19,635 health care workers entered the final stage. Based-on random effect model, pooled prevalence of unreported needle stick injuries was 59.9% (95% CI: 52.0, 67.7; I2=98.9%). The most common cause of unreported NSIs was: They were not worried about NSIs (n=12). The high prevalence of unreported needle sticks injuries indicates the urgency and necessity of paying attention to strategies to improve reporting among health workers.

Causes of chronic kidney disease in the general population of Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Chronic kidney disease is a significant public health problem worldwide. However, the causes of chronic kidney disease in Iran are unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis identified the causes of chronic kidney disease in the general population of Iran. International databases (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google Scholar) and national databases (Scientific Information Database and Magiran) were searched for studies published until March 1, 2018. The quality of the studies was assessed using the checklist developed by Hoy et al. Of 2518 retrieved studies, 26 studies involving 34,683 patients with chronic kidney disease stages 1 to 5 were included in the meta-analysis. The mean age of the cohort was 53.6±15.02 years. The results of the random-effects model showed that the three leading causes of chronic kidney disease were diabetes, hypertension, and glomerulonephritis, with an overall prevalence of 27.7%, 27.6%, and 6.4%, respectively. These results indicate the importance of addressing these risk factors at the national level to reduce disease prevalence.

Knowledge, attitude, practice and clinical recommendations of health care workers towards COVID-19: a systematic review.

OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge, attitude, practice, and clinical recommendations of health care workers (HCWs) towards COVID-19. METHODS: In this systematic review study, international databases (Web of Science, PubMed, and Scopus) were searched for the relevant studies published in English from the inception of databases until July 30, 2020. Hoy et al.'s tool was used to evaluate the quality of studies. All search steps, screening, selection of studies, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed separately by two researchers. RESULTS: Out of 3460 articles searched, 28 articles conducted on 16,427 HCWs were included in the study. Most of the HCWs had good knowledge (72.2%), a positive attitude (70.9%), and good practice (78.8%) towards COVID-19. The most important clinical recommendation to improve knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP) was to provide HCWs with a periodic training program regarding COVID-19. The most important source of information for HCWs on COVID-19 was social networks. CONCLUSIONS: Despite HCWs' good knowledge, attitude, and practice (KAP), it is recommended to periodically review KAP and carry out further studies in different countries as well. It is also recommended to use social media to improve KAP.

Prevalence of Chronic Kidney Disease in Iranian General Population: A Meta-Analysis and Systematic Review.

The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of CKD in the Iranian general population. In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, international (PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and Google scholar) and national databases (SID, Magiran) were searched until December 30, 2017. The quality of the studies was evaluated using the Hoy instrument. Out of 1170 initial studies, 9 studies with a total of 70 605 participants were included in the final stage of this study. Based on the results of the random effect method (95% CI), the overall prevalence of chronic kidney disease in 70 605 people was 15.14% (I2 = 99.77%). The prevalence of CKD in female patients (18.80%) was 1.7 times higher than in male patients (10.83). The results of the present study indicate a higher than the global average prevalence of CKD in Iran and the need for additional attention of policy makers on better planning for control and implementation of screening programs in high-risk populations, such as patients with hypertension and diabetes.