RESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Demoralization has garnered increasing attention in recent years as a significant psychological distress. This study aims to identify latent classes of demoralization in lung cancer patients using Latent Class Analysis (LCA) from a person-centered perspective and to explore the factors influencing the latent classes of demoralization. METHODS: A cross-sectional study using convenience sampling was conducted among 567 lung cancer patients in three tertiary hospitals in China. LCA was employed to classify heterogeneous classes of demoralization. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were performed to explore the associations between demographic and clinical characteristics, as well as physical symptoms, resilience, family function, and coping strategies, with class membership in the identified heterogeneous subgroups of lung cancer patients. RESULTS: Three latent classes of demoralization were identified: the high demoralization group (Class 1, 14.8%), the moderate demoralization-distress and helplessness group (Class 2, 37.2%), and the low demoralization group (Class 3, 48.0%). In comparison to Class 3, lung cancer patients with hypertension, higher core symptom burden, poorer resilience, dysfunctional family dynamics, and resignation coping were more likely to belong to Class 1 and Class 2. CONCLUSIONS: The demoralization patterns in lung cancer patients were varied. Targeted intervention should be developed based on the characteristics of each class, and timely attention should be paid to high-risk patients.
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Desmoralización , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Neoplasias , Resiliencia Psicológica , Humanos , Neoplasias/psicología , Estudios Transversales , Análisis de Clases LatentesRESUMEN
The method of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole-electrostatic field orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry(UHPLC-Q/Orbitrap HRMS)combined with molecular network was developed in this study for rapidly analyzing the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample of classical prescription. Firstly, an ACQUITY UPLC BEH Shield RP_(18) column(2.1 mm×100 mm, 1.7 µm)was used, and acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid were taken as the mobile phases for gradient elution. The flow rate was 0.4 mL·min~(-1), and the column temperature was 30 â. Under these conditions, the mass spectrum data were collected in both positive and negative ion modes of the heated electrospray ionization source. Subsequently, the mass spectrum data of the Qinggu San reference sample were uploaded to the Global Natural Products Social Molecular Network(GNPS)platform for calculation and analysis, and a visual molecular network was built with Cytoscape 3.8.2 software. On this basis, the chemical components of the Qinggu San reference sample were identified by fragmentation regularity of standard compounds, retention time, accurate relative molecular weight of HR-MS, characteristic fragment ions information, literature, and databases. Finally, a total of 105 chemical components were identified and speculated in the Qinggu San reference sample, including 19 iridoid glycosides, 23 flavonoids, 15 phenylpropanoids, 11 triterpene saponins, and 37 other components. Meanwhile, two of these components are potential new compounds. The method used in this study not only achieved rapid and accurate identification of chemical components in the Qinggu San reference sample and provided a scie-ntific basis for the study of pharmacological substances and quality control of Qinggu San compound preparations but also provided a refe-rence for the rapid identification of chemical components in traditional Chinese medicine compound preparations.
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Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/química , Medicamentos Herbarios Chinos/análisis , Espectrometría de Masas/métodosRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: Demoralization is a prevalent psychological problem among cancer patients and reflects a sense of subjective incompetence. This systematic review aims to identify factors influencing demoralization among cancer patients. METHODS: Eleven databases were systematically searched from database inception to 31 December 2020. Google Scholar and relevant reference lists were supplementarily searched. Studies reporting demoralization measured by Demoralization Scale and its influencing factors among cancer patients were included. A qualitative synthesis was conducted owing to the heterogeneity of the study outcome. RESULTS: A total of 49 studies involving 10,712 participants were included in this review. The results showed substantial effect size variation, but the psychological factors showed the strongest magnitude of association. Among the biological factors, the number of physical symptoms (mean r values [rs]: 0.331) was associated with increased demoralization. Among the psychological factors, negative psychological factors include hopelessness (mean rs: 0.633), desire for death (mean rs: 0.620), dignity-related distress (mean rs: 0.595), depression (mean rs: 0.593), anxiety (mean rs: 0.589), psychological distress (mean rs: 0.465), and suicidal ideation (mean rs: 0.460) were related to increased demoralization; whereas positive psychological factors including hope (mean rs: -0.565), attachment security (mean rs: -0.530), and sense of coherence (mean rs: -0.453) were related to decreased demoralization. Among the social factors, social support (mean rs: -0.330) was negatively related to demoralization, and the demographic factors were still controversial. Quality of life was considered to be at the intersection of biopsychosocial factors and negatively associated with demoralization (mean rs: -0.599). CONCLUSIONS: Demoralization is a consequence of the interaction of physical, psychological, and social factors among cancer patients. Factors with a significant effect should not be overlooked when designing an intervention to reduce demoralization. It is necessary to distinguish demoralization from other negative psychological states and further explore positive psychological factors influencing demoralization among cancer patients.
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Desmoralización , Neoplasias , Humanos , Calidad de Vida/psicología , Estrés Psicológico/psicología , Ansiedad/psicología , Neoplasias/psicologíaRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Health belief is an important factor affecting lung cancer screening in high-risk population, but the research based on Chinese cultural background is still insufficient. Therefore, we adapted the English version of the Lung Cancer Screening Health Belief Scales (LCSHB) into the Chinese version (LCSHB-C) and examined its psychometric characteristics. METHODS: After obtaining authorization from the original author, the LCSHB-C was adapted based upon Brislin's translation model. Using a variety of community-based recruitment methods, a total of 353 participants were recruited in Fuzhou, Fujian province, China to complete the questionnaires. We combined the classical test theory and item response theory to examine the psychometric properties of the LCSHB-C. RESULTS: The Cronbach's alpha for the four subscales ranged from 0.83 ~ 0.93. The content validity index for the four subscales was ranged from 0.87 ~ 1.0. Confirmatory factor analysis supported each subscale structure model fit well. Rasch analysis results further validated the reliability and validity of the four subscales. The person reliability and separation index of each subscale ranged from 0.77 to 0.87 and 1.83 to 2.63, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: The LCSHB-C is a reliable and valid instrument used to measure health beliefs related to lung cancer screening among those high-risk for lung cancer in China, which facilitates the development of lung cancer screening programs and promotes the "three early prevention strategies" of lung cancer (i.e.,early detection, early diagnosis and early treatment).
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Detección Precoz del Cáncer , Neoplasias Pulmonares , Adaptación Fisiológica , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/diagnóstico , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , TraduccionesRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The study aimed to assess the associations of physical activity (PA) trajectories across a 25-year span with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression, and subsequent risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) events. METHODS: We included 2497 participants from the Coronary Artery Disease Risk Development in Young Adults study who had computed tomography-assessment of CAC at baseline (year 15: 2000-2001) and follow-up (year 20 or 25) and at least three measures of PA from year 0 to year 25. Long-term PA trajectories were determined by latent class modelling using a validated questionnaire. RESULTS: Among the included participants, 1120 (44.9%) were men, 1418 (56.8%) were white, and the mean (SD) age was 40.4 (3.6) years. We identified three distinct PA trajectories based on PA average levels and change patterns: low (below PA guidelines, n=1332; 53.3%); moderate (meeting and slightly over PA guidelines, n=919; 36.8%) and high (about three times PA guidelines or more, n=246; 9.9%). During a mean (SD) follow-up of 8.9 (2.1) years, 640 (25.6%) participants had CAC progression. Participants in the high PA trajectory group had a higher risk of CAC progression than those in the low PA trajectory group after adjustment for traditional cardiovascular risk factors (HR 1.51; 95% CI 1.18 to 1.94). However, high PA trajectory was not associated with an increased risk of incident CVD events (HR 1.01; 95% CI 0.44 to 2.31) and the incidence of CVD events in participants with CAC progression was similar across all three PA trajectory groups (p=0.736). CONCLUSION: Long-term PA about three times the guidelines or more is independently associated with CAC progression; however, no additional risk of incident CVD events could be detected.
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Enfermedades Cardiovasculares , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Adulto , Calcio , Enfermedades Cardiovasculares/epidemiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/diagnóstico por imagen , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Ejercicio Físico , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Medición de Riesgo , Factores de Riesgo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
PURPOSE: Zinc is considered protective against atherosclerosis; however, the association between dietary zinc intake and cardiovascular disease remains debated. We investigated whether dietary zinc intake was associated with coronary artery calcium (CAC) progression in the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis (MESA). METHODS: This analysis included 5186 participants aged 61.9 ± 10.2 years (48.8% men; 41.3% white, 25.0% black, 21.6% Hispanic, and 12.1% Chinese American) from the MESA. Dietary zinc intake was assessed by a self-administered, 120-item food frequency questionnaire at baseline (2000-2002). Baseline and follow-up CAC were measured by computed tomography. CAC progression was defined as CAC > 0 at follow-up for participants with CAC = 0 at baseline; and an annualized change of 10 or percent change of ≥ 10% for those with 0 < CAC < 100 or CAC ≥ 100 at baseline, respectively. RESULTS: Dietary zinc intake was 8.4 ± 4.5 mg/day and 2537 (48.9%) of the included participants had CAC at baseline. Over a median follow-up of 3.4 years (25th-75th percentiles = 2.0-9.1 years), 2704 (52.1%) participants had CAC progression. In the fully adjusted model, higher dietary zinc was associated with a lower risk of CAC progression in both men (hazard ratio [HR] 0.697, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.553-0.878; p = 0.002) and women (HR 0.675; 95% CI 0.496-0.919; p = 0.012, both comparing extreme groups). Furthermore, such an inverse association was attributable to dietary zinc intake from non-red meat (p < 0.05), rather than red meat sources (p > 0.05). CONCLUSIONS: In this multiethnic population free of clinically apparent cardiovascular disease, higher dietary zinc intake from non-red meat sources was independently associated with a lower risk of CAC progression. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION NUMBER: The MESA trial was registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT00005487.
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Aterosclerosis , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria , Aterosclerosis/epidemiología , Aterosclerosis/prevención & control , Calcio , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/epidemiología , Enfermedad de la Arteria Coronaria/prevención & control , Vasos Coronarios/diagnóstico por imagen , Progresión de la Enfermedad , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Estudios Prospectivos , Factores de Riesgo , ZincRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Understanding the factors influencing cognitive reactivity (CR) may help identify individuals at risk for first episode depression and relapse and facilitate routine access to preventative treatments. However, few studies have examined the relationship between CR and depression in Asian countries. This study was performed to assess the current status of CR among Chinese young adults and explore influencing factors. METHODS: A national cross-sectional online study using convenience sampling was conducted among 1597 healthy young adults in China (response rate: 93.94%) with a mean age of 24.34 (SD = 5.76) years. RESULTS: The mean CR score was 51.36 ± 18.97 (range 0-130). Binary logistic regression showed that a low level of CR was associated with the following factors: high self-compassion, high social support, high resilience, high monthly household income, and living in a rural area, with odds ratios (ORs) ranging from 0.14 to 0.70. Young adults in full-time employment, experiencing poor sleep, with high neuroticism, who reported frequent sad mood, and who had a high intensity of negative life events had increased CR to depression, with ORs ranging from 1.18 to 6.66. The prediction probability of these factors was 75.40%. Causal relationships among the influencing factors and CR could not be explored. CONCLUSIONS: The self-reported CR levels among Chinese young adults were moderate. Enhancing self-compassion, resilience, and social support for young adults and reducing negative life events, neuroticism, and poor sleep may help decrease CR. These findings may help healthcare providers or researchers determine how to cultivate and improve the CR of young adults by establishing documented policies and/or improving intervention efficacies.
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Cognición/fisiología , Depresión/epidemiología , Depresión/psicología , Estado de Salud , Adulto , Asia , China , Estudios Transversales , Femenino , Humanos , Modelos Logísticos , Masculino , Características de la Residencia , Resiliencia Psicológica , Factores de Riesgo , Apoyo Social , Factores Socioeconómicos , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Nursing interns are an important backup force for nursing professionals, so efforts to strengthen their patient safety (PS) competencies are a major priority. To do so requires assessing the strengths and weaknesses of Chinese nursing students' PS competence and identifying the influencing factors. METHODS: This was a multi-site, cross-sectional, web-based study that was carried out between September 2018 and January 2019. A national online survey was completed by 732 Chinese undergraduate nursing students. Our primary outcome factor was the Health Professional Education in Patient Safety Survey score. We also collected socio-demographic and clinical practice-related characteristics as independent variables. Multiple stepwise linear regression was performed to identify predictors of PS competence. RESULTS: Chinese undergraduate nursing students were fairly confident in their clinical safety skills but less confident in what they learned about sociocultural or context-dependent aspects of PS and speaking up about PS, including effective communication and understanding human and environmental factors. Less than half of the students felt that they could approach someone engaging in unsafe practice and were reluctant to voice concern about adverse events. We observed significant differences in PS competence between students from different regions, across different PS learning styles (self-study and classroom theoretical study), with different self-assessed PS competence levels, and with experiences of adverse events (p < 0.05). These factors accounted for almost 15% of the total variance in PS competence scores (adjusted R2 = 0.15, p = 0.00). CONCLUSIONS: The results of this study provide a better understanding of PS competence among final-year nursing students in China. Our findings may help nursing educators or healthcare organizations to cultivate and improve PS competence by establishing documented policies or by improving the efficacy of intervention.
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Actitud del Personal de Salud , Competencia Clínica , Seguridad del Paciente , Autoinforme , Estudiantes de Enfermería , China , Comunicación , Estudios Transversales , Competencia Cultural , Bachillerato en Enfermería , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Relaciones Enfermero-Paciente , Factores Socioeconómicos , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: This study aims to provide a systematic compilation of existing measures of self-efficacy developed specifically for use in cancer patients and provide descriptions and comparative evaluations of the characteristics, psychometric properties and performance parameters. METHOD: A systematic electronic database search was conducted in PubMed, Ovid (PsyINFO), EBSCO, Elsevier, Scopus to identify self-efficacy assessment tools for cancer patients, between January 1977 to February 2018. The characteristics of target population, instrument, development process and psychometric properties were summarized. All included instruments were subsequently appraised using a psychometric quality assessment tool based on previous publications. Validity of the quality assessment was reviewed and confirmed by five experts. RESULTS: Fifteen cancer-related self-efficacy instruments were identified. Among them, (40.0%) 6/15 were task-specific, focusing on cancer-related health issues such as fatigue, communication, rehabilitation, exercise, and narcotic pain killer usage. Six instruments were disease-specific for breast cancer, lung cancer, or advanced cancer. Weaknesses of the development processes included the singularity of instrument construction methods, and non-transparent selection of the final items. The main limitation seen in the validation processes was that some important properties of instruments (e.g. test-retest reliability, criterion validity, responsiveness, interpretability, feasibility, and acceptability) were not evaluated. CONCLUSIONS: This review summarizes the limitations and strengths of current self-efficacy instruments for cancer patient. The information reported here can assist clinicians and researchers in the selection of the appropriate instrument. Finally, it points out the need for reporting validation statistics to facilitate the use of these instruments.
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Neoplasias/psicología , Calidad de Vida , Autoeficacia , Humanos , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los Resultados , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Estudios de Validación como AsuntoRESUMEN
The objective of this study was to evaluate the feasibility and preliminary efficacy of a self-efficacy enhancing intervention designed for pulmonary rehabilitation based on motivational interviewing (MI) for postsurgical non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients. This study was a 2-arm pilot randomized controlled trial and was conducted in two cardiothoracic surgery departments, a tertiary hospital in Fuzhou, China. 28 postsurgical NSCLC patients were randomized to a 3 month (6 session) self-efficacy enhancing intervention based on MI or usual care (UC). Data were measured at baseline and after intervention. The MI based self-efficacy enhancing intervention group was superior to the UC group for reducing anxiety and depression, improving self-efficacy, quality of life, confrontational coping, social support and functional capacity. However, no statistically significant difference was observed in subjective well-being, posttraumatic growth, body mass index and pulmonary function between the two groups. This pilot study demonstrated the feasibility of MI based self-efficacy enhancing intervention for postsurgical NSCLC patients. A larger randomized trial would demonstrate a more rigorous test of efficacy.
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Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/rehabilitación , Neoplasias Pulmonares/rehabilitación , Entrevista Motivacional , Autoeficacia , Adaptación Psicológica , Anciano , Ansiedad/psicología , Índice de Masa Corporal , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/psicología , Carcinoma de Pulmón de Células no Pequeñas/cirugía , China , Depresión/psicología , Estudios de Factibilidad , Femenino , Humanos , Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/cirugía , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Proyectos Piloto , Cuidados Posoperatorios/métodos , Periodo Posoperatorio , Procedimientos Quirúrgicos Pulmonares/rehabilitación , Calidad de Vida , Apoyo SocialRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to develop a Self-Efficacy Scale for Rehabilitation Management designed specifically for postoperative lung cancer patients (SESPRM-LC) and to evaluate its psychometric properties. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Based on the concept of self-management of chronic disease, items were developed from literature review and semistructured interviews of 10 lung cancer patients and screened by expert consultation and pilot testing. Psychometric evaluation was done with 448 postoperative lung cancer patients recruited from 5 tertiary hospitals in Fuzhou, China, by incorporating classical test theory and item response theory methods. RESULTS: A 6-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis and confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis, explaining 60.753% of the total variance. The SESPRM-LC achieved Cronbach's α of 0.694 to 0.893, 2-week test-retest reliability of 0.652 to 0.893, and marginal reliability of 0.565 to 0.934. The predictive and criterion validities were demonstrated by significant association with theoretically supported quality-of-life variables (r = 0.211-0.392, P < .01), and General Perceived Self-efficacy Scale (r = 0.465, P < .01), respectively. Item response theory analysis showed that the SESPRM-LC offers information about a broad range of self-efficacy measures and discriminates well between patients with high and low levels of self-efficacy. CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated initial support for the reliability and validity of the 27-item SESPRM-LC, as a developmentally appropriate instrument for assessing self-efficacy among lung cancer patients during postoperative rehabilitation.
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Neoplasias Pulmonares/psicología , Neoplasias Pulmonares/rehabilitación , Autoeficacia , Autoevaluación (Psicología) , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto , Anciano , China , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Conductas Relacionadas con la Salud , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Periodo Posoperatorio , Psicometría , Reproducibilidad de los ResultadosRESUMEN
Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) associated with liver fluke infection involves inflammatory and immune processes; however, whether these involve the proinflammatory cytokine IL-17A and proliferative cytokine IL-22 remains unclear. Here, numbers of IL-22- and IL-17A-producing Th cells and cytokine concentrations in 30 patients with CCA and long-term liver fluke infection, 40 patients with liver-fluke infection but not CCA, and 16 healthy controls were compared. Analyses were performed using immunohistochemistry, flow cytometry, ELISA and RT-PCR. Immunohistochemical staining showed weaker expression of IL-22 and IL-17A in patients with CCA with than in those without liver fluke infection (P < 0.01). Flow cytometry revealed significantly greater median proportions of IL-22-producing T helper cells in patients with CCA (2.2%) than in those without it (0.69%) or controls (0.4%, P < 0.001). Similar results were obtained for IL-17A-producing T helper cells. ELISA revealed plasma concentrations of IL-22 were 1.3-fold higher in patients with CCA than in those without it and 4.6-fold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Plasma concentrations of IL-17A were 2.5-fold higher in patients with CCA than in those without it, and 21-fold higher than in controls (P < 0.001). Amounts of IL-22 and IL-17A mRNAs in blood were significantly higher in patients with CCA than in the other two groups. Proportions of CD4+ CD45RO+ T cells producing IL-22 correlated with proportions producing IL-17A (r = 0.759; P < 0.001), and plasma concentrations of IL-22 correlated with those of IL-17A (r = 0.726; P < 0.001). These results suggest that both IL-17A and IL-22 affect development of CCA related to liver fluke infection.
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Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/patología , Colangiocarcinoma/patología , Fasciola hepatica/inmunología , Fascioliasis/inmunología , Interleucina-17/metabolismo , Interleucinas/metabolismo , Linfocitos T Colaboradores-Inductores/inmunología , Animales , Neoplasias de los Conductos Biliares/parasitología , Células Cultivadas , Colangiocarcinoma/parasitología , Humanos , Interleucina-17/sangre , Interleucinas/sangre , Hígado/parasitología , Interleucina-22RESUMEN
Neuropathy target esterase (NTE) and NTE-related esterase (NRE) are endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane-anchored proteins belonging to the NTE protein family. NTE and NRE are degraded by macroautophagy and by the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. However, the regulation of NTE and NRE by proteasome has not been well understood. Western blotting showed that the deletion of the regulatory region of NTE and NRE led to protein accumulation compared with that of the corresponding wild-type proteins. Further, deletion and site-directed mutagenesis experiments demonstrated that the destruction (D) box was required for the proteasomal degradation of NTE and NRE. However, unlike the deletion of the regulatory region, the deletion of the D box did not affect the subcellular localisation of NTE or NRE or disrupt the ER. Moreover, the deletion of the D box or the regulatory region of NTE has similar inhibitory effects on cell growth, which are greater than those produced by the full-length NTE. Here, for the first time, we show that the D box is involved in the regulation of NTE family proteins by the proteasome but not in their subcellular localisation. In addition, these results suggest that the NTE overexpression-mediated inhibition of cell growth is related to active protein levels but not to its ER disruption effect.
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Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/química , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/metabolismo , Complejo de la Endopetidasa Proteasomal/metabolismo , Animales , Autofagia , Células COS , Hidrolasas de Éster Carboxílico/genética , Chlorocebus aethiops , Análisis Mutacional de ADN , Células HeLa , Humanos , Unión Proteica , ProteolisisRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: An overview of ethical sensitivity among Chinese registered nurses is needed to develop and optimize the education programs and interventions to cultivate and improve ethical sensitivity. AIM: The study was conducted to explore the barriers to and facilitators of ethical sensitivity among Chinese registered nurses working in hospital settings. RESEARCH DESIGN: A convergent parallel mixed-methods research design was adopted. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: In the cross-sectional quantitative study, the Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-revised version was used to assess the levels of ethical sensitivity among registered nurses, and the scores were correlated with key demographics, training experiences in ethics, and workplace cultural environments (n = 306). In the qualitative study, semi-structured interviews were used to elicit the nurses' perceptions of the barriers and facilitators in nurturing ethical sensitivity (n = 15). The data were collected from February to June 2014. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Yale University and Central South University. RESULTS: Despite moderately high overall Chinese Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-revised version scores, the ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses lags in practice. Barriers to ethical sensitivity include the lack of knowledge related to ethics, lack of working experience as a nurse, the hierarchical organizational climate, and the conformist working attitude. The positive workplace cultural environments and application of ethical knowledge in practice were considered potential facilitators of ethical sensitivity. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study were compared with studies from other countries to examine the barriers and facilitators of ethical sensitivity in Chinese nurses. CONCLUSION: This mixed-methods study showed that even though the Chinese nurses have moderately high sensitivity to the ethical issues encountered in hospitals, there is still room for improvement. The barriers to and facilitators of ethical sensitivity identified here offer new and important strategies to support and enhance the nurses' sensitivity to ethical issues.
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Ética en Enfermería/educación , Conocimientos, Actitudes y Práctica en Salud , Atención de Enfermería/ética , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/ética , Adulto , Análisis de Varianza , China , Estudios Transversales , Empatía , Ética Institucional , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , Desarrollo Moral , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/educación , Investigación Cualitativa , Encuestas y Cuestionarios , Lugar de Trabajo , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
BACKGROUND: Ethical issues pose challenges for nurses who are increasingly caring for patients in complicated situations. Ethical sensitivity is a prerequisite for nurses to make decisions in the best interest of their patients in daily practice. Currently, there is no tool for assessing ethical sensitivity in Chinese language, and no empirical studies of ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses. RESEARCH OBJECTIVES: The study was conducted to translate the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version (MSQ-R) into Chinese and establish the psychometric properties of the Moral Sensitivity Questionnaire-Revised Version into Chinese (MSQ-R-CV). RESEARCH DESIGN: This research was a methodological and descriptive study. PARTICIPANTS AND RESEARCH CONTEXT: MSQ-R was translated into Chinese using Brislin's model, and the Translation Validity Index was evaluated. MSQ-R-CV was then distributed along with a demographic questionnaire to 360 nurses working at tertiary and municipal hospitals in Changsha, China. ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS: This study was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of Yale University and Central South University. FINDINGS: MSQ-R-CV achieved Cronbach's alpha 0.82, Spearman-Brown coefficient 0.75, significant item discrimination (p < 0.001), and item-total correlation values ranging from 0.524 to 0.717. A two-factor structure was illustrated by exploratory factor analysis, and further confirmed by confirmatory factor analysis. Chinese nurses had a mean total score of 40.22 ± 7.08 on the MSQ-R-CV, and sub-scores of 23.85 ± 4.4 for moral responsibility and strength and 16.37 ± 3.75 for sense of moral burden. DISCUSSION: The findings of this study were compared with studies from other countries to examine the structure and meaningful implications of ethical sensitivity in Chinese nurses. CONCLUSION: The two-factor MSQ-R-CV (moral responsibility and strength, and sense of moral burden) is a linguistically and culturally appropriate instrument for assessing ethical sensitivity among Chinese nurses.
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Comparación Transcultural , Empatía , Ética en Enfermería , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/ética , Encuestas y Cuestionarios/normas , Adulto , China , Análisis Factorial , Femenino , Humanos , Masculino , Personal de Enfermería en Hospital/psicología , Psicometría , Estadísticas no Paramétricas , Traducciones , Adulto JovenRESUMEN
OBJECTIVE: To compare the daily intake of lutein+zeaxanthin, serum concentrations of lutein, zeaxanthin and serum lipids between age-related macular degeneration (AMD) patients and controls. METHODS: AMD was diagnosed and graded according to the fundus morphology and the standard of age-related eye disease study (AREDS). In the study, 51 subjects with early AMD, 51 with medium AMD and 51 without AMD as controls were recruited. Food frequency questionnaires were used to calculate the daily intake of lutein and zeaxanthin. The concentrations of serum lutein and zeaxanthin were measured by HPLC and the concentrations of serum lipids including serum total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high density lipoprotein (HDL) and low density lipoprotein (LDL) were measured by Roche full-automatic biochemical analyzer. RESULTS: The daily intake of lutein+zeaxanthin, the concentrations of serum lutein and serum zeaxanthin of the subjects with medium AMD were 7 870.458 µg/d, 0.180 µmol/L, 0.029 µmol/L respectively, which were all significantly lower than those of the controls (11 297.959 µg/d, 0.285 µmol/L, 0.044 µmol/L, P<0.05); The concentrations of serum HDL of the subjects with early and medium AMD were (1.29±0.27) mmol/L and (1.16±0.30) mmol/L respectively, both of which were significantly lower than that of the controls [(1.45±0.35) mmol/L, P<0.001]. CONCLUSION: The development of AMD might be affected by the daily intake of lutein+zeaxanthin and the serum concentrations of lutein and zeaxanthin. The concentration of serum HDL might be related to the occurrence of AMD.
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Lípidos/sangre , Luteína/sangre , Degeneración Macular/sangre , Zeaxantinas/sangre , Estudios de Casos y Controles , Humanos , Luteína/administración & dosificación , Zeaxantinas/administración & dosificaciónRESUMEN
Human respiratory syncytial virus (HRSV) is the most prevalent pathogen contributing to acute respiratory tract infections (ARTI) in infants and young children and can lead to significant financial and medical costs. Here, we developed a simultaneous, dual-gene and ultrasensitive detection system for typing HRSV within 60 minutes that needs only minimum laboratory support. Briefly, multiplex integrating reverse transcription-recombinase polymerase amplification (RT-RPA) was performed with viral RNA extracted from nasopharyngeal swabs as a template for the amplification of the specific regions of subtypes A (HRSVA) and B (HRSVB) of HRSV. Next, the Pyrococcus furiosus Argonaute (PfAgo) protein utilizes small 5'-phosphorylated DNA guides to cleave target sequences and produce fluorophore signals (FAM and ROX). Compared with the traditional gold standard (RT-qPCR) and direct immunofluorescence assay (DFA), this method has the additional advantages of easy operation, efficiency and sensitivity, with a limit of detection (LOD) of 1 copy/µL. In terms of clinical sample validation, the diagnostic accuracy of the method for determining the HRSVA and HRSVB infection was greater than 95%. This technique provides a reliable point-of-care (POC) testing for the diagnosis of HRSV-induced ARTI in children and for outbreak management, especially in resource-limited settings.
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ARN Viral , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano , Sensibilidad y Especificidad , Humanos , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/genética , Virus Sincitial Respiratorio Humano/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Infecciones por Virus Sincitial Respiratorio/virología , ARN Viral/genética , Lactante , Pyrococcus furiosus/genética , Pyrococcus furiosus/aislamiento & purificación , Proteínas Argonautas/genética , Técnicas de Diagnóstico Molecular/métodos , Técnicas de Amplificación de Ácido Nucleico/métodos , Límite de Detección , Nasofaringe/virología , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/diagnóstico , Infecciones del Sistema Respiratorio/virología , PreescolarRESUMEN
Recently members of mammalian patatin-like phospholipase domain containing (PNPLA) protein family have attracted attention for their critical roles in diverse aspects of lipid metabolism and signal pathway. Until now little has been known about the characteristics of PNPLA1. Here, the full length coding cDNA sequence of human PNPLA1 (hPNPLA1) was cloned for the first time, which encoded a polypeptide with 532 amino acids containing the whole patatin domain. Tissue expression profiles analysis showed that low mRNA levels of hPNPLA1 existed in various tissues, except high expression in the digestive system, bone marrow and spleen. Subcellular distribution of hPNPLA1 tagged with green fluorescence protein mainly localized to lipid droplets. Furthermore, a nonsense mutation of PNPLA1 in human cervical cancer HeLa cells was identified. The hPNPLA1 mutant encoded a protein of 412 amino acids without the C-terminal domain and did not colocalize to lipid droplets, which suggested that the C-terminal region of hPNPLA1 affected lipid droplet binding. These results identified hPNPLA1 and a mutant in HeLa cells, and provided insights into the structure and function of PNPLA1.
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Lipasa/metabolismo , Mutación/genética , Neoplasias del Cuello Uterino/metabolismo , Adulto , Secuencia de Aminoácidos , Animales , Secuencia de Bases , Células COS , Chlorocebus aethiops , Clonación Molecular , Femenino , Perfilación de la Expresión Génica , Genoma Humano/genética , Células HeLa , Humanos , Lipasa/química , Lipasa/genética , Modelos Moleculares , Datos de Secuencia Molecular , Proteínas Mutantes/química , Proteínas Mutantes/genética , Sistemas de Lectura Abierta/genética , Fracciones Subcelulares/metabolismoRESUMEN
PURPOSE: To report atypical clinical features and diagnosis of stromal herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) and to evaluate the diagnostic efficiency of tear HSV-sIgA in atypical HSK. STUDY DESIGN: Prospective observational study. METHODS: Records of keratitis' patients with tear herpes simplex virus (HSV)-sIgA test results acquired between May 2019 and November 2021 were evaluated retrospectively. Positive tear HSV-sIgA test was used to identify herpes simplex virus (HSV) infection. Patients with typical presentations and histories of HSV keratitis (HSK) were excluded. RESULTS: Eleven eyes of 11 patients initially diagnosed as keratitis caused by other etiology were confirmed as having HSV infection by positive results of tear HSV-sIgA. Clinical features of atypical stromal HSK were variable. Antiviral treatment was effective in all patients. CONCLUSION: The appearance of an atypical stromal HSK represents a diagnostic challenge. Tear HSV-sIgA test could help provide a quick diagnosis.
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Herpes Simple , Queratitis Herpética , Humanos , Estudios Retrospectivos , Queratitis Herpética/diagnóstico , Queratitis Herpética/tratamiento farmacológico , Simplexvirus , Sustancia Propia , Inmunoglobulina A SecretoraRESUMEN
There are limited reports on the relationship between spirituality and mental stress in PLWH in China, who may be subject to anti-religious pressures from the government. In this study, we aimed to understand whether spirituality influences Chinese PLWH's mental stress and, if so, at what level. We recruited 200 PLWHs from Beijing's Ditan Hospital to complete a cross-sectional survey inquiring about their practice of spirituality as well as their level of mental stress. The study found that PLWH who presented with a mid-level of spirituality have the highest mental stress when compared to those who have a low level of spiritual beliefs or a high level of spiritual beliefs. This study points to the utility of healthcare providers taking PLWH's potential spirituality into consideration, perhaps in particular for those with a moderate level of spirituality, in order to provide the most comprehensive care possible.