A New Species and New Record of Freshwater Turbellarians of the Genus Gieysztoria (Platyhelminthes: Rhabdocoela) from China.

A new species of Dalyelliidae, Gieysztoria pellucida Wang and You, is described based on material collected in southern China through an integrative approach combining morphological, histological, and molecular (18S and 28S rDNA) data. Gieysztoria pellucida sp. nov. is morphologically characterized by a fan-shaped (about 270° when pressed) stylet, consisting of 13 similar distal spines and a broad girdle without fenestrae region. This stylet is distinct from that of any other similar species in the Aequales group to which this species belongs. In addition, specimens identifiable as Gieysztoria garudae Van Steenkiste, Van Mulken, and Artois, 2012 were discovered from the same location as G. pellucida sp. nov. Gieysztoria garudae has previously been known only from India; the present study thus represents the first record of the species from China.

Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha (+489 G/A) Polymorphism Can Predict the Response to Adalimumab in Chinese Han Patients With Ankylosing Spondylitis.

BACKGROUND: Studies investigating the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα) and the efficacy of adalimumab (ADA) in ankylosing spondylitis (AS) therapy have reported conflicting results. We aimed to investigate the value of SNP typing of TNFα in predicting the efficacy of ADA in AS. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Eighty patients with active AS who received ADA treatment were followed up for 24 weeks. Six known SNPs of TNFα (+489G/A, -238G/A, -308G/A, -857C/T, -863C/A, and -1031C/T) were subjected to the SNaPshot SNP typing method, which has been proven to be a reliable, efficient, and cost-effective method for detecting SNPs. The relationship between each SNP genotype and the therapeutic efficacy of ADA was analyzed. RESULTS: At the end of the 24-week follow-up, 58.8% of the patients with AS achieved Assessment of SpondyloArthritis International Society (ASAS) partial remission (PR), 67.5% of the patients achieved the criteria of an ASAS40 response (40% improvement on indices), and 53.8% of the patients achieved Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score (ASDAS) major improvement (MI). The univariate analysis showed that patients with AS carrying the TNFα +489 A allele were more likely to achieve ASAS-PR, ASAS40 response criteria, and ASDAS-MI after ADA treatment. In the multivariate regression analysis, the TNFα +489 A allele was an independent factor influencing the efficacy of ADA in treating AS (ASAS-PR odds ratio (OR) = 2.66, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 1.01-7.01; ASAS40 OR = 4.56, 95% CI = 1.39-15.00; ASDAS-MI OR = 3.31, 95% CI = 1.02-10.69). CONCLUSIONS: The patients carrying the TNFα +489 A allele may be more likely to experience better therapeutic efficacy and achieve the treatment target (ASAS-PR, ASAS40 response, or ASDAS-MI) after receiving ADA treatment. Detection of TNFα +489 G/A may predict the therapeutic efficacy of ADA, which can be used in clinical practice to tailor treatment for individual patients with AS. Further studies with larger sample sizes and longer follow-up periods with imaging evaluation are needed to verify our findings.

Comparison of clinical characteristics between adult-onset and juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis in Chinese patients: results from the COCAS cohort.

BACKGROUND: Axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) is a chronic inflammatory rheumatic disease predominantly affecting the axial skeleton. We aimed to describe the clinical characteristics of patients with non-radiographic axSpA (nr-axSpA) in China and compare the differences between adult- and juvenile-onset cases. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted using data from 776 patients with nr-axSpA in the Clinical Characteristic and Outcome in Chinese Axial Spondyloarthritis (COCAS) study cohort. Patients were divided into two groups including the adult-onset group (n = 662) and the juvenile-onset group (n = 114) according to age at disease onset. Baseline demographics and clinical characteristics were compared between patients with adult-onset and juvenile-onset nr-axSpA. RESULTS: Overall, the male-to-female ratio was 1.26:1, the prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity was 72.2%, and the median age at disease onset of nr-axSpA was 22 years. Nearly 75% of nr-axSpA patients had peripheral arthritis in the disease course, and the prevalence of extra-articular manifestations was 10.4%. The juvenile-onset group contained a higher proportion of men (66.7% vs. 53.9%, P = 0.011) and a longer baseline disease duration (4.0 [4.0] vs. 1.6 [3.5], P < 0.001) than the adult-onset group. A family history of spondyloarthritis was more frequent in the juvenile-onset group than in the adult-onset group (23.7% vs. 15.4%, P = 0.028), but no significant difference in the prevalence of HLA-B27 positivity was observed between the two groups (P = 0.537). Regarding initial symptoms, peripheral arthritis occurred more often in patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA, whereas patients with adult-onset nr-axSpA presented more frequently with axial involvement. The prevalence of inflammatory back pain (IBP) was higher in the adult-onset group than in the juvenile-onset group (85.0% vs. 75.4%, P = 0.010), whereas the juvenile-onset group showed a higher prevalence of peripheral arthritis and enthesitis than the adult-onset group (67.5% vs. 48.5%, P < 0.001; 35.1% vs. 23.3%, P = 0.007, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: Compared with adult-onset nr-axSpA, juvenile-onset nr-axSpA was more common in men and those with a family history of spondyloarthritis. Juvenile-onset nr-axSpA presents with a "peripheral predominant" mode at disease onset and a higher frequency of peripheral arthritis and enthesitis during the disease course.

Risk factors for progression of juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis to juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis: a nested case-control study.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the clinical characteristics of juvenile-onset non-radiographic axial spondyloarthritis (nr-axSpA) and to investigate risk factors associated with progression to juvenile-onset ankylosing spondylitis (JoAS). METHODS: A nested case-control study was conducted using the retrospectively collected data of 106 patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA (age at disease onset, <16 years) in the Clinical characteristic and Outcome in Chinese Axial Spondyloarthritis study cohort. Baseline demographic and clinical characteristics and prognosis were reviewed. Logistic regression analyses were performed to investigate risk factors associated with progression to JoAS. RESULTS: Overall, 58.5% of patients with juvenile-onset nr-axSpA presented with peripheral symptoms at disease onset. In 82.1% of these patients, axial with peripheral involvement occurred during the disease course. The rate of disease onset at >12 years and disease duration of ≤10 years were significantly higher in those with progression to JoAS than in those without progression to JoAS (83.0% vs 52.8%, p=0.001; 92.5% vs 56.6%, p<0.001, respectively). Multivariable logistic regression analysis revealed that inflammatory back pain (IBP) (OR 13.359 (95% CI 2.549 to 70.013)), buttock pain (OR 10.171 (95% CI 2.197 to 47.085)), enthesitis (OR 7.113 (95% CI 1.670 to 30.305)), elevated baseline C reactive protein (CRP) levels (OR 7.295 (95% CI 1.984 to 26.820)) and sacroiliac joint-MRI (SIJ-MRI) positivity (OR 53.821 (95% CI 9.705 to 298.475)) were significantly associated with progression to JoAS. CONCLUSION: Peripheral involvement was prevalent in juvenile-onset nr-axSpA. IBP, buttock pain, enthesitis, elevated baseline CRP levels and SIJ-MRI positivity in patients with the disease are associated with higher risk of progression to JoAS.

Neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) plus targeted agents versus NCT alone in colorectal liver metastases patients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

PURPOSE: To assess the efficacy of neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) plus targeted agents versus NCT alone for the treatment of colorectal liver metastases (CRLM) patients. METHODS: Trials published between 1994 and 2015 were identified by an electronic search of public databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane library). All clinical studies were independently identified by two authors for inclusion. Demographic data, treatment regimens, objective response rate (ORR), hepatic resection and R0 hepatic resection rate were extracted and analyzed using Comprehensive MetaAnalysis software (Version 2.0). RESULTS: A total of 40 cohorts with 2099 CRLM patients were included: 962 patients were treated with NCT alone, 602 with NCT plus anti-epidermal growth-factor receptor (EGFR)-monoclonal antibodies (MoAbs) and 535 with NCT plus bevacizumab. Pooled ORR was significantly higher for NCT plus bevacizumab or anti-EGFR-MoAbs than NCT alone [relative risk (RR) 1.53, 95% CI 1.30-1.80; p < 0.001; RR 1.53, 95% CI: 1.27-1.83, p < 0.001; respectively]. NCT plus bevacizumab significantly improved R0 hepatic resection rate (RR 1.61, 95% CI: 1.27-2.04, p < 0.001), but not for overall hepatic resection rate (RR 1.26, 95% CI: 0.81-1.94, p = 0.30). While hepatic resection and R0 hepatic resection rate was comparable between NCT plus anti-EGFR-MoAbs and NCT alone (p = 0.42 and p = 0.37, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: In comparison with NCT alone, NCT plus bevacizumab significantly improve ORR and R0 hepatic resection rate but not for hepatic resection rate. Our findings support the need to compare NCT plus bevacizumab with NCT alone in the neoadjuvant setting in large prospective trials due to its higher hepatic resection rate and R0 hepatic resection rate in CRLM patients.

[Clinical application of 64-slice computed tomographic angiography-based virtual colonoscopy in the diagnosis of colonic tumors].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical value of 64-slice computed tomographic angiography (CTA)-based virtual colonoscopy in the diagnosis of colonic tumors. METHODS: Philips/Brilliance 64 CT volumetric scanning was performed in 8 patients with colonic cancer and 2 with colonic polypi identified by postoperative pathological examination. Mimics software was used for surface rendering of the intestine with the Marching Cubes algorithm for 3-dimensional (3D) virtual endoscope (VE) reconstruction and CTA-based 3D reconstruction of the large intestine and the surrounding structures. The location, volume and appearance of the lesions displayed by the virtual techniques were compared with the pathological results. RESULTS: The 3D reconstruction was successfully completed in all the 10 cases, and the imaging diagnoses showed a total match with the pathological diagnoses. No significant differences were found between virtual endoscopy and CT virtual endoscopy. Virtual colonoscopy combined with digital model reconstruction provided valuable information for accurate identification of the position of the lesions and the complex adjacent anatomical structures. CONCLUSION: Virtual colonoscopy based on 64-slice CTA, when combined with 3D reconstruction technique, allows accurate display of the colonic lesions and potential metastasis, which can be crucial for clinical staging and surgical planning of colonic cancer.