Assessment of COVID-19 vaccine booster dose acceptance, reluctance and concerns among elderly diabetes patients in Pakistan.

People around the globe rumored so many things about the safety and efficacy of initial two doses and booster dose of Covid-19 vaccine, which eventually affected the acceptance of the only tool available against the fight between humans and virus. The aim of current study is to evaluate the acceptance and reluctance level among the population specifically elderly diabetes patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted during a time period of 3 months i.e. from July 2021 until September 2021. A 16-item questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance, reluctance and concerns of the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose among elderly diabetes patients. A 16-item questionnaire was used to assess the acceptance, reluctance and concerns of the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose among elderly diabetes patients. A total of 497 responses were collected and analyzed. Approximately 32% of respondents believed that they need additional information about the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose will be ineffective due to not enough information about the potential side effects of the vaccine dose, while around 80% of respondents showed concerns about safety, efficacy, newness and not enough information about vaccine contents. Around 47.1% of respondents expressed robust concerns about possible side effects of the Covid-19 vaccine booster dose.

The behavior of residual pulmonary artery gradient after arterial switch operation: A longitudinal data analysis.

OBJECTIVE: The arterial switch operation (ASO) is the standard treatment for the transposition of the great arteries. The timely variation in the residual pressure gradient across the pulmonary arteries is ill-defined. This study is aimed to study the progressive changes in the pressure gradient across the pulmonary valve and pulmonary arteries after ASO. METHODS: All eligible patients for this study who underwent ASO between 2000 and 2019 were reviewed. Transthoracic echocardiography was used to estimate the peak pressure gradient across the pulmonary artery and its branches. The primary outcome was the total peak pressure gradient (TPG) which is the sum of peak pressure gradients across the main pulmonary artery and pulmonary artery branches. Furthermore, longitudinal data analyses with mixed-effect modeling were used to determine the independent predictors for the changes in the pressure gradient. RESULTS: Three hundred and nine patients were included in the study. Over a 17-year follow-up, the freedom from pulmonary stenosis reintervention was 95% (16 out of the 309 patients underwent reintervention = 5%). The longitudinal data analyses of serial 1844 echocardiographic studies for the included patients revealed that the TPG recorded in the first postoperative echocardiogram across pulmonary valve, right and left pulmonary artery branches was the most significant predictor for reintervention. CONCLUSION: The total peak gradient measured in the first postoperative echocardiogram is the most important predictor for reintervention. We propose that a total peak gradient in the first postoperative echocardiography of 55 mm Hg or more is a predictor for reintervention.