Development of a multiplex qRT-PCR assay for detection of classical swine fever virus, African swine fever virus, and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae.

Classical swine fever virus (CSFV), African swine fever virus (ASFV), and Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae (E. rhusiopathiae) remain endemic in many parts of China. Co-infections make distinguishing their clinical symptoms and pathological changes difficult. This study developed a multiplex real-time quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (multiplex qRT-PCR) that can simultaneously detect CSFV, ASFV, and E. rhusiopathiae. Three sets of primers and probes were designed to target the CSFV 5΄ untranslated region, ASFV p72 gene, and E. rhusiopathiae 16sRNA gene. Multiplex qRT-PCR for simultaneous differential detection of these three pathogens was developed after optimizing reaction parameters such as annealing temperature, primer and probe concentrations, amplification cycles, etc. The multiplex qRT-PCR could detect CSFV, ASFV, and E. rhusiopathiae simultaneously but could not amplify other porcine pathogens. The assay's limit of detection (LOD) was 2.89 × 102 copies/µL for CSFV, ASFV, and E. rhusiopathiae. All correlation coefficients (R2) at higher than 0.99, and the amplification efficiency was 98, 90, and 84%, respectively. All correlation coefficients (R2) were higher than 0.99, and the efficacy of amplification was 84%. In a repeatability test utilizing standard recombinant plasmids, the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation (CVs) were less than 2.27 and 3.79 percent, respectively. Lastly, 150 clinical samples were used to evaluate the assay's applicability in the field. The positive rates of CSFV, ASFV, and E. rhusiopathiae were 1.33%, 0, and 3.33%, respectively. And no co-infection among the three pathogens was found. The concordance rate between the multiplex qRT-PCR and single-plex commercial PCR kits reached 100%. This study's multiplex qRT-PCR could provide a rapid, sensitive, and specific method for the simultaneous and differential detection of CSFV, ASFV, and E. rhusiopathiae.

Effect of dental plaque control on infection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa.

BACKGROUND: Data on the role of dental plaque in the transmission of Helicobactor pylori have varied. Furthermore, there has been few reports on the relationship between dental plaque control and H. pylori infection of gastric mucosa. The purpose of this study was to elucidate this potential relationship. METHODS: The 13C urea breath test was conducted on 56 subjects who received dental plaque control and 51 subjects who did not. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa was 19.64% in patients who received dental plaque control, which was significantly lower than in those without dental plaque control (84.31%). CONCLUSION: Long-term professional dental plaque control was associated with less gastric reinfection by H. pylori, suggesting that dental plaque control may help to prevent H. pylori-induced gastric disease or reinfection.

A Novel Enzootic Nasal Tumor Virus Circulating in Goats from Southern China.

Enzootic nasal tumor virus (ENTV) has two types, ENTV-1 in sheep and ENTV-2 in goats, respectively. In China, the incidence of ENTV-2 related diseases has increased year by year. In this study, we reported an outbreak of ENTV-2 in a commercial goat farm in Qingyuan city, Guangdong province, southern China. A full-length genome of ENTV-2 (designated GDQY2017), with 7479 base pairs, was sequenced. Although GDQY2017 shared the highest nucleotide identity with a Chinese ENTV-2 isolate (ENTV-2CHN4, GenBank accession number KU258873), it possesses distinct genome characteristics undescribed, including a non-continuous 21-nucleotide insertion in the gag gene and a non-continuous 12-nucleotide deletion in the env gene. Notably, most of these indel nucleotide sequences were originated from a Chinese jaagsiekte sheep retrovirus (JSRV) isolate (GenBank accession number DQ838494). In the gag and env genes, GDQY2017 was phylogenetically related to those Chinese ENTV-2 isolates and a Chinese JSRV isolate (DQ838494). For GDQY2017-like viruses, more surveillance work should be made to explain their pathogenicity in goat herds. To our knowledge, this study represents the first to demonstrate the circulating pattern of ENTV-2 in Guangdong province, China, which will help to better understand the epidemiology and genetic diversity of ENTV-2.

Genome Sequence of a Novel Porcine Circovirus Type 2 Strain That Reemerged in Southern China.

Here, we describe a novel porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) variant (GD2014) found in the Guangdong province, southern China. Its complete genome is 1,766 nucleotides and contained a 708-nucleotide open reading frame 2 (ORF2). Sequence analysis suggested that GD2014 is closest to JS2015 originating from the Jiangsu province of China and belongs to the PCV2d genotype.

[Establishment of animal model for research of first molar mesial movement in rat].

PURPOSE: To establish an animal model for research of first molar mesial movement in rat. METHODS: Forty 7-weeks-old SPF female Wistar rats were chosen in this experiment, which were divided into two groups. In each group, the two central incisors were used as anchorage to move the maxillary first molars mesially. In one group, traditional orthodontic appliances was used to move the first molars, while in another group modified device was used for moving the first molars. The distance of first molar mesial movement, the drop-off rate of orthodontic appliances and the periodontal status of first molars were evaluated. The data were analyzed with SPSS 11.0 software package. RESULTS: The drop-off rate in the group of individual orthodontic appliances was 5%. The drop-off rate in the group of traditional orthodontic appliance was 35%. There was significant difference in drop-off rate of orthodontic appliances and periodontal status of first molars between the two groups. But there was no significant difference on the molar moving distance. CONCLUSIONS: Individual orthodontic appliances are more suitable for tooth movement research than traditional ones. This animal model using individual orthodontic appliances can be used in future tooth movement research.

Effect of dental plaque control on infection of Helicobacter pylori in gastric mucosa.

BACKGROUND: Data on the role of dental plaque in the transmission of Helicobacter pylori have varied. Furthermore, there has been few reports on the relationship between dental plaque control and H. pylori infection of gastric mucosa. The purpose of this study was to elucidate this potential relationship. METHODS: The (13)C urea breath test was conducted on 56 subjects who received dental plaque control and 51 subjects who did not. RESULTS: The prevalence of H. pylori in the gastric mucosa was 19.64% in patients who received dental plaque control, which was significantly lower than in those without dental plaque control (84.31%). CONCLUSION: Long-term professional dental plaque control was associated with less gastric reinfection by H. pylori, suggesting that dental plaque control may help to prevent H. pylori-induced gastric disease or reinfection.

[Effects on Helicobacter pylori reinfection in gastric mucosa by two oral plaque control methods].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the reinfection rate of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) in gastric mucosa by two measures of oral plaque control on patients, and to demonstrate the necessity and better method of plaque control on those patients. METHODS: 148 patients suffered gastritis or gastroduodenal ulcer were assigned into test group 1 (54 patients), test group 2 (55 patients) and control group (39 patients). 13C-urea breath test proved that there were no H. pylori in their gastric mucosa. Daily plaque control was used in test group 1, oral professorial interventions were added into test group 2, neither daily plaque control nor oral professorial interventions was conducted in control group. All patients were conducted 13C-urea breath test again after half a year to determine the reinfection rate of H. pylori in gastric mucosa. RESULTS: 5 patients were eliminated because of stopping mouthwash in the test group 1, 8 patients failed to control dental plaque in the test group 2. The infection rates of H. pylori in gastric mucosa of test group 1, test group 2 and control group were 67.3%, 19.1%, 82.1%, respectively. The infection rate of H. pylori of test group 2 was lower significantly than that in control group and test group 1 (chi2=33, P<0.05; chi2=31.06, P<0.05). There were no significant difference between test group 1 and control group (chi2=2.43, 0.1