Effectiveness and safety of GLP-1 agonist in obese patients with inflammatory bowel disease.

BACKGROUND: Obesity affects many patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). Glucagon-like peptide (GLP)-1 agonists are a promising therapy for obese patients. However, there is a lack of evidence of the use of these drugs in IBD populations. We investigated the efficacy and safety of GLP-1 agonists in a cohort of obese patients with IBD. METHODS: We analyzed a cohort of consecutive IBD patients who received GLP-1 agonists indicated for treating obesity between 2019 and 2021. The GLP-1 agonists included were semaglutide 1.0 mg or liraglutide 3.0 mg. The coprimary endpoints were the percentage of change in body weight from baseline to 6 months and a weight reduction of 5% or more at 6 months. In addition, we reviewed the safety profile of GLP-1 agonist therapy and its impact on the IBD course. RESULTS: We included 16 obese patients with IBD (9 CD and 7 UC). The median body mass index at baseline was 35 (32-37). The percentage of change in body weight was -6.2% (-3.4-(-8.5)) at 6 months, and a 5% or more weight reduction was achieved in 58.3% (7/12) of patients at 6 months. The most common side effect was nausea (13.3%), and one patient withdrew for diarrhea. IBD activity score did not change significantly during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Our results showed that GLP-1 agonists were effective and had a good safety profile in IBD patients. Most adverse effects were mild, and the IBD activity had no significant changes.

Bio-guided isolation of aromatic abietane diterpenoids from Salvia canariensis as biopesticides in the control of phytopathogenic fungi.

BACKGROUND: Biofungicides arise as a promising alternative to the indiscriminate use of harmful synthetic fungicides in crop management. RESULTS: The present study reports the bio-guided fractionation of an endemic plant from the Canary Islands, Salvia canariensis against the phytopathogens, Alternaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, and Fusarium oxysporum. This procedure allowed identifying a series of diterpenoids with an abietane skeleton (1-5), which exhibited remarkable activity against the phytopathogenic fungi assayed. Their structures were established by means of spectroscopic and spectrometric methods, as well as comparison with reported data. Compounds 2 (carnosic acid), 4 (11-acetoxy carnosic acid) and 5 (11,12-diacetoxy carnosic acid) showed significant mycelium growth inhibition (%GI > 50 at 0.1 mg/mL concentration) on all the assayed fungi, and with a potency also higher than the positive control, Fosbel-Plus, a fungicide commonly used in agriculture. A preliminary structure-activity relationship is also discussed. CONCLUSIONS: These findings underline the aromatic abietane diterpenoids as promising eco-friendly alternatives to conventional fungicides to use in integrated pest management. © 2024 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

Salvadoran Celastraceae Species as a Source of Antikinetoplastid Quinonemethide Triterpenoids.

Chagas disease and leishmaniasis are among the most widespread neglected tropical diseases, and their current therapies have limited efficacy and several toxic side effects. The present study reports the chemical and antikinetoplastid profiles of extracts from five Salvadoran Celastraceae species against the Trypanosoma cruzi epimastigotes stage and Leishmania amazonensis and Leishmania donovani promastigote forms. The phytochemical profile evinced the presence of flavonoids, tannins, sterols, and triterpenes as the main components in all plant species, whereas quinonemethide triterpenoids (QMTs) were restricted to the root bark of the studied species. Antikinetoplastid evaluation highlights the root bark extracts from Zinowewia integerrima, Maytenus segoviarum, and Quetzalia ilicina as the most promising ones, exhibiting higher potency against T. cruzi (IC50 0.71-1.58 µg/mL) and L. amazonensis (IC50 0.38-2.05 µg/mL) than the reference drugs, benznidazole (IC50 1.81 µg/mL) and miltefosine (IC50 2.64 µg/mL), respectively. This potent activity was connected with an excellent selectivity index on the murine macrophage J774A.1 cell line. These findings reinforce the potential of QMTs as antikinetoplastid agents for the development of innovative phytopharmaceuticals and the plant species under study as a source of these promising lead compounds.

Controversies in the management of anti-TNF therapy in patients with Crohn's disease: a Delphi consensus.

BACKGROUND: Despite research, there are still controversial areas in the management of Crohn's disease (CD). OBJECTIVE: To establish practical recommendations on using anti-tumour necrosis factor (TNF) drugs in patients with moderate-to-severe CD. METHODS: Clinical controversies in the management of CD using anti-TNF therapies were identified. A comprehensive literature review was performed, and a national survey was launched to examine current clinical practices when using anti-TNF therapies. Their results were discussed by expert gastroenterologists within a nominal group meeting, and a set of statements was proposed and tested in a Delphi process. RESULTS: Qualitative study. The survey and Delphi process were sent to 244 CD-treating physicians (response rate: 58%). A total of 14 statements were generated. All but two achieved agreement. These statements cover: (1) use of first-line non-anti-TNF biological therapy; (2) role of HLA-DQA1*05 in daily practice; (3) attitudes in primary non-response and loss of response to anti-TNF therapy due to immunogenicity; (4) use of ustekinumab or vedolizumab if a change in action mechanism is warranted; (5) anti-TNF drug level monitoring; (6) combined therapy with an immunomodulator. CONCLUSION: This document sought to pull together the best evidence, experts' opinions, and treating physicians' attitudes when using anti-TNF therapies in patients with CD.

The Natural History of Patients With Pre-Existing and De Novo Inflammatory Bowel Disease After Solid Organ Transplantation: EITOS Study of GETECCU.

BACKGROUND: Limited data are available on the outcome of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in patients with solid organ transplantation (SOT). We describe the natural history of pre-existing IBD and de novo IBD after SOT. METHODS: This was a retrospective, multicenter study that included patients with pre-existing IBD at the time of SOT and patients with de novo IBD after SOT. The primary outcome was IBD progression, defined by escalation of medical treatment, surgical therapy, or hospitalization due to refractory IBD. Risk factors were identified using multivariate Cox proportional hazard analysis. RESULTS: A total of 177 patients (106 pre-existing IBD and 71 de novo IBD) were included. Most patients with pre-existing IBD (92.5%) were in remission before SOT. During follow-up, 32% of patients with pre-existing IBD had disease progression, with a median time between SOT and IBD progression of 2.2 (interquartile range, 1.3-4.6) years. In the de novo cohort, 55% of patients had disease progression with a median time to flare of 1.9 (interquartile range, 0.8-3.9) years after diagnosis. In the pre-existing IBD cohort, active IBD at the time of SOT (hazard ratio, 1.80; 95% confidence interval, 1.14-2.84; P = .012) and the presence of extraintestinal manifestations (hazard ratio, 3.10; 95% confidence interval, 1.47-6.54; P = .003) were predictive factors for IBD progression. CONCLUSIONS: One-third of patients with pre-existing IBD and about half of patients with de novo IBD have disease progression after SOT. Active IBD at the time of SOT and the presence of extraintestinal manifestations were identified as risk factors for IBD progression.

Clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with two consecutive anti-TNF agents: data from the ENEIDA registry.

Background: Infliximab seems to be the most efficacious of the three available anti-TNF agents for ulcerative colitis (UC) but little is known when it is used as the second anti-TNF. Objectives: To compare the clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in UC patients. Design: Retrospective observational study. Methods: Patients from the ENEIDA registry treated consecutively with infliximab and a subcutaneous anti-TNF (or vice versa), naïve to other biological agents, were identified and grouped according to the administration route of the first anti-TNF into IVi (intravenous initially) or SCi (subcutaneous initially). Results: Overall, 473 UC patients were included (330 IVi and 143 SCi). Clinical response at week 14 was 42.7% and 48.3% in the IVi and SCi groups (non-statistically significant), respectively. Clinical remission rates at week 52 were 32.8% and 31.4% in the IVi and SCi groups (nonsignificant differences), respectively. A propensity-matched score analysis showed a higher clinical response rate at week 14 in the SCi group and higher treatment persistence in the IVi group. Regarding long-term outcomes, dose escalation and discontinuation due to the primary failure of the first anti-TNF and more severe disease activity at the beginning of the second anti-TNF were inversely associated with clinical remission. Conclusion: The use of a second anti-TNF for UC seems to be reasonable in terms of efficacy, although it is particularly reduced in the case of the primary failure of the first anti-TNF. Whether the second anti-TNF is infliximab or subcutaneous does not seem to affect efficacy.

OBJECTIVES: To compare the clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in UC patients. DESIGN: Retrospective observational study. METHODS: Patients from the ENEIDA registry treated consecutively with infliximab and a subcutaneous anti-TNF (or vice versa), naïve to other biological agents, were identified and grouped according to the administration route of the first anti-TNF into IVi (intravenous initially) or SCi (subcutaneous initially). RESULTS: Overall, 473 UC patients were included (330 IVi, 143 SCi). Clinical response at week 14 was 42.7% and 48.3% in the IVi and SCi groups (non-statistically significant), respectively. Clinical remission rates at week 52 were 32.8% and 31.4%, in the IVi and SCi groups (nonsignificant differences), respectively. A propensity-matched score analysis showed a higher clinical response rate at week 14 in the SCi group and higher treatment persistence in the IVi group. Regarding long-term outcomes, dose escalation and discontinuation due to the primary failure of the first anti-TNF and more severe disease activity at the beginning of the second anti-TNF were inversely associated with clinical remission. CONCLUSION: The use of a second anti-TNF for UC seems to be reasonable in terms of efficacy, although it is particularly reduced in the case of the primary failure of the first anti-TNF. Whether the second anti-TNF is infliximab or subcutaneous does not seem to affect efficacy.

Clinical and treatment outcomes of a second subcutaneous or intravenous anti-TNF in patients with ulcerative colitis treated with two consecutive anti-TNF agents. Data from the ENEIDA registry Background: Infliximab seems to be the most efficacious of the three available anti-TNF agents for ulcerative colitis (UC), but little is known when it is used as the second anti-TNF.

Trends in Targeted Therapy Usage in Inflammatory Bowel Disease: TRENDY Study of ENEIDA.

Markers that allow for the selection of tailored treatments for individual patients with inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) are yet to be identified. Our aim was to describe trends in real-life treatment usage. For this purpose, patients from the ENEIDA registry who received their first targeted IBD treatment (biologics or tofacitinib) between 2015 and 2021 were included. A subsequent analysis with Machine Learning models was performed. The study included 10,009 patients [71% with Crohn's disease (CD) and 29% with ulcerative colitis (UC)]. In CD, anti-TNF (predominantly adalimumab) were the main agents in the 1st line of treatment (LoT), although their use declined over time. In UC, anti-TNF (mainly infliximab) use was predominant in 1st LoT, remaining stable over time. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab were the most prescribed drugs in 2nd and 3rd LoT in CD and UC, respectively. Overall, the use of biosimilars increased over time. Machine Learning failed to identify a model capable of predicting treatment patterns. In conclusion, drug positioning is different in CD and UC. Anti-TNF were the most used drugs in IBD 1st LoT, being adalimumab predominant in CD and infliximab in UC. Ustekinumab and vedolizumab have gained importance in CD and UC, respectively. The approval of biosimilars had a significant impact on treatment.

Persistence, effectiveness and safety of ustekinumab and vedolizumab therapy for complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease: The HEAL study from GETECCU.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of ustekinumab and vedolizumab for treating complex perianal fistula in Crohn's disease has been barely studied. We aimed to assess treatment persistence, clinical remission, and safety of these drugs in this context. METHODS: Crohn's disease patients who had received ustekinumab or vedolizumab for the indication of active complex perianal fistula, were included. Clinical remission was defined according to Fistula Drainage Assessment Index (no drainage through the fistula upon gentle pressure) based on physicians' assessment. RESULTS: Of 155 patients, 136 received ustekinumab, and 35 vedolizumab (16 received both). Median follow-up for ustekinumab was 27 months. Among those on ustekinumab, 54 % achieved remission, and within this group, 27 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 11 % per patient-year. Multivariate analysis found no variables associated with treatment discontinuation or relapse. Median follow-up time for patients receiving vedolizumab was 19 months. Remission was achieved in 46 % of the patients receiving vedolizumab, and among them, 20 % relapsed during follow-up. The incidence rate of relapse was 7 % per patient-year. Adverse events were mild in 6 % on ustekinumab and 8 % on vedolizumab. CONCLUSION: Ustekinumab and vedolizumab appear effective, achieving remission in around half of complex perianal fistula patients, with favorable safety profiles.

Macaronesian Plants as Promising Biopesticides against the Crop Pest Ceratitis capitata.

Ceratitis capitata is responsible for significant economic losses in the fruit production industry, and the market lacks biopesticides that are effective but also cheaper and less contaminating, with fewer negative impacts on the environment. In this regard, the present study suggests as potential options ethanolic extracts from several Macaronesian plants, which inhibit the oviposition and are toxic to C. capitata, and whose preparation involve a non-toxic solvent (i.e., ethanol), low energy expenditure and cheap apparatus (i.e., maceration at room temperature). Among the evaluated species, the extracts of Hedychium gardnerianum, Cistus symphytifolius and Salvia canariensis are the most active (50 mg/mL), revealing an increase in C. capitata adults' mortality from 21.15% to 27.41% after 72 h, a value statistically identical to azadirachtin (25.93%) at the recommended concentration (0.88 mg/mL). Considering the quantity and biomass available to prepare a biopesticide in the future, and the level of activity, the ethanolic extract of H. gardnerianum was fractionated and each fraction tested. The water fraction at 50 mg/mL proved to be more effective than the original extract, both in terms of mortality (57.69%), with LT50 = 72.5 h, and oviposition deterrence (83.43%), values statistically higher than those obtained by azadirachtin at 0.88 mg/mL. Analysis of this fraction by HPLC-MS/MS showed that it is mainly composed of glycosylated derivatives of quercetin and myricetin in addition to some triterpenes. These findings highlight some Macaronesian species, and in particular, the more polar fraction of H. gardnerianum ethanolic extract, as promising and ecological alternatives to conventional insecticides, for use in the integrated management of the C. capitata pest.

Perioperative sickle cell anemia considerations for total hip arthroplasty: case report / Consideraciones perioperatorias de la anemia de células falciformes para la artroplastia total de cadera: Reporte de caso

Abstract Sickle cell anemia or drepanocytosis is a hemoglobinopathy with autosomal recessive inheritance. A longer life expectancy of these patients and the fact that 50% have aseptic osteonecrosis of the hip make total hip arthroplasty a frequent procedure. We present the case of a 34-year-old male diagnosed with homozygous sickle cell disease scheduled for surgery in the operating room. Our aim is to offer perioperative strategies based on a multidisciplinary approach among anesthesiologists, surgeons, and hematologists to avoid complications of the disease itself, exacerbated by moderate-high risk surgeries.

Resumen La anemia de células falciformes o drepanocitosis es una hemoglobinopatía con herencia autosómica recesiva. La mayor esperanza de vida de estos pacientes y el hecho de que el 50% presenten osteonecrosis aséptica de cadera determinan que la artroplastia total de cadera sea un procedimiento frecuente. Presentamos el caso de un varón de 34 años diagnosticado de drepanocitosis homocigota programado en quirófano para dicha intervención quirúrgica. Nuestro objetivo es ofrecer unas estrategias perioperatorias basadas en un abordaje multidisciplinar entre anestesiólogos, cirujanos y hematólogos para evitar complicaciones propias de la enfermedad, exacerbadas por cirugías de riesgo moderado-alto.

Implicaciones anestésicas del Síndrome de Parry-Romberg; reporte de un caso / Anesthetic implications of Parry Romberg Syndrome: A case report

Introduction: Parry-Romberg Syndrome is a rare degenerative disease characterized by unilateral atrophy affecting the skin, connective tissue, muscle and bone. The end result is facial asymmetry associated with other skin, dental, visual, cardiovascular, and neurological disorders. Clinical findings, diagnostic evaluation and interventions: The case of a patient with Parry-Romberg Syndrome programmed for frontonasal flap remodeling is discussed. The patient's history includes trigeminal neuralgia, epilepsy, and two previous surgical interventions. Uneventful endotracheal intubation with the Glideoscope® video laryngoscope was performed, upon adequate pre-oxygenation followed by anesthetic induction. Conclusion: The phenotypical characteristics of Parry Romberg Syndrome are severe facial hemiatrophy and craniofacial anomalies that require careful preoperative evaluation and management of a potentially difficult airway. Consequently, the use of video laryngoscopes is a first-line approach. Due to the syndrome's associated disorders, it is essential to maintain hemodynamic stability and prevent any potential seizures.

Introducción: El Síndrome de Parry-Romberg es una enfermedad degenerativa poco común, caracterizada por una atrofia unilateral que afecta la piel, el tejido conjuntivo, el músculo y el hueso. El resultado final es una asimetría facial cursando con otras alteraciones cutáneas, dentales, oculares, cardiovasculares y neurológicas. Hallazgos clínicos, evaluación diagnóstica e intervenciones: Presentamos un caso de un paciente con Síndrome de Parry-Romberg programado para remodelación de colgajo frontonasal. Entre sus antecedentes destacan neuralgia del trigémino, epilepsia y dos intervenciones quirúrgicas previas. Tras una adecuada preoxigenación y posterior inducción anestésica, se realiza una intubación endotraqueal sin incidencias mediante el videolaringoscopio Glideoscope®. Conclusión: El Síndrome de Parry Romberg presenta como características fenotípicas hemiatrofia facial grave y anomalías craneofaciales, que requieren una cuidadosa evaluación preoperatoria y el manejo de una vía aérea potencialmente difícil. Es por esto que los videolaringoscopios resultan una alternativa de primera línea. Debido a sus trastornos asociados, es esencial mantener la estabilidad hemodinámica y la prevención de posibles crisis convulsivas.

Manejo hemodinámico mediante monitor no invasivo de gasto cardiaco para craneotomía urgente en el síndrome X frágil: reporte de caso / Haemodynamic management using non-invasive cardiac output monitoring for urgent craniotomy in fragile X syndrome: Case report

Fragile X syndrome is an inherited form of mental retardation with a connective tissue component involving mitral valve prolapse. The most frequent manifestations of fragile X syndrome are learning disability, orofacial morphological alterations and macroorchidism. The usefulness of advanced haemodynamic monitoring for goal-directed therapy is increasingly high during neurosurgical procedures. Non-invasive cardiac output monitoring may be considered as a new alternative for emergency neurosurgical procedures. Our aim was to detect haemodynamic changes in a syndromic fragile X patient, given the usual concomitant presentation of cardiovascular disease, such as mitral valve prolapse and dilated aortic root, in an attempt at obtaining the best intraoperative and postoperative neurological outcomes without worsening cardiovascular function, by means of individualized intra-operative goal directed therapy. This type of non-invasive monitoring allows surgery to proceed without delay and provides excellent information of the haemodynamic status. This syndrome is relevant due to its anaesthetic implications and the paucity of cases published to date.

El síndrome X frágil es una forma hereditaria de retraso mental con una afectación de tejido conectivo que produce prolapso de la válvula mitral. Las manifestaciones más frecuentes del síndrome X frágil son la dificultad en el aprendizaje, alteraciones morfológicas orofaciales y macroorquidismo. La utilidad de la monitorización hemodinámica avanzada para terapia dirigida por objetivos es cada vez mayor durante los procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos. La monitorización no invasiva de gasto cardiaco puede considerarse una nueva alternativa en los procedimientos neuroquirúrgicos emergentes. Nuestro objetivo fue detectar los cambios hemodinámicos en un paciente sindrómico X frágil que suelen presentar patología cardiovascular, como prolapso mitral y dilatación de la raíz aórtica, intentando obtener los mejores resultados neurológicos intraoperatorios y posoperatorios sin deteriorar la función cardiovascular individualizada por una terapia guiada por objetivos. Este tipo de monitorización no invasiva permite desarrollar la intervención quirúrgica sin demora, aportando gran información del estado hemodinámico. Este síndrome es relevante debido a sus implicaciones anestésicas y los pocos casos publicados hasta la fecha.

Implicaciones anestésicas en la enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen / Anaesthetic implications in Von Recklinghausen disease: A case report

Von Recklinghausen disease or neurofibromatosis Type I (NF1) is an autosomal dominant disease with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations. Neurofibromas are the characteristic lesions. This disorder is associated with important anaesthetic considerations, mainly when neurofibromas occur in the oropharynx and larynx, leading to difficult laryngoscopy and tracheal intubation. We describe the anaesthetic management of a patient with NF1 under general anaesthesia for facial neurofibroma excision. We performed a brief review of the literature with the aim of optimizing the anaesthetic management and reducing the number of complications associated with the systemic manifestations of this syndrome.

La enfermedad de Von Recklinghausen (EVR) o neurofibromatosis tipo I (NF1) es una enfermedad con herencia autosómica dominante con un amplio espectro de manifestaciones clínicas. Los neurofibromas son las lesiones características. Este trastorno se asocia con importantes consideraciones anestésicas, principalmente cuando los neurofibromas aparecen en la orofaringe y laringe, produciendo dificultades en la laringoscopia y en la intubación endotraqueal. Describimos el manejo anestésico de un paciente con NF1 bajo anestesia general para extirpación de neurofibromas faciales. Hemos realizado un breve repaso de la literatura existente para optimizar el manejo anestésico y reducir el número de complicaciones asociadas con las manifestaciones sistémicas de este síndrome.

Use of sugammadex on burn patients: descriptive study / Uso de sugamadex no paciente queimado: estudo descritivo / Utilización del sugammadex en el paciente quemado: estudio descriptivo

A burn patient is a challenge for any anesthesiologist, undergoing several surgeries during admission, and requiring general anesthesia and muscle relaxation most of the times. The victim may have respiratory system impairment and a response to muscle relaxants that differs from the healthy patient, thus proper monitoring and reversal is crucial. We analyzed sugammadex effectiveness and safety in this population.

O paciente queimado representa um desafio para o anestesiologista, pois se submete a várias intervenções cirúrgicas durante sua hospitalização e necessita de anestesia geral e relaxamento muscular na maior parte delas. Apresenta sistema respiratório comprometido e uma resposta aos relaxantes musculares que difere do paciente sadio; portanto, um monitoramento correto e reversão tornam-se imprescindíveis. Avaliamos a eficácia e segurança do sugamadex nessa população.

El paciente quemado supone un reto para el anestesista, pues se somete a varias intervenciones quirúrgicas durante su ingreso, requiriendo anestesia general y relajación muscular en la mayor parte de ellas. Presentan un sistema respiratorio comprometido y una respuesta a los relajantes musculares que difiere de la del paciente sano, por lo que se hace imprescindible una correcta monitorización y reversión. Valoramos la efectividad y seguridad del sugammadex en esta población.

Importancia de la simpatectomía inducida por el bloqueo continuo del plexo braquial para la cirugía de reimplante digital en un paciente con cirrosis hepática: reporte de caso / Importance of sympathectomy induced by continuous brachial plexus block for digital replantation in a patient with liver cirrhosis: Case report

Hand microsurgeries are procedures performed by reconstructive surgeons and require a complex and highly individualized approach. The management of anesthesia in patients with cirrhosis may be challenging. Liver dysfunction may condition the extended use of anesthetic agents as a result of a disrupted metabolism and clearance. This case describes the anesthetic management of a patient with cirrhosis, using a combined anesthetic technique with continuous axillary block of the brachial plexus to prevent postoperative pain and maintain extended vasodilatation. The continuous brachial plexus block under local anesthesia has shown improved tissue perfusion following limb replantation surgery. This technique is particularly helpful to prevent vasospasm in the reconstructed tissue during the postoperative period. In patients with cirrhosis, this technique provides adequate postoperative pain control.

Las intervenciones de microcirugia sobre la mano son procedimientos realizados por cirujanos reconstructores que requiere un abordaje complejo y altamente individualizado. El manejo anestésico en pacientes con cirrosis puede ser difícil. La disfunción hepática puede condicionar una duración prolongada de los fármacos anestésicos por un metabolismo e índice de aclaramiento alterados. Describimos el manejo anestésico de un paciente con cirrosis, empleando una técnica anestésica combinada con bloqueo axilar continuo del plexo braquial para prevenir el dolor posoperatorio y mantener una vasodilatación prolongada. El bloqueo continuo del plexo braquial con anestésicos locales ha mostrado mejorar la perfusión tisular tras la cirugía de reimplante de miembros. Esta técnica es especialmente beneficiosa para prevenir el vasoespasmo en el tejido reconstruido en el periodo posoperatorio. En los pacientes cirróticos, esta técnica ofrece un adecuado control del dolor posoperatorio.

Manejo anestésico para craneotomía en paciente gestante con ruptura de malformación arteriovenosa cerebral: reporte de caso / Anaesthetic management for craniotomy in a pregnant patient with rupture of a cerebral arterio-venous malformation: Case report

Intracranial haemorrhage (ICH) is the third leading non-obstetric indirect cause of maternal death. We describe the anaesthetic management of a 32-year-old woman at 22 weeks gestation with intracranial haemorrhage due to a ruptured arteriovenous malformation (AVM). Managing these patients requires a complex approach with a highly individualised plan involving neurosurgeons, neuroradiologists, anaesthetists, obstetricians and neonatologists to assess the risk and benefit of all the different therapeutic alternatives. Given the high risk of further bleeding during pregnancy and the location of the AVM, the best therapeutic option in this case was considered to be a craniotomy and complete removal of the lesion. © 2014 Sociedad Colombiana de Anestesiología y Reanimación. Published by Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.

La hemorragia intracraneana (HIC) es la tercera causa indirecta no obstétrica de muerte materna. Describimos el manejo anestésico de una mujer de 32 a ños con 22 semanas de gestación, quien presentó hemorragia intracraneana debida a la ruptura de una malformación arteriovenosa (MAV). Para el manejo de esta clase de pacientes se requiere un enfoque complejo con un plan altamente individualizado en el que participen neurocirujanos, neurorradiólogos, anestesiólogos, obstetras y neonatólogos a fin de evaluar los riesgos y los beneficios de las diferentes alternativas terapéuticas. Considerando el riesgo elevado de sangrado ulterior durante el embarazo y la localización de la MAV, se consideró que la mejor alternativa terapéutica en este caso era la craneotomía para extirpar por completo la lesión.

Síndrome pierde sal en el postoperatorio de cirugía de fosa posterior: reporte de caso / Cerebral salt wasting syndrome in the posterior fossa surgery post-operative period: Case report

Hyponatremia is the most common electrolyte disorder following intracranial surgery. Its aetiology is multifactorial. We present a case of a patient taken to microvascular decompression (Janetta surgery) for the treatment of trigeminal neuralgia who developed a symptomatic magnification of basal hyponatremia in the immediate post-operative period. Cerebral salt wasting syndrome was diagnosed. The management of this condition poses a challenge for physicians involved in postoperative neurosurgical care.

La hiponatremia es el trastorno electrolítico más frecuente después de la cirugía intracraneal. Su etiología es multifactorial. A continuación presentamos un caso de un paciente sometido a una descompresión microvascular (cirugía de Janetta) como tratamiento de la neuralgia del trigémino que en el postoperatorio inmediato desarrolló una magnificación sintomática de su hiponatremia basal. Se diagnosticó un síndrome pierde sal cuyo manejo supone un reto para los médicos implicados en los cuidados neuroquirúrgicos postoperatorios.

Prevalencia y características demográficas de la enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal en Cartagena, Colombia / Prevalence and demographic characteristics of inflammatory bowel disease in Cartagena, Colombia

Antecedentes: La prevalencia de la Enfermedad inflamatoria intestinal (EII) en el mundo se encuentra alrededor de los 396 casos por 105 habitantes. Sin embargo se ha considerado una patología de baja incidencia y prevalencia en poblaciones hispanoamericanas. Existen a la fecha pocos datos epidemiológicos publicados sobre la EII en Suramérica. Objetivos: Estimar la prevalencia de la EII en una población adulta afiliada a una EPS en la ciudad de Cartagena, Colombia. Métodos: Se identificaron todos los casos confirmados de EII que recibían atención médica en COOMEVA EPS a 01 de junio de 2006 mediante la revisión de sus historias clínicas. La prevalencia se estimó teniendo en cuenta la población mayor de 15 años afiliada en el momento de la recogida de datos. Resultados: Se estudiaron 26 pacientes con EII para calcular la prevalencia en nuestra población. Seis individuos tenían EC y 20 diagnósticos de CU. La prevalencia general estimada para la EII fue de 29 x 105 (IC 95% 17-40). Conclusión: Nuestros resultados sugieren que la EII es una patología infrecuente en Cartagena, y estos concuerdan con datos recientes provenientes de otras comunidades hispánicas. Para conocer con certeza la prevalencia de la EII en Cartagena y otras regiones de la geografía colombiana se necesitan estudios prospectivos diseñados específicamente con este fin.

Background: Globally, prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is around 396 cases per 105 inhabitants. However, it has been considered to have low incidence and prevalence in Hispanic populations. To date there is little published epidemiological information on IBD in South America. Objectives: Estimate the prevalence of IBD in an adult population affiliated to an EPS in the city of Cartagena, Colombia. Methods: All patients with confirmed IBD who received medical care in COOMEVA EPS up until June 01, 2006 were identified through reviewing their medical records. Prevalence was estimated in relation to the over age 15 patient population enrolled in the EPS at the time of data collection. Results: 26 patients with IBD were the basis for calculating prevalence in our population. Six individuals had CD and 20 were diagnosed with UC. The estimated overall prevalence of IBD was 29 x 105 (95% CI: 17-40). Conclusion: IBD still seems to be a rare disease in South America. Its incidence may be increasing according to recent data from other Hispanic communities. Our results are consistent with studies in other populations where IBD is an emerging disease.