Realizing Long Magnon Diffusion in Organic-Inorganic Hybrid Perovskite Film by the Universal Isotope Effect.

Organic-inorganic halide perovskite (OIHP) spintronics has become a promising research field, as it provides a new precisely manipulable degree of freedom. Recently, by utilizing the spin Seebeck effect and inverse spin-Hall effect measurements, we have discovered substantial magnon injection and transport in Pt/OIHP/Y3Fe5O12 nonlocalized structure. In theory, hyperfine interaction (HFI) is considered to have an important role in the magnon transport of OIHP, but there is no clear experimental evidence reported so far. We report increased spin Seebeck coefficient and lengthened magnon diffusion length in deuterated- (D-) OIHP films that have weaker HFI strength compared with protonated- (H-) OIHP. Consequently, D-MAPbBr3 film, as a non-ferromagnetic spacer, achieves long magnon diffusion length at room temperature (close to 120.3 nm). Our finding provides valuable insights into understanding magnon transport in OIHP films and paves the way for the use of OIHPs in multifunctional applications.

Compact In Situ Electrochemical NMR with Wireless and Anti-interference Strategy in Multiscenario Applications.

The integration of electrochemistry with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy recently offers a powerful approach to understanding oxidative metabolism, detecting reactive intermediates, and predicting biological activities. This combination is particularly effective as electrochemical methods provide excellent mimics of metabolic processes, while NMR spectroscopy offers precise chemical analysis. NMR is already widely utilized in the quality control of pharmaceuticals, foods, and additives and in metabolomic studies. However, the introduction of additional and external connections into the magnet has posed challenges, leading to signal deterioration and limitations in routine measurements. Herein, we report an anti-interference compact in situ electrochemical NMR system (AICISENS). Through a wireless strategy, the compact design allows for the independent and stable operation of electrochemical NMR components with effective interference isolation. Thus, it opens an avenue toward easy integration into in situ platforms, applicable not only to laboratory settings but also to fieldwork. The operability, reliability, and versatility were validated with a series of biomimetic assessments, including measurements of microbial electrochemical systems, functional foods, and simulated drug metabolisms. The robust performance of AICISENS demonstrates its high potential as a powerful analytical tool across diverse applications.

Tunable Magnetic Properties in Sr2FeReO6 Double-Perovskite.

Double-perovskite oxides have attracted recent attention due to their attractive functionalities and application potential. In this paper, we demonstrate the effect of dual controls, i.e., the deposition pressure of oxygen (PO2) and lattice mismatch (ε), on tuning magnetic properties in epitaxial double-perovskite Sr2FeReO6 films. In a nearly lattice matched Sr2FeReO6/SrTiO3 film, the ferrimagnetic-to-paramagnetic phase transition occurs when PO2 is reduced to 30 mTorr, probably due to the formation of Re4+ ions that replace the stoichiometric Re5+ to cause disorders of B-site ions. On the other hand, a large compressive strain or tensile strain shifts this critical PO2 to below 1 mTorr or above 40 mTorr, respectively. The observations can be attributed to the modulation of B-site ordering by epitaxial strain through affecting elemental valence. Our results provide a feasible way to expand the functional tunability of magnetic double-perovskite oxides that hold great promise for spintronic devices.

Novel putative pathogenic viruses identified in pangolins by mining metagenomic data.

The pangolin is the only scaly mammal in the world and also an important reservoir of pathogenic viruses. Habitat loss and poaching have been shrinking the survival range of pangolins. More information on pangolin virus populations is needed to better understand and assess potential disease risks. In this study, viral metagenomic data were used to reinvestigate the virome in pangolin lung tissue. Complete genome sequences of two novel anelloviruses were acquired and clustered with the referenced feline strains belonging to genus Tettorquevirus and genus Etatorquevirus, respectively. Two genomes belonging to the genus Gemykibivirus, and species Bat-associated cyclovirus 9 were detected, respectively. One genome with a large contig belonging to the genus Senecavirus were also characterized, according to phylogenetic analysis, which can be presumed to be a novel species. In addition, a full genome of endogenous retroviruse (ERV) was assembled from the lungs of pangolin, and this virus may have the possibility of cross-species transmission during the evolution. This virological investigation has increased our understanding of the virome carried by pangolins and provided a reference baseline for possible zoonotic infectious diseases in the future.

Circular Photogalvanic Effect in Oxide Two-Dimensional Electron Gases.

Two-dimensional electron gases (2DEGs) at the LaAlO_{3}/SrTiO_{3} interface have attracted wide interest, and some exotic phenomena are observed, including 2D superconductivity, 2D magnetism, and diverse effects associated with Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Despite the intensive investigations, however, there are still hidden aspects that remain unexplored. For the first time, here we report on the circular photogalvanic effect (CPGE) for the oxide 2DEG. Spin polarized electrons are selectively excited by circular polarized light from the in-gap states of SrTiO_{3} to 2DEG and are converted into electric current via the mechanism of spin-momentum locking arising from Rashba spin-orbit coupling. Moreover, the CPGE can be effectively modified by the density and distribution of oxygen vacancies. This Letter presents an effective approach to generate and manipulate the spin polarized current, paving the way toward oxide spintronics.

Storage of Na in 2D SnS for Na ion batteries: a DFT prediction.

The high demand for renewable and clean energy has driven the exploration of advanced energy storage systems. Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) are considered to be potential substitutes for Li-ion batteries (LIBs) because they are manufactured from raw materials that are cheap, less toxic, and abundantly available. Recent developments have demonstrated that two-dimensional (2D) materials have gained increasing interest as electrode candidates for efficient SIBs because of their enormous surface area and sufficient accommodating sites for the storage of Na ions. Herein, we explore the binding and diffusion mechanisms of Na on a 2D SnS sheet using density functional theory (DFT). The outcomes reveal that Na has a strong binding strength with SnS as well as charge transfer from Na to SnS, which affirms an excellent electrochemical performance. A transition from semiconducting (1.4 eV band gap) to metallic has been noted in the electronic structure after loading a minor amount of Na. In addition, a low open-circuit voltage (OCV) of 0.87 V and a high storage capacity of 357 mA h g-1 show the suitability of the SnS monolayer for SIBs. In addition, the low activation barrier for Na migration (0.13 eV) is attractive for a fast sodiation/desodiation process. Henceforth, these encouraging outcomes suggest the application of the SnS sheet as an excellent anode for next-generation SIBs.

Hormonal factors in association with lung cancer among Asian women: A pooled analysis from the International Lung Cancer Consortium.

Two thousand sixty-four lung cancer cases and 5342 controls were evaluated in this International Lung Cancer Consortium (ILCCO) pooled analysis on estrogen-related hormonal factors and lung cancer in Asian women. Random effect of study site and fixed effect of age, smoking status, comprehensive smoking index and family history of lung cancer were adjusted for in the multivariable logistic regression models. We found that late onset of menarche conferred elevated odds of lung cancer with adjusted odds ratio (OR) of 1.24 (95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.05, 1.45) for 17 years or older, compared to 14 years or younger. Late onset of menopause at 55 years old or older was associated with lung cancer with OR = 1.24 (95% CI = 1.02, 1.51). Nonnatural menopause was associated with an OR of 1.39 (95% CI = 1.13, 1.71). More live births showed reversed association with lung cancer (ORs of 5 or more live births: 0.71 (95% CI = 0.60, 0.84), compared to 0-2 live births (Ptrend < 0.001). A later first child delivery seemed associated with an increased susceptibility: OR of 21 to 25 years old: 1.23 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.40), 26 or older: 1.27 (95% CI = 1.06, 1.52), Ptrend = .010). The use of oral contraceptives appeared to be protective with an OR of 0.69 (95% CI = 0.57, 0.83). Stronger for adenocarcinoma than squamous cell carcinoma, these relationships were not clearly modified by smoking status, probably because of lower prevalence of smoking. This is a first and largest pooling study of lung cancer among Asian women and the results suggested potential roles of hormone-related pathways in the etiology of this disease.

Synthesis of C3-sulfone substituted naphthols via rhodium(III)-catalyzed annulation of sulfoxonium ylides with alkynylsulfones.

C-H activation of sulfoxonium ylides catalyzed by rhodium(iii) with subsequent annulation by alkynylsulfones was accomplished. This methodology offers a step-economical approach for assembling C3-sulfone-substituted naphthols with a high level of regioselectivity that is complementary to previous protocols. The approach has an extensive substrate spectrum and broad functional group tolerance.

Approach of realizing arbitrary wavefront manipulation with continuous meander line structures.

In the paper, we systematically present the approach of realizing arbitrary wavefront manipulation with continuous meander line structures that can send the outgoing light with the opposite polarization in respect to the incident light into desired directions. The manipulation behavior is found to be wavelength-dependent, analogous to the traditional grating. Propagation characteristic and filed analysis are used to understand the generation of the polarization conversed outgoing light. The results suggest that the surface mode of TM component mainly governs at long wavelength and the oscillating mode of TE component is dominant at short wavelength, resulting in a broad operation region. The backward process, i.e., deriving a special function based on the given irradiation pattern, verifies the generation of the approach. The finding gives an alternative to realize the wavefront manipulation of transmitted light with a thin metal device and an insight into the traditional meander line structure.

Emergency department length of stay in critical nonoperative trauma.

BACKGROUND: Prolonged emergency department (ED) stays correlate with negative outcomes in critically ill nontrauma patients. This study sought to determine the effect of ED length of stay (LOS) on trauma patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two hundred forty-one trauma patients requiring direct intensive care unit (ICU) admission were identified. Patients requiring immediate operative intervention were excluded. Odds ratios (ORs) of outcomes for patients transferred to ICU in ≤90 min were compared with patients transferred in >90 min, adjusting for Injury Severity Score (ISS). RESULTS: One hundred two of 241 patients (42%) were transferred to the ICU in ≤90 min. Increased ED LOS was associated with decreased complications (OR 0.545, 95% confidence interval 0.312-0.952). Although the result was not statistically significant, patients with an ISS >15 were less likely to have long ED stays (OR 0.725, 95% CI 0.407-1.290). No significant difference was seen in mortality. No difference in duration of intubation was observed for patients intubated in the ED versus the ICU. For the subgroup with ISS ≤15, there was a significant decrease in ICU LOS for patients who remained in the ED >90 min (5.5 d versus 2.7 d, P = 0.02). No other differences in LOS were identified. CONCLUSIONS: In a mature trauma center with standardized activation protocols and focused resource allocation in the ED trauma bay, trauma activation and subsequent management appear to mitigate the negative effects of prolonged ED LOS seen in other critically ill populations.

Photocarrier transport and dynamics in mixed-phase BiFeO3 films.

We report a remarkable photoinduced relaxation process and its dependence of thickness and temperature in mixed-phase BiFeO3 films grown on (001) LaAlO3 substrates. When the films are illuminated by the light above the bandgap, their resistances are reduced with the increase of temperature. The photoinduced change of resistance reaches to the maximum of about 2.17 × 105% at 300 K. It is noted that the relaxation processes of the resistance are significantly different between T-like phase and T-R mixed phase due to structural strain, symmetry breaking and built-in electric field at the phase boundaries. These results provide more insights into intrinsic mechanisms of mixed-phase multiferroic materials and potential applications in all-oxide photoelectric devices.

MUC5B promoter polymorphisms and risk of coal workers' pneumoconiosis in a Chinese population.

Coal workers' pneumoconiosis (CWP) is characterized by fibrosing nodular lesions that eventually develop into progressive pulmonary fibrosis. Genetic variations have been recognized to be involved in the multi-factorial susceptibility to CWP, and MUC5B is a candidate lung fibrosis susceptibility gene. In the present study, we investigated possible genetic associations between three single nucleotide polymorphisms in MUC5B promoter region and CWP in a case-control study including 686 CWP patients and 680 controls. Genotyping was carried out by TaqMan method. Only rs2672794 allele and genotype frequencies distributions were significantly different between CWP patients and controls (P = 0.017 and 0.046 for allele and genotype, respectively). The MUC5B rs2672794 CC genotype was associated with a significantly increased risk of CWP, compared with the TT genotype. Moreover, individuals with TC/CC genotype had an obviously increased risk of CWP than those with TT genotype, particularly among subgroups of dust exposure <27 years and smokers. This is the first report showing an association between the MUC5B rs2672794 polymorphism and CWP, and our results suggest that MUC5B rs2672794 CC genotype could increase the risk of CWP. Further studies are warranted to confirm our findings.

Novel 2DEG System at the HfO2/STO Interface.

Multifunctional integration in a single device has always been a hot research topic, especially for contradictory phenomena, one of which is the coexistence of ferroelectricity and metallicity. The complex oxide heterostructures, as symmetric breaking systems, provide a great possibility to incorporate different properties. Moreover, finding a series of oxide heterostructures to achieve this goal remains as a challenge. Here, taking the advantage of different physical phenomena, we use H2 plasma to pretreat the SrTiO3 (STO) substrate and then fabricate HfO2/STO heterostructures with it. The novel, well-repeatable metallic two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is directly obtained at the heterointerfaces without any further complex procedures, while the obvious ferroelectric-like behavior and Rashba spin-orbit coupling are also observed. The understanding of the mechanism, as well as the modified facile preparation procedure, would be meaningful for further development of ferroelectric metal in complex oxide heterostructures.

Scientific epistemology beliefs and acceptance of Traditional Chinese Medicine: A multigroup analysis based on the UTAUT model in Southern China.

Purpose: This study for the first time delves into the intricate relationship between scientific literacy and the acceptance of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) by employing a multigroup path analysis based on the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) model. We adopted Scientific Epistemology Belief (SEB) as an indicator for measuring scientific literacy due to its comprehensive reflection of individuals' understanding of scientific knowledge and knowing. In assessing TCM acceptance, we focused on Chinese parents' receptivity towards pediatric TCM, as it offers a more genuine representation of actual inclinations. Methods: A convenience sample of 1016 Chinese parents in Southern China was assessed using online Likert-scale questionnaires on SEB and UTAUT determinants (including performance expectancy, social influence, risk awareness, and facilitating conditions). A K-means cluster analysis was employed to discern distinct SEB profiles, followed by a multigroup path analysis to ascertain UTAUT model variations across these profiles. Results: Five SEB profiles were identified, namely, intermediate, absolutistic, multiplistic, sophisticated, and evidence-based. Evidence-based believers manifested the highest pediatric TCM acceptance, albeit with elements of blind faith, while multiplistic skeptics, prone to questioning everything, displayed the least acceptance. The absolutistic, intermediate, and sophisticated demonstrated moderate TCM acceptance levels, with the intermediate profile outscoring both absolutistic and sophisticated. These findings highlight that individuals with high scientific literacy do not blindly endorse TCM, nor do those with limited scientific understanding fully appreciate TCM's merits. Conclusion: SEB significantly moderates TCM acceptance factors in the UTAUT model, indicating that extremes in scientific knowledge spectrum result in less balanced TCM perspectives. Our findings pave the way for novel insights into harmonizing modern and traditional medical practices.

Enhanced Nanoparticle Recognition via Deep Learning-Accelerated Plasmonic Sensing.

Surface plasmon microscopy proves to be a potent tool for capturing interferometric scattering imaging data of individual particles at both micro and nanoscales, offering considerable potential for label-free analysis of bio-particles and bio-molecules such as exosomes, viruses, and bacteria. However, the manual analysis of acquired images remains a challenge, particularly when dealing with dense samples or strong background noise, common in practical measurements. Manual analysis is not only prone to errors but is also time-consuming, especially when handling a large volume of experimental images. Currently, automated methods for sensing and analysis of such data are lacking. In this paper, we develop an accelerated approach for surface plasmon microscopy imaging of individual particles based on combining the interference scattering model of single particle and deep learning processing. We create hybrid datasets by combining the theoretical simulation of particle images with the actual measurements. Subsequently, we construct a neural network utilizing the EfficientNet architecture. Our results demonstrate the effectiveness of this novel deep learning technique in classifying interferometric scattering images and identifying multiple particles under noisy conditions. This advancement paves the way for practical bio-applications through efficient automated particle analysis.

Biomanufacture of L-homoserine lactone building block: A strategy for preparing γ-substituted L-amino acids by modular reaction.

A strain high-performance of esterase producing bacteria was screened from soil, which could selectively hydrolyze D-homoserine lactone from its racemate to achieve the resolution of L- homoserine lactone with more than 99% e.e. in 48% yield. L-homoserine lactone building block was then converted to L-α-amino-γ-bromobutyronic acid chiral blocks, which reacted with various nucleophilic reagent modules could to be applied to prepare L-γ- substituted α-amino acids such as L-selenomethionine, L-methionine, L-glufosinate and L-selenocystine. Its advantages included high selectivity of biocatalytic resolution reactions, high optical purity of products, racemic recycle of D-substrates and modular reaction, which simplified the production process of these products and highlighted the power of biological manufacturing.

Leukemia risk assessment of exposure to low-levels of benzene based on the linearized multistage model.

Objectives: To assess leukemia risk in occupational populations exposed to low levels of benzene. Methods: Leukemia incidence data from the Chinese Benzene Cohort Study were fitted using the Linearized multistage (LMS) model. Individual benzene exposure levels, urinary S-phenylmercapturic acid (S-PMA) and trans, trans-muconic acid (t, t-MA) were measured among 98 benzene-exposed workers from factories in China. Subjects were categorized into four groups by rounding the quartiles of cumulative benzene concentrations (< 3, 3-5, 5-12, ≥12 mg/m3·year, respectively). The risk of benzene-induced leukemia was assessed using the LMS model, and the results were validated using the EPA model and the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model. Results: The leukemia risks showed a positive correlation with increasing cumulative concentration in the four exposure groups (excess leukemia risks were 4.34, 4.37, 4.44 and 5.52 × 10-4, respectively; Ptrend < 0.0001) indicated by the LMS model. We also found that the estimated leukemia risk using urinary t, t-MA in the LMS model was more similar to those estimated by airborne benzene compared to S-PMA. The leukemia risk estimated by the LMS model was consistent with both the Singapore semi-quantitative risk assessment model at all concentrations and the EPA model at high concentrations (5-12, ≥12 mg/m3·year), while exceeding the EPA model at low concentrations (< 3 and 3-5 mg/m3·year). However, in all four benzene-exposed groups, the leukemia risks estimated by these three models exceeded the lowest acceptable limit for carcinogenic risk set by the EPA at 1 × 10-6. Conclusion: This study demonstrates the utility of the LMS model derived from the Chinese benzene cohort in assessing leukemia risk associated with low-level benzene exposure, and suggests that leukemia risk may occur at cumulative concentrations below 3 mg/m3·year.

Persistently elevated sFlt-1 and recovery of reduced ADAMTS13 activity in malignant hypertension.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malignant hypertension (MHT) characterized by acute hypertension with retinopathy or multiorgan damage, is a severe form of hypertensive emergency and associated with target organ involvement and poor kidney outcome. However, the underlying mechanisms are unclear. METHODS: Eighty-four patients with acute severe hypertension from the Nephrology Department and Emergency Department in a single center during January 2016 and December 2017 were prospectively enrolled and divided into MHT ( n  = 48) and non-MHT ( n  = 36) subgroups according to target organ evaluation. Forty healthy controls were recruited. Serum soluble Fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFlt-1) levels and plasma ADAMTS13 (a disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, member 13) activity were examined at baseline and 12-month follow-up. Renal endpoints were defined as a significant decrease in the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) of more than 40% or the occurrence of end-stage renal disease. RESULTS: Serum sFlt-1 levels were persistently elevated in MHT. Baseline serum sFLT-1 levels were correlated with plasma ADAMTS13 activity and markers of target organ damage. Plasma ADAMTS13 activity was reduced in both MHT and non-MHT patients and recovered to the normal range at 12-month follow-up. During an average follow-up time of 53 ±â€Š13 months, the restoration of reduced ADAMTS13 activity was correlated with the improvement of kidney function and independently reduced the risk of renal endpoints. CONCLUSIONS: Abnormal angiogenesis and endothelial damage are involved in the pathophysiology of hypertensive emergency. Evaluation of ADAMTS13 and sFlt-1 may help in the diagnosis and assessment of MHT. Recovery of ADAMTS13 predicts better renal outcome in patients with hypertensive emergencies.

Nivolumab, Pomalidomide, and Elotuzumab Combination Regimens for Treatment of Relapsed and Refractory Multiple Myeloma: Results from the Phase 3 CheckMate 602 Study.

BACKGROUND: Preclinical studies suggest that combining nivolumab, a programmed death-1 (PD-1) immune checkpoint inhibitor, with pomalidomide/dexamethasone (Pd) with or without elotuzumab, an antisignaling lymphocytic activation molecule F7 monoclonal antibody, may improve multiple myeloma (MM) treatment efficacy. PATIENTS AND METHODS: The phase 3 CheckMate 602 study (NCT02726581) assessed the efficacy and safety of nivolumab plus pomalidomide/dexamethasone (NPd) and NPd plus elotuzumab (NE-Pd). Eligible patients (aged ≥ 18 years) had measurable MM after ≥ 2 prior lines of therapy, that included an immunomodulatory drug (IMiD) and proteasome inhibitor (PI), each for ≥ 2 consecutive cycles, alone or combined, and were refractory to their last line of therapy. Patients were randomized 3:3:1 to receive NPd, Pd, or NE-Pd. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS); overall response rate (ORR) was a key secondary endpoint. RESULTS: At a median follow-up of 16.8 months, PFS was similar between treatment arms (Pd, 7.3 months [95% CI, 6.5-8.4]; NPd, 8.4 months [95% CI, 5.8-12.1]; NE-Pd, 6.3 months [95% CI, 2.4-11.1]). ORR was similar in the Pd (55%), NPd (48%), and NE-Pd (42%) arms. Nivolumab-containing arms were associated with a less favorable safety profile versus Pd, including a higher rate of thrombocytopenia (NPd, 25.0%; NE-Pd, 16.7%; Pd, 15.7%), any-grade immune-mediated adverse events (NPd, 13.9%; NE-Pd, 16.7%; Pd, 2.9%), and adverse events leading to discontinuation (NPd, 25.0%; NE-Pd, 33.3%; Pd, 18.6%). No new safety signals were identified. CONCLUSION: CheckMate 602 did not demonstrate clinical benefit of nivolumab (+/- elotuzumab) plus Pd versus Pd for patients with relapsed/refractory MM (RRMM).

Enhanced Rashba Spin Orbit Coupling and Magnetic Behavior at Oxide Heterointerfaces by Optical Gating.

Complex oxide heterointerfaces have been a hot research spot due to their rich physical phenomena and broad quantum coherence that respond to multiple external stimuli. Among these external stimuli, light is a very powerful one to manipulate properties such as carrier density and spin characteristics. However, achieving a light-magnetic correlation is in high demand for multifield responding devices, and its intrinsic mechanism remains unclear. Here, by illuminating Nd0.86Sr0.14Al0.86Ni0.14O3-SrTiO3 heterointerfaces using 360 nm light, we observe a series of interesting physical phenomena, like enhanced magnetoresistance (MR). More interestingly, a band splitting and strong Rashba spin-orbit coupling (SOC) effect occur after illumination, accompanied by a magnetic feature and thus leading to an anomalous Hall effect (AHE). Upon optical gating, the magnetism can be caused by Rashba SOC induced spin-orbit torque (SOT). The work will be sure to have great importance in both theoretical studies and all-oxide devices.