RESUMEN
In 2008, nationwide investigations of a Salmonella serotype Saintpaul outbreak led first to consumer warnings for Roma and red round tomatoes, then later for jalapeño and serrano peppers. In New Mexico, where there were a large number of cases but no restaurant-based clusters, the NM Department of Health and the Indian Health Service participated with CDC in individual-level and household-level case-control studies of infections in New Mexico and the Navajo Nation. No food item was associated in the individual-level study. In the household-level study, households with an ill member were more likely to have had jalapeño peppers present during the exposure period and to have reported ever having serrano peppers in the household. This report illustrates the complexity of this investigation, the limitations of traditional individual-level case-control studies when vehicles of infection are ingredients or commonly eaten with other foods, and the added value of a household-level study.
Asunto(s)
Brotes de Enfermedades/estadística & datos numéricos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/epidemiología , Infecciones por Salmonella/epidemiología , Adolescente , Adulto , Anciano , Anciano de 80 o más Años , Capsicum/microbiología , Niño , Preescolar , Dieta/estadística & datos numéricos , Diseño de Investigaciones Epidemiológicas , Composición Familiar , Femenino , Microbiología de Alimentos , Enfermedades Transmitidas por los Alimentos/microbiología , Humanos , Lactante , Solanum lycopersicum/microbiología , Masculino , Persona de Mediana Edad , New Mexico/epidemiología , Salmonella/clasificación , Salmonella/aislamiento & purificación , Infecciones por Salmonella/microbiologíaRESUMEN
The advent of bone-anchored hearing aids with titanium implants has markedly improved patient management. There are two systems on the market for performing the requisite osseointegration. The aim of our study was to evaluate the Ti-Epiplating system, since no data have been published on this in the literature thus far. Between November 2002 and March 2005, we anchored the BAHA snap coupling via the Ti-Epiplating system in 8 patients in a single session. The patients were followed-up at regular intervals to assess clinical and audiometric results and subjective satisfaction. The postoperative hearing threshold with the BAHA was in the former bone conduction range. In the Freiburg speech test, a significant improvement was found for monosyllables (free-field), and the hearing loss for numbers showed a mean reduction from 75 to 30 dB. There has been no implant loss in our collective thus far. Good to very good results were evaluated for the quality of life in the "International Inventory of evaluation of hearing aids" (IIEH). Clinics that use Medicon's osteosynthesis system can safely and reliably achieve inexpensive and audiometrically successful BAHA management by a comparatively simple surgical procedure.