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1.
Semin Cancer Biol ; 86(Pt 3): 1033-1057, 2022 11.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-33301862

RESUMEN

Immune checkpoint proteins including programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), its ligand PD-L1 and cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) are involved in proliferation, angiogenesis, metastasis, chemoresistance via immune escape and immune tolerance by disturbing cytotoxic T cell activation. Though many clinical trials have been completed in several cancers by using immune checkpoint inhibitors alone or in combination with other agents to date, recently multi-target therapy is considered more attractive than monotherapy, since immune checkpoint proteins work with other components such as surrounding blood vessels, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, macrophages, platelets and extracellular matrix within tumor microenvironment. Thus, in the current review, we look back on research history of immune checkpoint proteins and discuss their associations with platelets or tumor cell induced platelet aggregation (TCIPA) and FOXP3+ regulatory T cells (Tregs) related molecules involved in immune evasion and tumor progression, clinical implications of completed trial results and signaling networks by phytochemicals for combination therapy with immune checkpoint inhibitors and suggest future research perspectives.


Asunto(s)
Antígeno B7-H1 , Neoplasias , Humanos , Receptor de Muerte Celular Programada 1 , Plaquetas/metabolismo , Proteínas de Punto de Control Inmunitario , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/farmacología , Inhibidores de Puntos de Control Inmunológico/uso terapéutico , Neoplasias/tratamiento farmacológico , Fitoquímicos/farmacología , Fitoquímicos/uso terapéutico , Factores de Transcripción Forkhead , Microambiente Tumoral
2.
Molecules ; 25(14)2020 Jul 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-32708994

RESUMEN

Recently, lipidomics has revealed that many diseases are highly associated with altered lipid metabolism, as in the case of hypertension affecting serum lipid metabolism. In this study, an LC-MS-based lipidomic approach was used to profile serum lipids in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs) treated with an extract of Acanthopanax sessiliflorus fruits (ASF), to elucidate the serum lipid metabolism alteration by hypertension and the treatment of a drug or ASF. First, UPLC-QTOF/MS profiled a total of 208 lipids from six pooled samples of normal controls, SHR, SHR + 100 mg/kg of drug, and SHR + ASF 200, 400, or 600 mg/kg. These six groups were differentiated by the PCA and sPLS-DA, and 120 lipid species were identified as differentially regulated lipids (DRLs) by ANOVA (p values < 0.05). Second, UPLC-QqQ/MS was used for the target profiling of 120 DRLs from individual samples of the six groups. Using an ANOVA, 67 lipids (38 TGs, 4 DGs, 17 PCs, 2 PEs, and 6 LPCs) were selected as validated DRLs. The mostly altered lipids, such as TG (62:13), TG (60:13), PC (34:4), PC (36:5), and PC (38:2), were decreased in SHR compared to the normal control, and received little by treatment with ASF. These results demonstrated the correlation between hypertension and serum lipid metabolism. Furthermore, both drug and ASF treatment similarly altered the lipid profiles of SHRs. Finally, we found that DRLs have the potential to help us to interpret the lipid metabolism of hypertension.


Asunto(s)
Eleutherococcus/química , Hipertensión/tratamiento farmacológico , Lípidos/sangre , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Cromatografía Liquida , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Frutas/química , Humanos , Hipertensión/sangre , Hipertensión/metabolismo , Hipertensión/patología , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/efectos de los fármacos , Lipidómica/métodos , Extractos Vegetales/química , Ratas , Ratas Endogámicas Dahl , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
3.
BMC Complement Altern Med ; 19(1): 325, 2019 Nov 21.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31752825

RESUMEN

BACKGROUND: Osteoarthritis (OA) is an age-related joint disease with characteristics that involve the progressive degradation of articular cartilage and resulting chronic pain. Previously, we reported that Astragalus membranaceus and Lithospermum erythrorhizon showed significant anti-inflammatory and anti-osteoarthritis activities. The objective of this study was to examine the protective effects of ALM16, a new herbal mixture (7:3) of ethanol extracts of A. membranaceus and L. erythrorhizon, against OA in in vitro and in vivo models. METHODS: The levels of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1, -3 and - 13 and glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in interleukin (IL)-1ß or ALM16 treated SW1353 cells were determined using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent and quantitative kit, respectively. In vivo, the anti-analgesic and anti-inflammatory activities of ALM16 were assessed via the acetic acid-induced writhing response and in a carrageenan-induced paw edema model in ICR mice, respectively. In addition, the chondroprotective effects of ALM16 were analyzed using a single-intra-articular injection of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA) in the right knee joint of Wister/ST rat. All samples were orally administered daily for 2 weeks starting 1 week after the MIA injection. The paw withdrawal threshold (PWT) in MIA-injected rats was measured by the von Frey test using the up-down method. Histopathological changes of the cartilage in OA rats were analyzed by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. RESULTS: ALM16 remarkably reduced the GAG degradation and MMP levels in IL-1ß treated SW1353 cells. ALM16 markedly decreased the thickness of the paw edema and writhing response in a dose-dependent manner in mice. In the MIA-induced OA rat model, ALM16 significantly reduced the PWT compared to the control group. In particular, from histological observations, ALM16 showed clear improvement of OA lesions, such as the loss of necrotic chondrocytes and cartilage erosion of more than 200 mg/kg b.w., comparable to or better than a positive drug control (JOINS™, 200 mg/kg) in the cartilage of MIA-OA rats. CONCLUSIONS: Our results demonstrate that ALM16 has a strong chondroprotective effect against the OA model in vitro and in vivo, likely attributed to its anti-inflammatory activity and inhibition of MMP production.


Asunto(s)
Analgésicos/farmacología , Antiinflamatorios/farmacología , Cartílago Articular/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoartritis , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Animales , Astragalus propinquus/química , Cartílago Articular/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Modelos Animales de Enfermedad , Glicosaminoglicanos/análisis , Humanos , Ácido Yodoacético/efectos adversos , Lithospermum/química , Masculino , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/análisis , Medicina Tradicional de Asia Oriental , Ratones Endogámicos ICR , Osteoartritis/inducido químicamente , Osteoartritis/metabolismo , Osteoartritis/fisiopatología , Sustancias Protectoras/farmacología , Ratas
4.
Int J Mol Sci ; 20(14)2019 Jul 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31323789

RESUMEN

The ginseng berry contains a variety of biologically active compounds and has a higher ginsenoside content than its roots. This study focused on the hepatoprotective activity of ginseng berry extract prepared by enzyme treatment (EGB) compared to the non-enzyme-treated ginseng berry extract (GB) and quality control of EGB. The feeding effect of EGB on alcohol-induced liver damage (AILD) was investigated by measuring the serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT) compared with those of EtOH-fed mice. Furthermore, cytokine levels in the culture supernatants of EGB- or GB-treated RAW 264.7 cells were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The developed method was applied to the simultaneous quantification of four major ginsenosides in EGB using UPLC-QTOF/MS. Treatment with EGB at a dose of 0.5 or 1 mg/mouse significantly suppressed the AST and ALT levels in mice with AILD. Enzyme-treated ginseng berry was also found to suppress the production of inflammatory mediators like nitric oxide (NO), tumor-necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages, showing higher activity than that of GB. The amount of ginsenoside Re, F5, F3, and Rd in the EGB obtained using UPLC-QTOF/MS was 45.9, 3.3, 4.0, and 6.2 mg/g, respectively. These results suggest that EGB has a potential effect on AILD, and its hepatoprotective effect provides beneficial insights into developing new candidates for the prevention and cure of AILD. Also, this study demonstrated the utility of UPLC-QTOF/MS-based major compounds for quality control (QC) of EGB.


Asunto(s)
Antiinflamatorios/uso terapéutico , Frutas/química , Hígado/efectos de los fármacos , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/uso terapéutico , Animales , Antiinflamatorios/química , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Dinoprostona/sangre , Ginsenósidos/química , Ginsenósidos/uso terapéutico , Interleucina-6/sangre , Lipopolisacáridos/toxicidad , Hígado/lesiones , Hepatopatías/tratamiento farmacológico , Hepatopatías/metabolismo , Masculino , Ratones , Ratones Endogámicos BALB C , Extractos Vegetales/química , Células RAW 264.7 , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa
5.
Molecules ; 24(13)2019 Jun 27.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-31252608

RESUMEN

(1) Background: The ability to determine the age of ginseng is very important because the price of ginseng depends on the cultivation period. Since morphological observation is subjective, a new scientific and systematic method for determining the age of ginseng is required. (2) Methods: Three techniques were used for a metabolomics approach. High-resolution magic-angle-spinning nuclear magnetic resonance (HR-MAS NMR) spectroscopy was used to analyze powdered ginseng samples without extraction. Ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) and gas chromatography quadrupole time-of-fight mass spectrometry (GC-TOF/MS) were used to analyze the extracts of 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old ginseng. (3) Results: A metabolomics approach has the potential to discriminate the age of ginseng. Among the primary metabolites detected from NMR spectroscopy, the levels of fumarate and choline showed moderate prediction with an area under the curve (AUC) value of more than 0.7. As a result of UPLC-QTOF/MS-based profiling, 61 metabolites referring to the VIP (variable importance in the projection) score contributed to discriminating the age of ginseng. The results of GC×GC-TOF/MS showed clear discrimination of 4-, 5-, and 6-year-old ginseng using orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) to 100% of the discrimination rate. The results of receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, 16 metabolites between 4- and 5-year-old ginseng, and 18 metabolites between 5- and 6-year-old ginseng contributed to age discrimination in all regions. (4) Conclusions: These results showed that metabolic profiling and multivariate statistical analyses can distinguish the age of ginseng. Especially, it is meaningful that ginseng samples from different areas had the same metabolites for age discrimination. In future studies, it will be necessary to identify the unknown variables and to collaboratively study with other fields the biochemistry of aging in ginseng.


Asunto(s)
Metabolómica/métodos , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/análisis , Cromatografía Liquida , Análisis Discriminante , Cromatografía de Gases y Espectrometría de Masas , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Panax/crecimiento & desarrollo , Curva ROC , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem
6.
J Cell Biochem ; 119(1): 748-757, 2018 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28657691

RESUMEN

Pseudoshikonin I (PSI), a novel biomaterial isolated from Lithospermi radix, has been recognized as an herbal medicine for the treatment of infectious and inflammatory diseases. Bone remodeling maintains a balance through bone resorption (osteoclastogenesis) and bone formation (osteoblastogenesis). Bone formation is generally attributed to osteoblasts. However, the effects of PSI on the bone are not well known. In this study, we found that the ethanol extracts of PSI induced osteoblast differentiation by increasing the expression of bone morphogenic protein 4 (BMP 4). PSI positively regulates the transcriptional expression and osteogenic activity of osteoblast-specific transcription factors such as Runx2 and Osterix. To identify the signaling pathways that mediate PSI-induced osteoblastogenesis, we examined the effects of serine-threonine kinase inhibitors that are known regulators of Osterix and Runx2. PSI-induced upregulation of Osterix and Runx2 was suppressed by treatment with AKT and PKA inhibitors. These results suggest that PSI enhances osteoblast differentiation by stimulating Osterix and Runx2 via the AKT and PKA signaling pathways. Thus, the activation of Runx2 and Osterix is modulated by PSI, thereby demonstrating its potential as a treatment target for bone disease.


Asunto(s)
Subunidad alfa 1 del Factor de Unión al Sitio Principal/genética , Etanol/farmacología , Lithospermum/química , Osteoblastos/citología , Factor de Transcripción Sp7/genética , Animales , Proteína Morfogenética Ósea 4/metabolismo , Remodelación Ósea , Diferenciación Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Línea Celular , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Células HEK293 , Humanos , Ratones , Naftoquinonas/química , Osteoblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Osteoblastos/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/farmacología , Factor de Transcripción Sp7/metabolismo , Transcripción Genética/efectos de los fármacos
7.
Molecules ; 23(2)2018 Jan 29.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29382138

RESUMEN

A new ginsenoside, named ginsenoside Rh23 (1), and 20-O-ß-d-glucopyranosyl-3ß,6α,12ß,20ß,25-pentahydroxydammar-23-ene (2) were isolated from the leaves of hydroponic Panax ginseng. Compounds were isolated by various column chromatography and their structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including high resolution quadrupole/time of flight mass spectrometry (HR-QTOF/MS), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, and infrared (IR) spectroscopy. To determine anti-melanogenic activity, the change in the melanin content in melan-a cells treated with identified compounds was tested. Additionally, we investigated the melanin inhibitory effects of ginsenoside Rh23 on pigmentation in a zebrafish in vivo model. Compound 1 inhibited potent melanogenesis in melan-a cells with 37.0% melanogenesis inhibition at 80 µM and also presented inhibition on the body pigmentation in zebrafish model. Although compound 2 showed slightly lower inhibitory activity than compound 1, it also showed significantly decreased melanogenesis in melan-a cell and in zebrafish model. These results indicated that compounds isolated from hydroponic P. ginseng may be used as new skin whitening compound through the in vitro and in vivo systems. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the utility of MS-based compound 1 for the quantitative analysis. Ginsenoside Rh23 (1) was found at a level of 0.31 mg/g in leaves of hydroponic P. ginseng.


Asunto(s)
Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos , Ginsenósidos , Melanoma/tratamiento farmacológico , Panax/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Animales , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/química , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/aislamiento & purificación , Antineoplásicos Fitogénicos/farmacología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Ginsenósidos/química , Ginsenósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Melanoma/metabolismo , Melanoma/patología , Ratones , Pez Cebra
8.
Molecules ; 23(8)2018 Aug 17.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-30126124

RESUMEN

In the food industry and herbal markets, it is critical to control the quality of processed Panax ginseng products. In this study, ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS)-based metabolomics was applied for the quality evaluation of white ginseng (WG), tae-geuk ginseng (TG), red ginseng (RG), and black ginseng (BG). Diverse metabolites including ginsenosides were profiled by UPLC-QTOF/MS, and the datasets of WG, TG, RG, and BG were then subjected to multivariate analyses. In principal component analysis (PCA), four processed ginseng products were well-differentiated, and several ginsenosides were identified as major components of each product. S-plot also characterized the metabolic changes between two processed ginseng products, and the major ginsenosides of each product were found as follows: WG (M-Rb1, M-Rb2, M-Rc, Re, Rg1), TG (Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1), RG (Rb1, Rb2, Rc, Rd, Re, Rg1), and BG (Rd, Rk1, Rg5, Rg3). Furthermore, the quantitative contents of ginsenosides were evaluated from the four processed ginseng products. Finally, it was indicated that the proposed metabolomics approach was useful for the quality evaluation and control of processed ginseng products.


Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión , Metabolómica , Panax/química , Extractos Vegetales/química , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción , Ginsenósidos/química , Metabolómica/métodos , Panax/metabolismo , Extractos Vegetales/análisis
9.
J Proteome Res ; 16(4): 1460-1469, 2017 04 07.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28251853

RESUMEN

In this study, UPLC-QqQ/MS-based lipidomics was applied to profile various lipids from RAW264.7 macrophages treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS). The degree of inflammation increased with the LPS concentration. To elucidate the altered lipid metabolism of inflammatory macrophages, we targeted to analyze 25 lipid classes from LPS-treated RAW264.7 cells. As a result, 523 lipid species were successfully profiled by using the optimal UPLC and MRM. Statistical data analyses such as PCA, PLS-DA, and HCA differentiated five RAW264.7 cells treated with different concentrations of LPS. VIP plot, heat map, and bar plot also provided lists of up- or down-regulated lipids according to the LPS concentration. From the results, 11 classes of lipids, TG, DG, ChE, PE, PS, PI, PA, LyPC, LyPE, Cer, and dCer, were increased, and three classes, cholesterol, PC, and LyPA, were decreased in an LPS concentration-dependent manner. Furthermore, the treatment of an anti-inflammatory compound recovered the levels of PC, PE, PI, PA, LyPE, LyPA, and Cer from the activated macrophages. Finally, these results demonstrate the correlation between inflammation and lipid metabolism in macrophages. The differentially regulated lipids also have the potential to be used as biomarkers for inflammation.


Asunto(s)
Biomarcadores/metabolismo , Inflamación/metabolismo , Lípidos/genética , Macrófagos/metabolismo , Animales , Regulación de la Expresión Génica/efectos de los fármacos , Inflamación/tratamiento farmacológico , Inflamación/genética , Metabolismo de los Lípidos/genética , Lípidos/clasificación , Lipopolisacáridos/administración & dosificación , Macrófagos/efectos de los fármacos , Ratones , Células RAW 264.7
10.
Int J Mol Sci ; 18(6)2017 May 24.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-28538661

RESUMEN

(1) Background: Panax ginseng root is one of the most important herbal products, and the profiling of ginsenosides is critical for the quality control of ginseng roots at different ages in the herbal markets. Furthermore, interest in assessing the contents as well as the localization of biological compounds has been growing. The objective of this study is to carry out the mass spectrometry (MS)-based profiling and imaging of ginsenosides to assess ginseng roots at different ages; (2) Methods: Optimal ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled to quadrupole time of flight/MS (UPLC-QTOF/MS) was used to profile various ginsenosides from P. ginseng roots. Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization (MALDI)-time of flight (TOF)/MS-based imaging was also optimized to visualize ginsenosides in ginseng roots; (3) Results: UPLC-QTOF/MS was used to profile 30 ginsenosides with high mass accuracy, with an in-house library constructed for the fast and exact identification of ginsenosides. Using this method, the levels of 14 ginsenosides were assessed in P. ginseng roots cultivated for 4, 5, and 6 years. The optimal MALDI-imaging MS (IMS) was also applied to visualize the 14 ginsenosides in ginseng roots. As a result, the MSI cross sections showed the localization of 4 ginsenoside ions ([M + K]⁺) in P. ginseng roots at different ages; (4) Conclusions: The contents and localization of various ginsenosides differ depending on the cultivation years of P. ginseng roots. Furthermore, this study demonstrated the utility of MS-based profiling and imaging of ginsenosides for the quality control of ginseng roots.


Asunto(s)
Ginsenósidos/análisis , Panax/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Panax/crecimiento & desarrollo , Fitomejoramiento , Raíces de Plantas/crecimiento & desarrollo , Control de Calidad , Espectrometría de Masa por Láser de Matriz Asistida de Ionización Desorción/métodos
11.
Molecules ; 22(12)2017 Dec 04.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-29207539

RESUMEN

The effective production and usage of ginsenosides, given their distinct pharmacological effects, are receiving increasing amounts of attention. As the ginsenosides content differs in different parts of Panax ginseng, we wanted to assess and compare the ginsenosides content in the ginseng roots, leave, stems, and berries. To extract the ginsenosides, 70% (v/v) methanol was used. The optimal ultra-performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (UPLC-QTOF/MS) method was used to profile various ginsenosides from the different parts of P. ginseng. The datasets were then subjected to multivariate analysis including principal component analysis (PCA) and hierarchical clustering analysis (HCA). A UPLC-QTOF/MS method with an in-house library was constructed to profile 58 ginsenosides. With this method, a total of 39 ginsenosides were successfully identified and quantified in the ginseng roots, leave, stem, and berries. PCA and HCA characterized the different ginsenosides compositions from the different parts. The quantitative ginsenoside contents were also characterized from each plant part. The results of this study indicate that the UPLC-QTOF/MS method can be an effective tool to characterize various ginsenosides from the different parts of P. ginseng.


Asunto(s)
Cromatografía Líquida de Alta Presión/métodos , Ginsenósidos/química , Panax/química , Hojas de la Planta/química , Raíces de Plantas/química , Tallos de la Planta/química , Espectrometría de Masas en Tándem/métodos
12.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 26(1): 203-8, 2016 01 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26602275

RESUMEN

2-Hydroxy-3',5,5'-trimenthoxyochalcone (DK-139) is a synthetic chalcone-derived compound. This study evaluated the biological activity of DK-139 on the inhibition of tumor metastasis. Growth-regulated oncogene-alpha (GROα) plays an important role in the progression of tumor development by stimulating angiogenesis and metastasis. In this study, DK-139 inhibited tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced GROα gene promoter activity by inhibiting of IκB kinase (IKK) in MDA-MB231 cells. In addition, DK-139 prevented the TNFα-induced cell migration, F-actin formation, and invasive capability of MDA-MB-231 cells. These findings suggest that DK-139 is a potential drug candidate for the inhibition of tumor cell locomotion and invasion via the suppression of NF-κB-mediated GROα expression.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/tratamiento farmacológico , Chalconas/farmacología , Quimiocina CXCL1/biosíntesis , FN-kappa B/antagonistas & inhibidores , Invasividad Neoplásica/prevención & control , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/genética , Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Neoplasias de la Mama/patología , Línea Celular Tumoral , Chalconas/síntesis química , Chalconas/química , Quimiocina CXCL1/genética , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Femenino , Humanos , Estructura Molecular , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , ARN Mensajero/genética , Relación Estructura-Actividad
13.
Int J Mol Sci ; 17(8)2016 Aug 18.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-27548143

RESUMEN

Pseudoshikonin I, the new bioactive constituent of Lithospermi radix, was isolated from this methanol extract by employing reverse-phase medium-pressure liquid chromatography (MPLC) using acetonitrile/water solvent system as eluents. The chemical structure was determined based on spectroscopic techniques, including 1D NMR (¹H, (13)C, DEPT), 2D NMR (gCOSY, gHMBC, gHMQC), and QTOF/MS data. In this study, we demonstrated the effect of pseudoshikonin I on matrix-metalloproteinase (MMPs) activation and expression in interleukin (IL)-1ß-induced SW1353 chondrosarcoma cells. MMPs are considered important for the maintenance of the extracellular matrix. Following treatment with PS, active MMP-1, -2, -3, -9, -13 and TIMP-2 were quantified in the SW1353 cell culture supernatants using a commercially available ELISA kit. The mRNA expression of MMPs in SW1353 cells was measured by RT-PCR. Pseudoshikonin I treatment effectively protected the activation on all tested MMPs in a dose-dependent manner. TIMP-2 mRNA expression was significantly upregulated by pseudoshikonin I treatment. Overall, we elucidated the inhibitory effect of pseudoshikonin on MMPs, and we suggest its use as a potential novel anti-osteoarthritis agent.


Asunto(s)
Interleucina-1beta/farmacología , Lithospermum/química , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/farmacología , Metaloproteinasas de la Matriz/metabolismo , Línea Celular Tumoral , Supervivencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Humanos , Espectroscopía de Resonancia Magnética , Metaloproteinasa 1 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 13 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 3 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/metabolismo , Inhibidores de la Metaloproteinasa de la Matriz/química , Estructura Molecular , Inhibidor Tisular de Metaloproteinasa-2/metabolismo
14.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 25(1): 128-32, 2015 Jan 01.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25466202

RESUMEN

The control of tumor metastasis is important for the successful prevention and treatment of cancer. Emerging evidence indicates that various natural and synthetic chalcones exhibit antimetastatic activity through the inhibition of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB), although the precise mechanism by which this occurs is currently unclear. In this study, 2-hydroxy-3,4-naphthochalcone (2H-NC) was found to reduce tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα)-induced MMP-9 mRNA expression and gelatinolytic enzyme activity. These actions were associated with inhibition of RelA/p65 NF-κB activity. In addition, 2H-NC inhibited TNFα-induced invasion of MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, as assessed using a three-dimensional spheroid invasion assay. Taken together, these data demonstrate that 2H-NC prevents TNFα-induced tumor cell invasion through downregulation of NF-κB-mediated MMP-9 gene expression, and thereby identify naphthochalcones as a potentially effective class of molecules to use as a platform for the development of antimetastatic agents.


Asunto(s)
Neoplasias de la Mama/metabolismo , Chalconas/química , Metaloproteinasa 9 de la Matriz/biosíntesis , FN-kappa B/metabolismo , Naftalenos/química , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Línea Celular Tumoral , Chalconas/farmacología , Regulación hacia Abajo/efectos de los fármacos , Regulación hacia Abajo/fisiología , Femenino , Humanos , Naftalenos/farmacología , Invasividad Neoplásica/prevención & control , Factor de Necrosis Tumoral alfa/toxicidad
15.
Biol Pharm Bull ; 38(10): 1663-7, 2015.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26424028

RESUMEN

This study was initiated to isolate active metabolites from the leaves of Panax ginseng. Among them, picrionoside A, a megastigmane glucoside, was isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng C. A. MAYER and its chemical structure was determined based on spectroscopic methods, including FAB-MS, one-dimensional (1D)-NMR, 2D-NMR, and IR spectroscopy. Picrionoside A from P. ginseng has not been investigated previously, and its biological or pharmaceutical activities have not been reported elsewhere. The IC50 value of mushroom tyrosinase-inhibitory activity of picrionoside A was 9.8 µM, and the rate of inhibition of synthesized melanin content in melan-a cells was 17.1% at a concentration of 80 µM without cytotoxicity. Furthermore, picrionoside A dramatically reduced body pigmentation in the zebrafish model. Taken together, the results suggest that picrionoside A isolated from the leaves of P. ginseng may be an effective skin-whitening agent that could be a potent candidate material in the cosmetic industry.


Asunto(s)
Ciclohexenos/farmacología , Glucósidos/farmacología , Melaninas/metabolismo , Panax , Preparaciones para Aclaramiento de la Piel/farmacología , Animales , Línea Celular , Ciclohexenos/aislamiento & purificación , Embrión no Mamífero , Glucósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , Monofenol Monooxigenasa/metabolismo , Hojas de la Planta/química , Preparaciones para Aclaramiento de la Piel/aislamiento & purificación , Pez Cebra
16.
J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem ; 30(6): 934-40, 2015 Dec.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25676326

RESUMEN

Hericium erinaceum is an edible and medicinal mushroom widely used in Korea, Japan, and China. On the search for biologically active compounds supporting the medicinal usage, the MeOH extract of the fruiting bodies of H. erinaceum was investigated for its chemical constituents. Six compounds were isolated and identified as hericenone D (1), (22E,24R)-5α,8α-epidioxyergosta-6,22-dien-3ß-ol (2), erinacerin B (3), hericenone E (4), hericenone F (5) and isohericerin (6) by comparing their spectroscopic data with previously reported values. The inhibitory effects on adriamycin-induced cellular senescence in human dermal fibroblasts (HDFs) and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) of the isolates (1-6) were studied. Among the isolated compounds, ergosterol peroxide (2) reduced senescence associated ß-galactosidase (SA-ß-gal) activity increased in HUVECs treated with adriamycin. According to experimental data obtained, the active compound may inspire the development of a new pharmacologically useful substance to be used in the treatment and prevention of age-related diseases.


Asunto(s)
Agaricales/química , Senescencia Celular/efectos de los fármacos , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/citología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/efectos de los fármacos , Benzopiranos/química , Benzopiranos/aislamiento & purificación , Benzopiranos/farmacología , Relación Dosis-Respuesta a Droga , Doxorrubicina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Doxorrubicina/farmacología , Ergosterol/análogos & derivados , Ergosterol/química , Ergosterol/aislamiento & purificación , Ergosterol/farmacología , Fibroblastos/efectos de los fármacos , Fibroblastos/enzimología , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/química , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/aislamiento & purificación , Compuestos Heterocíclicos con 2 Anillos/farmacología , Células Endoteliales de la Vena Umbilical Humana/enzimología , Humanos , Indoles/química , Indoles/aislamiento & purificación , Indoles/farmacología , Estructura Molecular , Palmitatos/química , Palmitatos/aislamiento & purificación , Palmitatos/farmacología , Fenoles/química , Fenoles/aislamiento & purificación , Fenoles/farmacología , Piel/citología , Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Relación Estructura-Actividad , Terpenos/química , Terpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Terpenos/farmacología , beta-Galactosidasa/antagonistas & inhibidores , beta-Galactosidasa/metabolismo
17.
Int J Mol Sci ; 16(11): 26786-96, 2015 Nov 09.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-26569219

RESUMEN

In this study, a method of metabolite profiling based on UPLC-QTOF/MS was developed to analyze Platycodon grandiflorum. In the optimal UPLC, various metabolites, including major platycosides, were separated well in 15 min. The metabolite extraction protocols were also optimized by selecting a solvent for use in the study, the ratio of solvent to sample and sonication time. This method was used to profile two different parts of P. grandiflorum, i.e., the roots of P. grandiflorum (PR) and the stems and leaves of P. grandiflorum (PS), in the positive and negative ion modes. As a result, PR and PS showed qualitatively and quantitatively different metabolite profiles. Furthermore, their metabolite compositions differed according to individual plant samples. These results indicate that the UPLC-QTOF/MS-based profiling method is a good tool to analyze various metabolites in P. grandiflorum. This metabolomics approach can also be applied to evaluate the overall quality of P. grandiflorum, as well as to discriminate the cultivars for the medicinal plant industry.


Asunto(s)
Metaboloma , Ácido Oleanólico/aislamiento & purificación , Platycodon/química , Saponinas/aislamiento & purificación , Triterpenos/aislamiento & purificación , Espectrometría de Masas/instrumentación , Espectrometría de Masas/métodos , Ácido Oleanólico/análogos & derivados , Hojas de la Planta/química , Hojas de la Planta/metabolismo , Raíces de Plantas/química , Raíces de Plantas/metabolismo , Tallos de la Planta/química , Tallos de la Planta/metabolismo , Platycodon/metabolismo , Solventes/química
18.
Int J Mol Sci ; 16(1): 1677-90, 2015 Jan 13.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-25590297

RESUMEN

Three minor ginsenosides, namely, ginsenoside Rh6 (1), vina-ginsenoside R4 (2) and vina-ginsenoside R13 (3), were isolated from the leaves of hydroponic Panax ginseng. The chemical structures were determined based on spectroscopic methods, including fast atom bombardment mass spectroscopy (FAB-MS), 1D-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), 2D-NMR, and, infrared (IR) spectroscopy. The melanogenic inhibitory activity of compounds 1, 2 and 3 was 23.9%, 27.8% and 35.2%, respectively, at a concentration of 80 µM. Likewise, the three compounds showed inhibitory activity on body pigmentation on a zebrafish model, which is commonly used as a model for biomedical or cosmetic research. These results from in vitro and in vivo systems suggest that the three aforementioned compounds isolated from Panax ginseng may have potential as new skin whitening compounds.


Asunto(s)
Ginsenósidos/química , Ginsenósidos/farmacología , Melaninas/metabolismo , Panax/química , Animales , Línea Celular , Ginsenósidos/aislamiento & purificación , Ratones Endogámicos C57BL , Pigmentación de la Piel/efectos de los fármacos , Pez Cebra
19.
Front Nutr ; 11: 1427121, 2024.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-39171113

RESUMEN

Background/objectives: Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) is used in traditional oriental medicine to treat several ailments. Methods: The study investigated the anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects of PGW (P. grandiflorum) extract in Aß25-35-induced inflammation in BV2 microglia cells. Result: PGW demonstrated significant inhibition of nitric oxide (NO) production, with reductions of 30.4, 36.7, and 61.2% at concentrations of 50, 100, and 200 µg/mL, respectively. Moreover, PGW effectively suppressed the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines IL-1ß and IL-6 and exhibited significant inhibitory activity against TNF-α at 200 µg/mL. Furthermore, PGW treatment mitigated apoptosis in Aß-induced BV2 cells by modulating the mitochondrial apoptosis pathway, regulating Bcl-2 family protein synthesis, and inhibiting caspase activation. Mechanistically, PGW attenuated the activation of the MAPK (JNK, ERK, p38) pathway induced by Aß, showing a concentration-dependent decrease in phosphorylation levels of these proteins. Additionally, PGW inhibited the NF-κB pathway activation by reducing the phosphorylation levels of p65 and IκBα in a concentration-dependent manner. Conclusion: PGW demonstrated anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective effects in Aß-induced neuronal cells, suggesting its potential as a therapeutic agent for neuroinflammatory associated with neurodegenerative diseases.

20.
Bioorg Med Chem Lett ; 23(18): 5150-4, 2013 Sep 15.
Artículo en Inglés | MEDLINE | ID: mdl-23927974

RESUMEN

Rhus parviflora (Anacardiaceae) is an indigenous medicinal shrub found in South Asia with flavonoid rich edible fruit. This study examined flavonoid derivatives of R. parviflora fruit with CDK5/p25 inhibition activity. Evaluation by in vitro assay and docking simulations for CDK5/p25 revealed that the aurones, sulfuretin (1) and aureusidin (2), the aurone glycoside, aureusidin-6-O-ß-D-glucopyranoside (3) and hovetrichoside C (4), the flavonoid glycoside, quercetin-3-O-ß-D-galactopyranoside (5), and the biflavonoid, cupressuflavone (6), had the potential to inhibit CDK5/p25, which could be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. Compound2 showed the significant in vitro inhibition capacity (IC50 value of 4.81 µM) as well as binding affinity with docking energy of -8.73 (kcal/mol) for active sites CYS83 and GLN130 of CDK5/p25 enzyme in comparison to reference compound R-roscovitine.


Asunto(s)
Quinasa 5 Dependiente de la Ciclina/antagonistas & inhibidores , Flavonoides/farmacología , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/antagonistas & inhibidores , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/farmacología , Rhus/química , Quinasa 5 Dependiente de la Ciclina/metabolismo , Flavonoides/síntesis química , Flavonoides/química , Humanos , Modelos Moleculares , Estructura Molecular , Proteínas del Tejido Nervioso/metabolismo , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/síntesis química , Fármacos Neuroprotectores/química
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