Author Correction: Evaluation of narrow band imaging in the assessment of laryngeal granuloma.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Evaluation of narrow band imaging in the assessment of laryngeal granuloma.

Laryngeal granulomas belong to common complications following trans-oral laser microsurgery (TLM). The aim of this study was to evaluate NBI in the differentiation between granuloma-like lesions and local tumor recurrence. 154 consecutive patients after TLM due to early laryngeal cancer were enrolled. In the group, a monthly follow-up including NBI endoscopy was performed. Moderate and severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ and invasive cancer were defined as positive histology, laryngeal granuloma and other benign laryngeal lesions as negative histology and premalignant lesions as suspicious histology. In 47/154 (31%) cases, granuloma-like lesion (GLL) was found. Patients with GLL were divided into two groups based on the NBI classification. In all patients, the microvascular pattern in NBI was compared with the final histology. In group A, with suspicious, perpendicular vessels, 13/13 (100%) samples were positive. In group B, with normal vascular pattern 3/34 (9%) samples were positive and 31/34 (91%) samples were negative. There was a significant correlation between the positive NBI vascular pattern and the final histology (p = 0.00001). Sensitivity, specificity, accuracy of NBI were as follows: 81%, 100%, 94%, respectively.Based on our results, NBI can reliably differentiate between postoperative laryngeal granuloma and local tumor recurrence. In such a manner, this method is very helpful in the follow-up of tumor patients.

The usefulness of narrow band imaging in the assessment of laryngeal papillomatosis.

OBJECTIVES/HYPOTHESIS: Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP) is a benign disease caused by human papillomavirus 6 and 11. The characteristic feature of this disease are wart-like lesions covering the respiratory epithelium with a predilection for the larynx. There is no curative treatment for the disease. The goal of the treatment is a total surgical removal of the papillomatous lesions in order to reduce the number of relapses. Therefore, a good visualization method of papillomas is crucial during surgery. The aim of the study was to compare the accuracy of narrow band imaging (NBI) to the use of white light alone in detecting RRP. METHODS: The study was carried out between April 2013 and November 2015 at Poznan University of Medical Sciences, Department of Otolaryngology, Poland. Rigid endoscopy with conventional white light (WL) and NBI (CV-260SL processor and CLV- 260SL light source, Olympus Optical Co. Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) was performed in all patients during direct laryngoscopy. All anatomical sites of the larynx and trachea were assessed using the Dikkers scale and Derkay total site scoring system with WL and NBI. The consensus was reached as to the number of lesions seen in WL compared to NBI. RESULTS: During 36 microlaryngoscopies, the number of papillomas detected in the larynx (by Derkay total site score) differed significantly between white light endoscopy and NBI (Wilcoxon test p = 0.000655). In endoscopy with NBI, a mean of 1.3 more papillomas in Derkay total site score was detected in comparison to white light endoscopy NBI showed additional areas of diseased tissue in 15/36 (41.67%) patients. CONCLUSIONS: NBI as an additional tool during microlaryngoscopy can improve the detection of papillomatous lesions.

Narrow-band imaging (NBI) for improving the assessment of vocal fold leukoplakia and overcoming the umbrella effect.

BACKGROUND: It is crucial to find a balance between functional and oncological outcome when choosing an adequate method for the management of vocal fold leukoplakia. Therefore, a detailed examination is a milestone in the decision-making process. AIM: To examine whether narrow-band imaging (NBI) can be helpful in vocal fold assessment in the case of leukoplakia and how to overcome the "umbrella effect"- understood as the submucosal vascular pattern hidden under the plaque. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Prospective cohort of 41 consecutive patients. Inclusion criteria: vocal fold leukoplakia, no previous procedures (surgery, radiotherapy), and preoperative endoscopy with an optical filter for NBI. Two groups: "suspicious" and "normal", according to the submucosal microvascular pattern of peripheral regions of the mucosa surrounding the plaque, were distinguished. Patients were qualified for a full-thickness or partial-thickness biopsy, respectively. Criteria defining suspected characters were well-demarcated brownish areas with scattered brown spots corresponding to type IV, Va, Vb, and Vc NI classifications. RESULTS: In 22/41 (53.7%) patients with "suspected" microvascular pattern, full-thickness biopsy was performed. Moderate and severe dysplasia was revealed in 15 type IV and 7 type Va NI patients. In 19/41 (46.3%) patients with proper NBI vessel pattern treated by partial-thickness biopsy, hyperkeratosis was diagnosed. There was a strong correlation between the NBI pattern and final histology: Chi2 (2) = 41.0 (p = 0.0000). CONCLUSION: The results demonstrate that NBI endoscopic assessment of the submucosal microvascular pattern of mucosa surrounding the plaque can be an effective method to categorise the risk in vocal fold leukoplakia prior to treatment.