Difference between Keratinized- and Non-Keratinized-Originating Epithelium in the Process of Immune Escape of Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), including anti-programmed cell death 1 ligand 1 (PD-L1) antibodies, are significantly changing treatment strategies for human malignant diseases, including oral cancer. Cancer cells usually escape from the immune system and acquire proliferative capacity and invasive/metastatic potential. We have focused on the two immune checkpoints, PD-1/PD-L1 and CD47/SIRPα, in the tumor microenvironment of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC), performed a retrospective analysis of the expression of seven immune-related factors (PD-L1, PD-1, CD4, CD8, CD47, CD56 and CD11c), and examined their correlation with clinicopathological status. As a result, there were no significant findings relating to seven immune-related factors and several clinicopathological statuses. However, the immune checkpoint-related factors (PD-1, PD-L1, CD47) were highly expressed in non-keratinized epithelium-originated tumors when compared to those in keratinized epithelium-originated tumors. It is of interest that immunoediting via immune checkpoint-related factors was facilitated in non-keratinized sites. Several researchers reported that the keratinization of oral mucosal epithelia affected the immune response, but our present finding is the first study to show a difference in tumor immunity in the originating epithelium of OSCC, keratinized or non-keratinized. Tumor immunity, an immune escape status of OSCC, might be different in the originating epithelium, keratinized or non-keratinized.

Trabeculotomy in a Behçet's Disease Patient One Week after Infliximab Administration.

PURPOSE: To describe a patient with Behçet's disease and anterior uveitis, which was not cured by local and systemic corticosteroid treatments, who underwent trabeculotomy one week after infliximab administration. METHODS: The patient received preoperative antibiotic therapy followed by trabeculotomy one week after infliximab administration. We observed ocular findings before and after surgery. RESULTS: Anterior uveitis improved after infliximab administration. The elevated intraocular pressure improved after surgery and there were no intraoperative complications. Neither ocular inflammatory attacks nor infectious complications were found in the operated eye of the patient during follow-up. CONCLUSION: Trabeculotomy one week after administration of infliximab appears to be safe and effective in treating secondary glaucoma associated with Behçet's disease.