Nanomaterials-assisted gene editing and synthetic biology for optimizing the treatment of pulmonary diseases.

The use of nanomaterials in gene editing and synthetic biology has emerged as a pivotal strategy in the pursuit of refined treatment methodologies for pulmonary disorders. This review discusses the utilization of nanomaterial-assisted gene editing tools and synthetic biology techniques to promote the development of more precise and efficient treatments for pulmonary diseases. First, we briefly outline the characterization of the respiratory system and succinctly describe the principal applications of diverse nanomaterials in lung ailment treatment. Second, we elaborate on gene-editing tools, their configurations, and assorted delivery methods, while delving into the present state of nanomaterial-facilitated gene-editing interventions for a spectrum of pulmonary diseases. Subsequently, we briefly expound on synthetic biology and its deployment in biomedicine, focusing on research advances in the diagnosis and treatment of pulmonary conditions against the backdrop of the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. Finally, we summarize the extant lacunae in current research and delineate prospects for advancement in this domain. This holistic approach augments the development of pioneering solutions in lung disease treatment, thereby endowing patients with more efficacious and personalized therapeutic alternatives.

PANoptosis opens new treatment options for allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis.

Background: Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis (ABPA) is a rare airway disorder primarily affecting patients with asthma and cystic fibrosis. Persistent airway inflammation brought on by Aspergillus fumigatus exacerbates the underlying condition and can cause significant respiratory damage. Treatments center on reducing inflammation with the use of corticosteroids and antifungals. PANoptosis is a new concept in the field of cell death and inflammation that posits the existence of cross talk and a master control system for the 3 programmed cell death (PCD) pathways, namely, apoptosis, pyroptosis, and necroptosis. This concept has revolutionized the understanding of PCD and opened new avenues for its exploration. Studies show that Aspergillus is one of the pathogens that is capable of activating PANoptosis via the Z-DNA binding protein 1 (ZBP1) pathway and plays an active role in the inflammation caused by this organism. Objective: This article explores the nature of inflammation in ABPA and ways in which PCD could lead to novel treatment options. Method: PubMed was used to review the literature surrounding Aspergillus infection-related inflammation and PANoptosis. Results: There is evidence that apoptosis and pyroptosis protect against Aspergillus-induced inflammation, whereas necroptosis promotes inflammation. Conclusion: Experimental medications, in particular, necroptosis inhibitors such as necrosulfonamide and necrostatin-1, should be studied for use in the treatment of ABPA.