A misleading frozen section in a lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma of a nine-year-old.

INTRODUCTION: Benign pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland usually present as a painless, slow growing mass in healthy adults and rarely present in childhood. This report describes a pediatric patient found to have a lacrimal gland pleomorphic adenoma that mimicked rhabdomyosarcoma on frozen section. REPORT: A nine-year-old African American male presented with two months of unilateral proptosis and was found to have a left orbital mass on computed topography. Through a lateral orbitotomy, the mass was excised, but noted to appear distinct from the lacrimal gland. An intraoperative frozen section demonstrated a myxoid matrix with scattered cells mimicking rhabdomyoblasts. Because this sample lacked additional elements, the diagnosis of rhabdomyosarcoma could not be excluded, especially considering the patient's age, short time course of symptoms, and the tumor's intraoperative appearance. Permanent sections of the whole lesion provided definitive diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS: In the rare pediatric presentations, pleomorphic adenomas of the lacrimal gland can be difficult to quickly and definitively differentiate from a rhabdomyosarcoma. The unusual age of presentation and the misleading frozen section appearance in this case demonstrate the intricacies of managing pediatric orbital tumors and highlight the importance of permanent sections for definitive diagnosis.

Pigmented Epithelioid Melanocytoma of the Cheek, Orbit, and Intracranial Cavity: A Case Report.

Pigmented epithelioid melanocytoma (PEM) of the skin has been rarely reported in ophthalmology. The purpose of this case report is to present a young male born with a progressive, hyperpigmented lesion involving the orbit and intracranial cavity diagnosed as PEM. The case is unique given the young age and the size, multifocality, and growth of this tumor. Identification of this lesion is paramount due to its low-grade malignant potential.

Protective eyewear use as depicted in children's television programs.

PURPOSE: To characterize the depiction of protective eyewear use in scripted children's television programs. METHODS: Viewership ratings data were acquired to generate a list of the most-watched scripted broadcast and cable programs for the 2- to 12-year-old age group. The three highest average viewership programs from broadcast and cable programming that met the inclusion criteria were analyzed by two independent reviewers. RESULTS: Review of 30 episodes revealed a total of 244 exposure-scenes in which an individual was engaged in an activity requiring eye protection. There were 5.5 (mean = 8.1) exposure-scenes per episode, with 26 of 30 (87%) episodes containing at least one exposure-scene. There were 19 depictions of protective eyewear use (8% of total exposure-scenes). Fifteen of the 19 cases of protective eyewear use occurred on broadcast programming. Six eye injuries were depicted in the media content. CONCLUSION: The depiction of protective eyewear use during eye-risk activities is rare in scripted children's television programs and eye injuries are rarely depicted.